| 词条 | Western Center |
| 释义 |
| name = Western Center | org/group = Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare | image = | alt = | image_size = | caption = | map_type = Pennsylvania | map_size = 225 | map_alt = A map showing the Western Center in Pennsylvania | map_caption = A map showing the Western Center's location in Pennsylvania | coordinates = {{coord|40.27436|-80.16642|display=inline,title}} | logo = | logo_size = | location = Cecil Township | region = Washington County | state = Pennsylvania | country = US | type = | speciality = | founded = | closed = 2000 | demolished = 2011 }}Western State School and Hospital, commonly known as Western Center, was a state-run mental hospital and reform school near Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. It is best known as an institution serving people with intellectual disabilities. At various times during its existence, it was also known as the Pennsylvania Reform School, Youth Development Center of Canonsburg and The House of Refuge. Locally, it was called Morganza.[1] It was a well-known part of the Canonsburg community, appearing as a stop on tours during community festivals.[2] The exterior of the Western Center's administration building was used as the setting for Baltimore State Hospital for the Criminally Insane, where Hannibal Lecter was incarcerated, in the 1991 film The Silence of the Lambs.[3] History and closureIn 1986, the Washington County Redevelopment Authority acquired land around the Western Center.[4] The areas was ideal because of its access to Interstate 79, its proximity to Pittsburgh, and low tax rates.[4] In 1992, the Western Center was the subject of a lawsuit brought by disability advocates against the Pennsylvania Department of Public Welfare; the lawsuit resulted in a settlement that permitted the state to move residents to community-based facilities.[5] In 1993, the Washington County Redevelopment Authority began construction on its property near the Western Center, building what would become Phase I of Southpointe.[4] The state decided to close the facility in 1998 and began making plans to move its remaining 380 residents to community-based facilities.[5] The final closure came in 2000, with the 56 remaining residents moved to temporary housing before final placement in community-based facilities throughout Western Pennsylvania.[5] The closing, the timing of which came as a surprise, was controversial, especially because the temporary locations were frequently to far-flung locations, including state's Ebensburg Center.[5] The employee's union, residents' families, and the original litigants in the 1992 lawsuit sued unsuccessfully to stop the move.[5] Many of the residents were moved to community-based facilities run by Allegheny Valley School.[6] The final building, the administration building, was demolished in late 2011. The land around the former center was eventually resorbed into Southpointe, with the actual location of the facility being re-developed with brownfield status.[7] By 2013, Phase II of Southpointe was completed, with the phases totaling {{convert|800|acre|ha}}.[4] A third phase is planned for the other side of Interstate 79, to be called Cool Valley Industrial Park.[4] ReputationIn 2011, David E. Stuart, a professor at University of New Mexico who had been an employee of the Western Center during the 1960s, wrote a book based on his experiences.[8] In the book, Stuart describes the history of abuse and neglect that the Western Center had become known for.[8] In fact, during the 1950s and 1960s, local parents seeking to discipline their children threatened to send them to "Morganza" if they did not behave.[9] In 2014, Christopher R Barraclough, wrote a book ,Morganza: Pennsylvania's Reform School, about the history of the reform school. Morganza: Pennsylvania's Reform School is part of the "Images of America" series books published by Arcadia Publishing. References1. ^1 {{cite map |publisher =Library of Congress |title = Canonsburg, Washington County, Pennsylvania 1897|url =https://www.loc.gov/item/73693122 |edition = |section = |accessdate = October 6, 2013}} 2. ^{{cite news | title =Canonsburg kicking up its heels for big Perry Como weekend | newspaper =Observer-Reporter | date =May 13, 1999 | url =https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=VGpeAAAAIBAJ&sjid=QWENAAAAIBAJ&dq=morganza%20canonsburg&pg=1381%2C5170310 | accessdate =October 6, 2013 }} 3. ^{{cite web|last=Kirsch|first=Tom|title=Western Center – Abandoned Photography|url=http://opacity.us/site108_western_center.htm|work=Opacity|accessdate=March 11, 2014}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news | last =Barcousky | first =Len | title =Industrial parks, communities create productive partnerships | newspaper =Pittsburgh Post-Gazette| date =July 25, 2013 | url =http://www.post-gazette.com/stories/local/neighborhoods-south/industrial-parks-communities-create-productive-partnerships-696746/ | accessdate = August 14, 2013}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news| last =Ackerman | first =Jan | title = State closing home for mentally retarded amid continued appeals, protests | newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | publisher = | date =April 12, 2000 | url =http://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20000412western1.asp | accessdate =October 6, 2013 }} 6. ^{{cite news | last =Rotstein | first =Gary | title = Group homes set to receive Western Center residents | newspaper=Pittsburgh Post-Gazette | publisher = | date =April 12, 2000 | url =http://old.post-gazette.com/regionstate/20000412allegheny5.asp | accessdate = October 6, 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web | title =ADMINISTRATION BUILDING - WESTERN CENTER G3CCOQOO | work =Facility Registry System | publisher =United States Environmental Protection Agency | date = | url =http://iaspub.epa.gov/enviro/fii_query_detail.disp_program_facility?p_registry_id=110038755549 | format =Database search | accessdate = October 6, 2013}} 8. ^1 {{cite book | last =Stuart | first =David E. | title = The Morganza, 1967: Life in a Legendary Reform School | publisher =University of New Mexico Press | date =October 16, 2011 | isbn =978-0826346414}} 9. ^{{cite news | title = Morganza empty threat to the kids | newspaper =Observer-Reporter | date =July 8, 2004 | url = | accessdate = }} External links{{Portal|Pittsburgh}}{{commons category}}
3 : Canonsburg, Pennsylvania|Psychiatric hospitals in Pennsylvania|Defunct hospitals in Pennsylvania |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。