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Warrington is a large town and unitary authority area in Cheshire, England, on the banks of the River Mersey, {{convert|20|mi|km}} east of Liverpool, and {{convert|20|mi|km}} west of Manchester. The population in 2017 was estimated at 209,700,^[3] more than double that of 1968 when it became a New Town. Warrington is the largest town in the county of Cheshire.

Warrington was founded by the Romans at an important crossing place on the River Mersey. A new settlement was established by the Saxons. By the Middle Ages, Warrington had emerged as a market town at the lowest bridging point of the river. A local tradition of textile and tool production dates from this time.^[4]

Historically part of Lancashire, the expansion and urbanisation of Warrington coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. The West Coast Main Line runs north to south through the town, and the Liverpool to Manchester railway (the Cheshire Lines route) west to east. The Manchester Ship Canal cuts through the south of the borough (west to east). The M6, M56 and M62 motorways form a partial box around the town.

The modern Borough of Warrington was formed in 1974 with the amalgamation of the former County Borough of Warrington, part of the Golborne Urban District, the Lymm Urban District, part of the Runcorn Rural District, the Warrington Rural District and part of the Whiston Rural District.

History

Early history

Warrington has been a major crossing point on the River Mersey since ancient times and there was a Roman settlement at Wilderspool.^[5] Local archaeological evidence indicates that there were Bronze Age settlements also. In medieval times Warrington's importance was as a market town and bridging point of the River Mersey. The first reference to a bridge at Warrington is found in 1285.^[6] The origin of the modern town was located in the area around St Elphin's Church, now included in the Church Street Conservation Area,^[7] established whilst the main river crossing was via a ford approximately 1 km upriver of Warrington Bridge.^[8] Warrington was the first paved town in Lancashire, which took place in 1321.^[9]

English Civil War

Warrington was a fulcrum in the English Civil War. The armies of Oliver Cromwell and the Earl of Derby both stayed near the old town centre (the parish church area). Popular legend has it that Cromwell lodged near the building which survives on Church Street as the Cottage Restaurant. The Marquis of Granby public house bears a plaque stating that the Earl of Derby 'had his quarters near this site'. Dents in the walls of the parish church are rumoured to have been caused by the cannons from the time of the civil war. On 13 August 1651 Warrington was the scene of the last Royalist victory of the civil war when Scots troops under Charles II and David Leslie, Lord Newark, fought Parliamentarians under John Lambert at the Battle of Warrington Bridge.

Industrial history

The expansion and urbanisation of Warrington largely coincided with the Industrial Revolution, particularly after the Mersey was made navigable in the 18th century. As Britain became industrialised, Warrington embraced the Industrial Revolution becoming a manufacturing town and a centre of steel (particularly wire), textiles, brewing, tanning and chemical industries. The navigational properties of the River Mersey were improved, canals were built, and the town grew yet more prosperous and popular. When the age of steam came, Warrington naturally welcomed it, both as a means of transport and as a source of power for its mills.

Second World War

Many people, particularly Americans, remember Warrington best as the location of RAF Station Burtonwood Burtonwood RAF base. During World War II, it served as the largest US Army Air Force airfield outside the United States, and was visited by major American celebrities like Humphrey Bogart and Bob Hope who entertained the GIs. The RAF station continued in use by the USAAF and subsequently USAF as a staging post for men and material until its closure in 1993.

Post-war expansion

Warrington was designated a new town in 1968 and consequently the town grew in size, with the Birchwood area being developed on the former ROF Risley site.^[10] Heavy industry declined in the 1970s and 1980s but the growth of the new town led to a great increase in employment in light industry, distribution and technology.

IRA bombing

On 20 March 1993, the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) detonated two bombs in Warrington town centre. The blasts killed two children: three-year-old Jonathan Ball died instantly, and twelve-year-old Tim Parry, from the Great Sankey area died five days later in hospital. Around 56 other people were injured, four seriously. Their deaths provoked widespread condemnation of the organisation responsible. The blast followed a bomb attack a few weeks earlier on a gas-storage plant in Warrington.

Tim Parry's father Colin Parry founded The Tim Parry Johnathan Ball Foundation for Peace (known as the Peace Centre) as part of a campaign to reconcile communities in conflict. The centre opened on the seventh anniversary of the bombing, 20 March 2000. He and his family still live in the town.

Other history

In 1981, Warrington was the first place to field a candidate for the new Social Democratic Party; former Home Secretary Roy Jenkins stood for Parliament but lost to Labour Party candidate Doug Hoyle by a small number of votes. On 23 November 1981, an F1/T3 tornado formed over Croft and later passed over Warrington town centre, causing some damage.^[11]

There was a RAF training camp at Padgate, a Royal Naval air base at Appleton Thorn (RNAS Stretton) and an army base at the Peninsula Barracks in O'Leary Street.^[12] The Territorial Army was based at the Bath Street drill hall until they moved to Peninsula Barracks.^[13]

In October 1987, Swedish home products retailer IKEA opened its first British store in the Burtonwood area of the town, bringing more than 200 retail jobs to the area.^[14]

Governance

History

Historically in Lancashire, Warrington was incorporated as a municipal borough in 1847 under the Municipal Corporations Act 1835. Warrington acquired county borough status upon reaching a population of 50,000 in 1900 and until 1974 was known as the County Borough of Warrington. As part of proposed local government reforms of England, in 1969 the Redcliffe-Maud Report suggested merging Warrington with either Merseyside or Greater Manchester metropolitan counties. Lobbying by the borough council averted this. But, since these county boundary changes were to make Warrington non-contiguous with Lancashire, under the local government reforms of 1974, Warrington, incorporating Lymm Urban District and part of Runcorn Rural District from Cheshire, and part of Warrington Rural District, was made a borough within Cheshire County Council.

On 1 April 1998, Warrington became an independent unitary authority, though it is still served by Cheshire Police and Cheshire Fire and Rescue Service, and forms part of Cheshire for ceremonial purposes, such as the Lord Lieutenancy. Warrington has applied unsuccessfully for city status, the most recent attempt being after the opening of the Peace Centre as a "City for Peace".

In March 2017, Warrington presented a bid to become UK City of Culture for 2021. Along with Warrington, bids were made from other towns and cities across the UK including Perth, Stoke-on-Trent, Portsmouth, Wells and Sunderland.^[15] A shortlist was announced in July 2017 but Warrington failed to make the final shortlist.^[16]

Warrington Borough Council

The current borders of Warrington Borough cover the former County Borough of Warrington, Lymm Urban District, Warrington Rural District and part of Golborne Urban District, part of Runcorn Rural District and part of Whiston Rural District.

After the May 2016 election the political makeup of the borough council was as follows: 45 Labour councillors, 11 Liberal Democrat, 2 Conservative.^[17]

A by-election in April 2018 meant that Lymm South ward is now split(1 Conservative, 1 Liberal Democrat) and the membership is now 45 Labour, 12 Liberal Democrats and 1 Conservative.

Parish Councils

The Borough of Warrington contains 18 Parish councils as well as a central unparished area (see list of Civil Parishes below).

National Representation

At Westminster, Warrington is represented by two MPs. Helen Jones (Labour) represents Warrington North, and Faisal Rashid (Labour) represents Warrington South.

Geography

The Borough of Warrington is bordered by Halton, Cheshire West and Chester, and Cheshire East boroughs in the Ceremonial County of Cheshire and by the metropolitan boroughs of Trafford, Salford and Wigan in Greater Manchester and St. Helens in Merseyside.

Subdivisions, suburbs and civil parishes of Warrington

The Borough of Warrington is subdivided into 18 civil parishes and various suburbs of the central town of Warrington, which is an unparished area:

Civil parishes

Appleton, Birchwood, Burtonwood and Westbrook, Croft, Cuerdley, Culcheth and Glazebury, Grappenhall and Thelwall, Great Sankey, Hatton, Lymm, Penketh,

Poulton-with-Fearnhead (includes Padgate), Rixton-with-Glazebrook, Stockton Heath, Stretton,

Other areas

Appleton Thorn, Bewsey, Blackbrook, Bruche, Callands, Chapelford, Cinnamon Brow, Cobbs, Dallam, Fairfield, Gemini, Gorse Covert, Grange, Hermitage Green, Hollins Green, Hood Manor, Howley, Hulme, Kenyon, Latchford, Locking Stumps, Old Hall, Omega, Longford, Orford, Risley, Sankey Bridges, Westbrook, Westy, Whitecross, Wilderspool, Wright's Green

Climate

Warrington has a temperate maritime climate with warm summers and cool winters. Rain is spread across the year, with thunderstorms only usually occurring in the summer months. Summer heat waves are rare but can cause temperatures to exceed 30 °C. Summers are usually snow- and frost-free and rarely experience high winds. Winters are generally mild, with most days above 0 °C and free of lying snow. However, during occasional lengthy cold snaps, night-time temperatures have been known to fall to −12 °C with lying snow lasting for weeks. Ground frost regularly occurs from late October until late March. High winds are common in winter, although rarely above gale force 7.

Green belt

Warrington is within a green belt region that extends into the wider surrounding counties, and is in place to reduce urban sprawl, prevent the towns in the nearby Manchester and Merseyside conurbations from further convergence, protect the identity of outlying communities, encourage brownfield reuse, and preserve nearby countryside. This is achieved by restricting inappropriate development within the designated areas, and imposing stricter conditions on permitted building.^[19]

The main urban area and larger villages of the borough are exempt from the green belt area, but surrounding smaller villages, hamlets and rural areas such as Rixton, Glazebrook, Higher Walton, Kenyon, Stretton, Hatton, Broomedge are 'washed over' with the designation. The green belt was first drawn up in 1977 under Cheshire County Council,^[19] and the size in the borough in 2017 amounted to {{convert|11500|ha|km2+sqmi}}.^[20]

A subsidiary aim of the green belt is to encourage recreation and leisure interests,^[19] with rural landscape features and facilities including Walton Hall gardens with zoo and bicycle museum, St Oswald's Church and well, River Mersey with valley and trail, River Bollin, Manchester ship canal, Bridgewater canal, Appleton reservoir, numerous playing fields, parks and golf clubs, Cuerdley and Norton marshes, the Trans Pennine Trail, the Mersey Forest project, and Sow Brook.

Demography

Population and ethnicity

At the 2011 census, Warrington had a total population of 202,200, of which 49.6% are male and 50.4% are female.^[21] The average age of the population is 38.06 years, which is slightly below the regional and national averages. In 2016 it was estimated that the current population of Warrington is 208,800.

In addition to English, a further 36 languages were recorded spoken by more than 0.01% of Warrington's population aged 3 and over in the 2011 census. Those spoken by more than 0.1% were Polish (0.88%), Slovak (0.21%), Urdu (0.14%), Latvian (0.12%) Non Mandarian or Cantonese Chinese (0.12%) and Tagalog/Filipino (0.11%).

There are around 100 churches or other Christian communities, two mosques, and a Sikh temple Guru Nanak Gurdwara which is the only Sikh place of worship in Cheshire.^[22]

The most multicultural parts of Warrington are in the town centre, as well as the western and north western suburbs, such as Bewsey and Westbrook. In 2011, the town was 92.9% White British, 2.3% other White, 2.4% Asian and 0.3% Black.

Housing and social situation

At the 2011 census, the borough of Warrington had 85,100 households. From 2001 data (80,593 households), 76% were owner occupied, 17.6% were rented from the council, 4.8% were rented from other sources and 1.6% of houses had residents who lived rent free. Warrington has a population density of 10.7 residents per hectare, and 31.9% of residents describe the borough as a comfortably well-off area. 4.3% of households are deemed overcrowded. Of the total population, 5.8% of residents are on some form of benefits.

Employment and education

At 2005, the borough of Warrington had 63.6% employment, with only 2.9% of all economically active people unemployed – although a substantial rise began in 2008 due to the recession. 2.3% of the population are students in full-time higher education. 31.1% of the total population are economically inactive (due to retirement, ill health, or full-time carer status). According to borough statistics, of the population (in the Borough of Warrington in 2005). 26.9% are unqualified (either due to leaving school early or failing the end of school examinations). 46.4% have level 1 or 2 qualifications (level 1 being 1+ GCSE (A*-G) or "O" Level or equivalent, level 2 being 5+ GCSEs (grades A-C), 1+'A' levels/ AS levels (A-E) or equivalent). 19.7% have received level 3+ qualifications (meaning 2+ A-levels (A-E), 4+ AS-levels (A-E) or equivalent minimum).

Economy

This is a chart of trend of regional gross value added of Halton and Warrington at current basic prices.^[23]

Warrington Council and Warrington & Halton Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust are major employers in the borough.

Retail

In spite of its proximity to significant retail areas in Manchester, Liverpool, Chester and the out-of-town Trafford Centre, Warrington continues to have one of the larger shopping centres in North West England. Despite the competition, Warrington has seen an increase in its customer trade, due in part to the modernisation of the town centre. It has a shopping centre (Golden Square) first opened in 1974,^[28] which has been extended to include a Debenhams store, as well as a Primark store, and a new bus station.^[29] The old Cockhedge Textile Mill was demolished and replaced by another shopping mall. The main shopping streets are Buttermarket Street, Horsemarket Street, Sankey Street and Bridge Street. Where these four streets intersect at Market Gate, there is an award-winning redevelopment with a large fountain and "guardians" (known locally as "the skittles") designed by Howard Ben Tré. Musical instrument retailer Dawsons Music originates in the town, and has been located on Sankey Street since 1898. The town also has a large indoor market which is currently being redeveloped as part of the Time Square development which will see the return of a cinema in the town centre along with office space, restaurants, bars and retail opportunities.^[30] The town also has several other small shopping malls located in the town centre and throughout the town such as Hatters Row and Birchwood Mall.^[31] IKEA chose Warrington as the location for their first store when they came to the UK; the store is located in the large out-of-town shopping area of Gemini, which is home to one of the largest Marks and Spencer stores in the UK.

Leisure

There is ten-pin bowling located at Winwick Quay, and indoor paintball. An indoor karting centre is located near to Bank Quay. Pitch and putt and crazy golf are available at Walton Hall and Gardens. A Laser Quest arena and a snooker club can also be found in Warrington, both located close to the town centre. Gulliver's World theme park is located in Old Hall, Apple Jack's Farm theme park is situated in Stretton.

Developments

The Omega Development Site close to the M62 on the northern edge of Warrington is a major business park to be developed in stages over the next 30 years. The site for this is the {{convert|575|acre|km2}} of space on the former Burtonwood Airbase.

Other planned developments in Warrington were delayed by the economic climate, but redevelopment of the Time Square area, including a new Market, multi-story car park with around 1,200 spaces, cinema, retail outlets and council offices is expected to be completed by 2019.

Warrington has also set out its plans to become a "New City" by looking to build up to 24,000 new homes and around 381 hectors of employment land over the next 20 years. Included in the plans are a new "Garden City Suburb" in the south of Warrington. The 4 main areas of growth as outlined in the planning are the waterfront around the River Mersey, the City Centre, the Garden City Suburb and south west urban extension. Once the new homes and employment areas are built it is hoped that it will take the population of Warrington to around 350,000.^[32]

Transport

The town has two main railway stations. Bank Quay is on the West Coast Main Line between London Euston and Glasgow Central and the Manchester Piccadilly to North Wales via Chester line, while Central is on the Liverpool to Manchester line (via Widnes and Warrington) with through services to the North East and to East Anglia. Bank Quay is much altered, but Central (built 1873) is of some architectural merit, featuring polychromatic brickwork. Both have undergone some refurbishment including new entrances. There are also railway stations in the suburbs at Padgate, Sankey, Glazebrook and Birchwood. A new railway station is due to be constructed in Chapelford in the west of Warrington and will be ready for use in the summer of 2019.

The town lies close to the M62, M6 and M56 motorways and midway between Liverpool and Manchester airports. It also has four Primary A roads, A49, A50, A56 and A57. The A580 (East Lancashire Road) forms part of the northern boundary of the borough.

Warrington's Own Buses, one of the few municipal bus companies to survive in public ownership, runs most bus services within the town. First Greater Manchester and Arriva North West provide bus links to surrounding towns and cities such as Manchester, the Trafford Centre, Liverpool, St Helens, Runcorn, Widnes and Chester. A real-time passenger information system was installed and has recently been updated. A new bus station known as Warrington Interchange opened in 2006 at the Golden Square Shopping Centre.

The River Mersey runs through the heart of the town dividing it in two. There are only two main thoroughfares crossing the Mersey in Warrington: at Warrington Bridge at Bridge Foot and at the Kingsway Bridge. Before the M6 was built, these routes were very busy with through traffic.

The Manchester Ship Canal runs through the south of the town; three swing bridges and a high-level cantilever bridge provide crossing points. Although shipping movements on the ship canal are far less frequent than in years past, they can cause severe delay to local road traffic. The picturesque Bridgewater Canal runs through the borough from the scenic village of Lymm to Walton Hall and Gardens, a local park/leisure area. The course of the Sankey Canal runs through the west of the town, although most of it is not suitable for navigation.

Warrington Bus Interchange

The building opened on 21 August 2006,^[33] next to the site of a temporary terminus that had been in use for the past thirteen months. The new interchange was built in conjunction with the extension and upgrade of the adjoining Golden Square shopping centre, and replaced the previous bus station which dated from 1979.^[34]

The interchange consists of 19 departure stands, numbered from 1 to 19, all of which employ a drive-in reverse-out layout. Each stand has a computerised information screen which also ties into the real-time information system. All stands are served from the main concourse building, which contains toilets, two coffee shops, and a combined travel and tourist information office. There is access to the shopping centre via escalators and lifts. The exits on the eastern side of the building lead onto Winwick Street, on which can be found a taxi rank and Warrington Central railway station within around 100 metres.

The bus station is the terminus for all local bus services within Warrington. Regional services operate to neighbouring cities Liverpool, Manchester and Chester, as well as to Wigan, Leigh, Trafford Centre, Altrincham, Northwich, Runcorn, Widnes and St Helens. A small number of National Express long distance coach services operate to destinations including London, Edinburgh, Bristol, Southend-on-Sea and Southport . The majority of bus services are operated by Warrington's Own Buses, who have their own information office within the main concourse selling season tickets. Other services are provided by Arriva North West, First Greater Manchester and Halton Transport.

Culture

In March 2017 Warrington Borough Council made an unsuccessful bid to become the UK City of Culture in 2021.^[35]

Warrington has a concert hall (the Parr Hall), an arts centre (the Pyramid), three museums, and various public libraries throughout the borough. Warrington Central Library was the first rate-supported library in the UK.{{citation needed|date=August 2018}}

There is a cinema at Westbrook, and another is being constructed as part of a town centre redevelopment. There are several parks (see also Parks in Warrington) and designated nature reserves at Woolston Eyes, Risley Moss, Rixton Claypits and Paddington Meadows.

Museums

A heritage centre for the village of Lymm was given planning permission in February 2016.^[38]

Events

A number of festivals, carnivals and walking days are held annually in the Warrington area. Warrington Walking Day – originally a Sunday school festival – is held on the closest Friday to the last day of June, and the town centre is closed to traffic as churches walk together through the streets.^[39]

Music

Regular series of free classical music concerts take place in Holy Trinity Church, organised by the WACIDOM.^[40] This charity is also responsible for the biennial Warrington Competition for Young Musicians, held at Arley Hall. Regular classical recitals also take place at Walton Hall and St Wilfrid's Church, Grappenhall. Warrington also has many musical groups, including Warrington Male Voice Choir, Gemini Musical Theatre Company (formerly Warrington Light Opera), Warrington Youth Orchestra, North Cheshire Wind Orchestra, Centenary Theatre Company and the award-winning barbershop chorus, the Cheshire Chord Company.

Warrington is fortunate to have its own purpose-built concert hall, the Parr Hall, which is home to a large and internationally famous concert pipe-organ made by the great nineteenth-century French organ-builder Aristide Cavaillé-Coll.

A number of rock and pop musicians are associated with Warrington. Madchester pioneers The Stone Roses are closely associated with the town, particularly the native lead singer Ian Brown. Other artists include Spike Dawbarn from 90's music act band 911, Kerry Katona of Atomic Kitten, Ben Byrne and James Stelfox from Starsailor and Tim Bowness of No-Man. The band Viola Beach (whose single "Swings & Waterslides" posthumously entered the UK Singles Chart at number 11) were formed in Warrington.

The Hit Man and Her TV Show featuring producer Pete Waterman (of Stock Aitken Waterman) and Michaela Strachan debuted and regularly returned to the Mr Smiths nightclub in Warrington.

Warrington is home to Neighbourhood Weekender music festival^[41] which takes place on Victoria Park during the May bank holiday weekend. The event was first launched in 2018 and was a huge success with over 50,000 attending the event over the two days. The event is scheduled to return in 2019 due to the success.

Heritage

The historic core of Warrington contains many significant heritage assets such as Warrington Town Hall, St Elphin's Church and Warrington Museum situated with Conservation Areas.

In a 2015 study by the Royal Society of Arts, Warrington scored lowest of all authorities in the UK in terms of heritage assets, and the town was described in the national press as "the least cultural place in Britain".^[42]^[43]^[44]

Education

Higher education

The University of Chester has a campus at Padgate that was formerly part of Warrington Collegiate.

Colleges

Warrington is home to two colleges: Priestley Sixth Form and Community College and Warrington Collegiate. A University Technical College is now open and is situated close to the Town Centre and is sponsored by Manchester Metropolitan University.^[45]^[46] Most of the high schools have their own post-16 provision (sixth-form).

Schools

The Manchester Japanese School (マンチェスター日本人補習授業校 Manchesutā Nihonjin Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a weekend Japanese educational programme, is held at the Language Centre at Lymm High School.^[47]

Sport

Rugby league is the town's premier sport in the form of Warrington Wolves who were historically nicknamed "The Wire"^[48] because of Warrington's history of wire making. The club moved in 2003 to the Halliwell Jones Stadium, leaving its home for over a century, Wilderspool Stadium. Warrington RLFC are the only team to have played every season in the top flight of rugby league. They recently put themselves back on the map as one of the leading rugby clubs in the country by taking home the Challenge Cup for two years running in 2009 and 2010 and a further triumph in 2012. This was won by them for the first time since 1974.^[49] They also reached the Cup Finals in 2016 & 2018, where they lost to Hull FC & Catalans Dragons Respectively. 2011 also saw the Wolves gain the Super League Leaders Shield for the first time (which they won again in 2016), and 2012 saw them appearing in the Super League Grand Final for the first time versus Leeds Rhinos with the chance to become only the third team to win the Challenge Cup/Grand Final double – however, they lost. They also reached the Grand Final again in 2013, 2016 * 2018, losing to Wigan Warriors on all occasions, Warringtons' last domestic title came in 1955, when they beat Oldham at Manchester Citys' Maine Road. Warrington is represented in the British Amateur Rugby League Association leagues by;

Football is represented by Warrington Town at Cantilever Park, next to the Manchester Ship Canal. The club has several nicknames including Town, Yellows and The Wire. Warrington Town are currently in the Northern Premier League Premier Division following promotion in 2016. Warringtons' biggest coupe was in the 2014 FA Cup where they reached the first round proper for the first time, whilst in the eighth tier, Warrington drew Exeter City of the fourth tier who were at the time of the game 100 places above the yellows. The match was selected to be shown live on BBC One and sold out Canteliver Park. Warrington famously won the game 1–0 causing a huge giant-killing. Unfortunately in the second round Warrington were beaten by 5th tier Gateshead.

Rowing in Warrington may well have been taking place for nearly 200 years. It is known that Warrington Regatta is well over 150 years old, often attracting large crowds on the riverbank.

The modern Warrington rowing club started in the mid-1980s and is based near Kingsway Bridge. Warrington is home to both recreational and competitive rowers with some of these athletes now winning national standard events and will be pulling on international vests, Olivia Whitlam along with Richard Egington, were the first rowers from Warrington at the Olympics. The club is now bigger than ever with a large number of juniors, seniors and veterans and is just about to embark on its next project – a new boathouse with state-of-the-art facilities for both the club and local community. Warrington Rowing Club is an accredited Explore Rowing club, which is part of a national strategy led by British Rowing. The purpose of this scheme is to introduce rowing to as many people as possible irrespective of whether they want to take up the sport competitively or on a recreational basis.

Warrington Athletic Club is based at Victoria Park, where a new eight-lane synthetic track was built in 1998, after the original track was destroyed in a fire the previous year.

Speedway racing, formerly known as Dirt Track racing was staged in Warrington in its pioneering era between 1928 and 1930. The track entered a team in the 1929 English Dirt Track League and the 1930 Northern League. Efforts to revive the venue in 1947 failed to materialise.

Warrington Wolves Basketball team was set up in 2009 and competes in the English Basketball League Division Four.

Warrington has four predominant Rugby Union teams; Warrington RUFC, Lymm RFC, Gentlemen of Moore RUFC and Eagle RUFC, who are based at Thornton Road.

Media

Warrington's longest established newspaper is the Warrington Guardian. Published weekly and costing £1, it is currently owned by Newsquest and has sales of just over 17,000.^[50] Bridge Foot based Orbit News Ltd produce a monthly free news magazine, Warrington Worldwide, as well as six community magazines and a news website. The free monthly newspaper South Warrington News is also distributed in the southern half of the borough.

Community radio station Radio Warrington broadcasts from a studio in Warrington Retail Market.^[51] They hold an AM licence and have received planning permission for a transmitter, however, their broadcasts are currently only available online. Independent Local Radio station Wire FM, now based in Orrell, also serves the Warrington area.

Landmarks

Notable residents

Up to 1700

1700 to 1800

1800 to 1900

1900 to 1950

1950 to date

Music

Sport

Twin towns

Warrington is twinned with Hilden, Germany and Nachod, Czech Republic.^[128] The villages of Lymm and Culcheth within the borough are twinned with Meung-sur-Loire, France and Saint-Leu-la-Foret, France respectively.^[129]^[130]

See also

Notes

1. ^
2. ^{{cite web | url = http://smartnews.warrington.gov.uk/index.asp?37290 | title = Tribute to famous Warringtonian Joseph Priestley | publisher = Warrington Borough Council Smartnews. NB: In addition to verifying the notability of J Priestley, this reference demonstrates the use of the term Warringtonian | author = Gary Jenkins (Senior Communications Officer, Warrington Borough Council)}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.warrington.gov.uk/info/201120/population_facts_and_figures/1072/facts_and_figures_for_warrington|title=Population Facts and Figures|work=Warrington Borough Council|accessdate=29 March 2017}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.arrivabus.co.uk/north-west/places/warrington/?tax=38011|title=Your guide to Warrington bus services and attractions from Arriva|last=mbH|first=HaCon Ingenieurges.|website=www.arrivabus.co.uk|language=en|access-date=5 July 2018}}
5. ^{{cite book|last1=Hinchcliffe|first1=J.|last2=Williams|first2=J.H.|title=Roman Warrington: Excavations at Wilderspool 1966–9 & 1976, Brigantia Monograph No 2|publisher=Manchester University|year=1992}}
6. ^{{Cite web|title = Famous firsts, figures and important dates|url = https://www.warrington.gov.uk/info/201142/local_history_and_heritage/53/famous_firsts_figures_and_important_dates/3|website = www.warrington.gov.uk|access-date = 20 February 2016|language = en|first = Sian|last = Evans|deadurl = yes|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20160302182300/https://www.warrington.gov.uk/info/201142/local_history_and_heritage/53/famous_firsts_figures_and_important_dates/3|archivedate = 2 March 2016|df = dmy-all}}
7. ^{{Cite web|title = Planning policy documents {{!}} Warrington Borough Council|url = https://www.warrington.gov.uk/downloads/file/8653/church_street_conservation_area_appraisal|website = www.warrington.gov.uk|access-date = 20 February 2016|first = Warrington Borough|last = Council}}
8. ^{{Cite web|title = Planning policy documents {{!}} Warrington Borough Council|url = https://www.warrington.gov.uk/downloads/file/8651/bridge_street_conservation_area_appraisal|website = www.warrington.gov.uk|access-date = 20 February 2016|first = Warrington Borough|last = Council}}
9. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.warrington.gov.uk/info/201142/local-history-and-heritage/53/famous-firsts-figures-and-important-dates|title=Famous firsts, figures and important dates|last=Evans|first=Sian|website=www.warrington.gov.uk|language=en|access-date=5 July 2018}}
10. ^ROF Risley
11. ^http://www.eswd.eu/cgi-bin/eswd.cgi
12. ^{{cite web|title=Townships: Warrington, A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 3 |year=1907|pages= 316–324|url=http://www.british-history.ac.uk/report.aspx?compid=41338 |accessdate= 10 August 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-england/vinf-no/la-KING58.htm|title=5th/8th Battalion, The King's Regiment|publisher=Regiments.org|accessdate=8 September 2017|deadurl=bot: unknown|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070816074532/http://www.regiments.org/regiments/uk/volmil-england/vinf-no/la-KING58.htm|archivedate=16 August 2007}}
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15. ^https://www.gov.uk/government/news/eleven-areas-bid-to-be-uk-city-of-culture-2021
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24. ^Includes hunting and forestry.
25. ^Includes energy and construction.
26. ^Includes financial intermediation services indirectly measured.
27. ^Components may not sum to totals due to rounding.
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History

Early history

English Civil War

Industrial history

Second World War

Post-war expansion

IRA bombing

Other history

Governance

History

Warrington Borough Council

Parish Councils

National Representation

Geography

Subdivisions, suburbs and civil parishes of Warrington

Civil parishes

Other areas

Climate

Green belt

Demography

Population and ethnicity

Housing and social situation

Employment and education

Economy

Retail

Leisure

Developments

Transport

Warrington Bus Interchange

Culture

Museums

Events

Music

Heritage

Education

Higher education

Colleges

Schools

Sport

Media

Landmarks

Notable residents

Up to 1700

1700 to 1800

1800 to 1900

1900 to 1950

1950 to date

Music

Sport

Twin towns

See also

Notes

References

Further reading

External links