| 词条 | Band-tailed pigeon |
| 释义 |
| name = Band-tailed pigeon | image = Patagioenas fasciata -San Luis Obispo, California, USA-8 (1).jpg | image_caption = In San Luis Obispo, California, USA | status = LC | status_system = IUCN3.1 | status_ref = [1] | genus = Patagioenas | species = fasciata | authority = (Say, 1823) | synonyms = Columba fasciata (Say, 1823) Northern band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata) Southern band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas albilinea) | range_map = Patagioenas fasciata map.svg }} The band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata)[2] is a medium-sized bird of the Americas. Its closest relatives are the Chilean pigeon, passenger pigeon and the ring-tailed pigeon, which form a clade of Patagioenas with a terminal tail band and iridescent plumage on their necks.[3] There are at least 8 sub-species, and some authorities split this species into the northern band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas fasciata)[4] and the southern band-tailed pigeon (Patagioenas albilinea).[5][2] It ranges from British Columbia, Washington, Oregon, California, and southern Arizona south in higher elevations through Mexico and Central America to northern Argentina. In autumn it migrates out of its permanent resident range into northern California, New Mexico, and parts of Utah and Colorado. It is found from almost sea level to {{convert|3600|m|ft|abbr=on|-3}}, generally in oak, pine-oak, and coniferous forests. It feeds on seeds, notably acorns, as well as berries and small fruits. DescriptionIt is the biggest pigeon in North America, measuring {{convert|33|to|40|cm|in|abbr=on}} long and weighing {{convert|225|-|515|g|oz|abbr=on}}.[7] The coastal subspecies P. f. monilis (averaging {{convert|392|g|oz|abbr=on}}) is larger than the inland subspecies (averaging {{convert|340|g|oz|abbr=on}}).[7] The plumage is gray, somewhat darker above. The head and underparts have a faint pink cast, especially in the adult male; the belly is nearly white. The distal half of the tail is also pale (except in the subspecies of Baja California), whence the English name. The bill and feet are yellow, good identification marks at sufficiently close range. Adults have green iridescence on the back of the neck, adjacent to a thin white collar on the nape. Juvenile birds have white feather edges above, giving a scaly appearance. Behavior and ecologyThis species is relatively quiet for a pigeon. Its voice is low-pitched and owl-like, often in two-syllable calls that rise and then fall (huu-ooh) with even spacing between calls.[10] It also makes a variety of harsh squawking sounds for a variety of reasons. It builds a rudimentary platform nest out of twigs, in which it lays one or two eggs. Outside the breeding season it forms flocks, sometimes over 50 birds, and often becomes nomadic, following the acorn crop or moving to lower altitudes or other areas outside its breeding range. They commonly congregate at and drink from mineral springs, although it is not fully understood why. In addition to acorns and other seeds, the band-tailed pigeon will seasonally consume fruits such as Pacific madrona and Toyon berries.[11] This species often visits bird feeders. The parasitic louse Columbicola extinctus, believed to have become extinct with the extinction of the passenger pigeon, was recently rediscovered on the band-tailed pigeon. The band-tailed pigeon is the closest genetic relative of the passenger pigeon and has been investigated for being used in efforts to bring back that extinct species.[12] References1. ^{{IUCN|id=22725264 |title=Patagioenas fasciata |assessor=BirdLife International |assessor-link=BirdLife International |version=2014.2 |year=2014 |accessdate=1 November 2014}} [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]2. ^{{cite web|last1=National Geographic|title=Band-Tailed Pigeon|url=http://www.nationalgeographic.com/animals/birds/b/band-tailed-pigeon/|website=National Geographic - Animals - Birds|publisher=National Geographic Society|accessdate=18 September 2017|ref=National Geographic book Complete Birds of North America, 2006}} 3. ^1 {{cite web |year=2014 |title=Species factsheet: Patagioenas fasciata |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/22725264 |publisher = BirdLife International |accessdate=1 November 2014}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |year=2014 |title=Species factsheet: Patagioenas albilinea |url=http://www.birdlife.org/datazone/species/factsheet/22725270 | publisher = BirdLife International |accessdate=1 November 2014}} 5. ^1 2 {{cite book |title=CRC Handbook of Avian Body Masses |editor-first=John B. |editor-last=Dunning Jr. |publisher=CRC Press |year=1992 |isbn=978-0-8493-4258-5}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|last=Hogan |first=C. Michael |year=2008 |title=Toyon (Heteromeles arbutifolia) |publisher=Global Twitcher |editor-first=N. |editor-last=Stromberg |url=http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=84109&lang=us |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090719220426/http://globaltwitcher.auderis.se/artspec_information.asp?thingid=84109&lang=us |archivedate=2009-07-19 |df= }} 7. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Johnson |first1=Kevin P. |last2=de Kort |first2=Selvino |last3=Dinwoodey |first3=Karen |last4=Mateman |first4=A.C. |last5=ten Cate |first5=Carel |last6=Lessells |first6=C.M. |last7=Clayton |first7=Dale H. |year=2001 |title=A molecular phylogeny of the dove genera Streptopelia and Columba |journal=Auk |volume=118 |issue=4 |pages=874–887 |url=http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~kjohnson/kpj_pdfs/Auk.2001.pdf |doi=10.2307/4089839}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal |last1=Mahler |first1=Bettina |last2=Tubaro |first2=Pablo L. |year=2001 |title=Relationship between song characters and morphology in New World pigeons |journal=Biological Journal of the Linnean Society |volume=74 |issue=4 |pages=533–539 |doi=10.1006/bijl.2001.0596}} 9. ^1 {{cite news |last=Rich |first=Nathaniel |title=The Mammoth Cometh |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/02/magazine/the-mammoth-cometh.html |accessdate=28 February 2014 |newspaper=The New York Times |date=27 February 2014}} 10. ^1 {{cite book |last=Sibley |first= David Allen |authorlink=David Allen Sibley |date=2000 |title=The Sibley Guide to Birds |location=New York |publisher=Knopf |page=260 |isbn=0-679-45122-6}} }}{{refbegin}}
External links{{Commons category|Patagioenas fasciata}}{{Wikispecies|Patagioenas fasciata}}
8 : Patagioenas|Native birds of Western Canada|Native birds of the Western United States|Birds of Central America|Birds of the Northern Andes|Birds of Trinidad and Tobago|Birds of Venezuela|Birds described in 1823 |
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