| 词条 | Tyneham | ||||
| 释义 |
| official_name=Tyneham | civil_parish=Steeple with Tyneham | country=England | region=South West England | static_image_name= Tyneham church.JPG | static_image_caption= Tyneham St Mary's Church – 2009 | population = 0 | population_ref = (2001 Census) | os_grid_reference=SY885805 | coordinates = {{coord|50.623|-2.169|display=inline,title}} | post_town= WAREHAM | postcode_area= BH | postcode_district= BH20 | dial_code= | constituency_westminster= South Dorset | shire_district= Purbeck | shire_county=Dorset }}Tyneham is a ghost village and former civil parish, now in the civil parish of Steeple with Tyneham, in south Dorset, England, near Lulworth on the Isle of Purbeck. In 2001 the civil parish had a population of 0. The civil parish was abolished on 1 April 2014 and merged with Steeple to form Steeple with Tyneham.[1] LocationThe village is situated northeast of Worbarrow Bay on the Jurassic Coast, about {{convert|3.7|mi}} south of Wareham and about {{convert|9.9|mi}} west of Swanage. The village lies in a secluded east-west valley between two ridges of the Purbeck Hills. To the north is the main ridge with Povington Hill ({{convert|191|m|ft|disp=comma|abbr=on}}) and its highest point, Ridgeway Hill ({{convert|199|m|ft|disp=comma|abbr=on}}). To the south is the ridge above Gad Cliff that runs from the headland of Worbarrow Tout in the west to the knoll of Tyneham Cap ({{convert|167|m|ft|disp=comma|abbr=on}}) in the east.[2] AccessTyneham is only accessible when the Lulworth Ranges are open to the public. The military firing ranges are owned by the Ministry of Defence (MoD) and are part of the Armoured Fighting Vehicles Gunnery School. Safety warnings about explosives and unexploded shells are posted at Mupe Bay by the MoD: visitors are advised to keep to official footpaths and observe local site notices because tanks and armoured vehicles are used in this area.[3] HistoryEvidence of Roman occupation has been found on several occasions in the valley around Tyneham and there have been fishing communities associated with the parish since the Iron Age. It seems that it was once the possession of Robert, Count of Mortain the half-brother of William I of England. The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Tigeham, meaning "goat enclosure". A century later, the village was known as Tiham and only in later times as Tyneham. The limestone church of St Mary dates from the 13th Century.{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} In 1683 Nathaniel Bond (1634–1707) of Lutton acquired Tyneham from the Williams family. He also bought Creech Grange in 1691[4] and the family still hold their Purbeck estates. Tyneham school was established by the Reverend Nathaniel Bond (1804–89) in 1860. It was later declared as property of the rectory and was closed in 1932 due to lack of pupils. The village and {{convert|7500|acre|km2}} of surrounding heathland and chalk downland around the Purbeck Hills, were requisitioned just before Christmas 1943 by the then War Office (now MoD) for use as firing ranges for training troops.[5] 225 people were displaced,[6] the last person leaving a poignant notice on the church door: {{quote|Please treat the church and houses with care; we have given up our homes where many of us lived for generations to help win the war to keep men free. We shall return one day and thank you for treating the village kindly.[7]}}This measure was supposed to be temporary for the duration of World War II, but in 1948 the Army placed a compulsory purchase order on the land and it has remained in use for military training ever since.[8] Although littered with scrap used as targets, and subject to regular shelling, the land has become a haven for wildlife as it has been free from farming and development. In 1975, after complaints from tourists and locals, the Ministry of Defence began opening the village and footpaths across the ranges at weekends and throughout August. Many of the village buildings have fallen into disrepair or have been damaged by shelling and in 1967 the then Ministry of Works pulled down the Elizabethan manor house, though the church remains intact, and has a stained-glass window by Martin Travers. The church and school house have since been preserved as museums.[7] In 2008, Tyneham Farm was reopened to the public and conservation work there is ongoing. In 1985 the village was used for the filming of Comrades, which depicts the story of the Tolpuddle Martyrs. The church had a fibreglass tower and large additional gravestones, and Post Office Row was fronted with fibreglass cottages.[7] During the filming Tyneham's original 1929 K1 Mark 236 telephone kiosk was destroyed and the film company sourced a replacement.[9] The village is the setting for the climax to the comic-thriller Angel's Share by Mike Ripley (2006).{{citation needed|date=November 2018}} GallerySee also
References1. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.lgbce.org.uk/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/26104/PurbeckOrder-2014-01-15.pdf|title=The Purbeck District Council (Reorganisation of Community Governance) Order 2014|publisher= Lgbce|accessdate= 9 March 2018}} 2. ^Ordnance Survey 1:50,000 Landranger map series no. 195, 2015 3. ^{{cite web |title= Safety and access restrictions: Lulworth ranges |publisher= Ministry of Defence |first= |last= Ministry of Defence |month= |year=2003 |url= http://www.mod.uk/DefenceInternet/AboutDefence/WhatWeDo/DefenceEstateandEnvironment/AccessRecreation/SafetyAndAccessRestrictions.htm |accessdate=16 November 2010}} 4. ^{{cite web |last= Ferris |first= John |authorlink= |author2= |year= 2004 |url= http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/2830 |title= Oxford Dictionary of National Biography |format= |work= |publisher= Oxford University Press |accessdate= 16 November 2010}} 5. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.weymouth-dorset.co.uk/tyneham.html |title= Dorset's Lost Village |publisher= Weymouth-Dorset.co.uk |accessdate= 16 November 2010}} 6. ^Tyneham & Worbarrow – As time passed by... Retrieved 29 June 2014 7. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.bbc.co.uk/dorset/content/articles/2008/12/10/tyneham_feature.shtml|title=Tyneham – Dorset's ghost village|publisher=BBC|year=2008|accessdate=16 November 2010}} 8. ^{{cite book |last= Wright |first= Patrick |title= The Village That Died for England |publisher= Faber & Faber, Limited |year= 2005 |ISBN= 978-0-571-21441-9}} 9. ^Tyneham & Worbarrow, tynehamopc.org.uk; retrieved 29 June 2014. External links{{Commons category|Tyneham}}{{Wikisource|Letter from the War Department to the residents of Tyneham}}
8 : Forcibly depopulated communities in the United Kingdom|Former civil parishes in Dorset|Former populated places in Dorset|Ghost towns in England|History of Dorset|Isle of Purbeck|Jurassic Coast|Villages in Dorset |
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