| 词条 | Wheelchair cushion |
| 释义 |
Wheelchair cushions are cushions specifically designed to provide comfort and protection against injury for wheelchair users. They also aid in properly positioning the user in the correct posture. Wheelchair users are at great risk for pressure sores.[1] A number of factors are included in the formation of these ulcers including:
A number of studies point to interface pressure between the body and the seating surface as the primary contributor to the formation of pressure sores.[1] In response, manufacturers have developed a number of wheelchair seat cushion alternatives. Over 200 models of wheelchair cushions were on the market{{where|date=October 2014}} as of 2001.[6]{{needs update|date=January 2017}} CharacteristicsVarious characteristics, combined with a number of cover material options, offer a myriad of possibilities, which can be manipulated to provide various performance properties. These properties are intended to provide the wheelchair user optimal comfort, stability, and postural support, as well as aid in the prevention of pressure ulcers.[6] The effectiveness of a particular choice of material and design has high variance with respect to a user's medical needs and activities. For instance, if a wheelchair user frequently moves on rough surfaces, gel cushions are less optimal as they are not as effective at absorbing impact.[7] Sprigle et al. proposed the following criteria for defining and describing cushion characteristics:[6]
Design examples{{Gallery|File:Convoluted Foam.JPG|Convoluted foam cushion |File:Segmented Foam.JPG|Segmented foam cushion |File:Low Profile Segmented Air.JPG|Low profile segmented air cushion |File:High Profile Segmented Air.JPG|High profile segmented air cushion |File:Foam and Viscoelastic Foam.JPG|Foam and viscoelastic foam cushion |File:Foam and Viscous Fluid.JPG|Foam and viscous fluid cushion |File:Honeycomb Matrix.JPG|Honeycomb cushion }} References1. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Ferrarin|first1=M|last2=Andreoni|first2=G|last3=Pedotti|first3=A|title=Comparative biomechanical evaluation of different wheelchair seat cushions|journal=Journal of rehabilitation research and development|date=2000|volume=37|issue=3|pages=315–24}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Kosiak|first1=M|title=Etiology of decubitus ulcers|journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil|date=1961|pages=19–29}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Stewart|first1=SFC|last2=Palmieri|first2=V|last3=Cochran|first3=GVB|title=Wheel chair cushion effect on skin temperature, heat flux, and relative humidity|journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil|date=1980|volume=61|pages=229–33}} 4. ^{{cite journal|last1=Finestone|first1=HM|last2=Levine|first2=SP|last3=Carlson|first3=GA|last4=Chizinsky|first4=KA|last5=Kett|first5=RL|title=Erythema and skin temperature following continuous sitting in spinal cord injured individuals|journal=J Rehabil Res Dev|date=1991|volume=28|issue=4|pages=27–32}} 5. ^{{cite journal|last1=Bennet|first1=L|last2=Kavner|first2=D|last3=Lee|first3=BK|last4=Trainor|first4=FA|title=Shear vs . pressure as causitive factors in skin blood occlusion|journal=Arch Phys Med Rehabil|date=1979|volume=60|pages=309–14}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last1=Sprigle|first1=Stephen|last2=Press|first2=Larry|last3=Davis|first3=Kim|title=Development of uniform terminology and procedures to describe wheelchair cushion characteristics|journal=J Rehabil Res Dev|date=2001|volume=38|issue=4|pages=449–61}} 7. ^{{cite web|last1=Fleming|first1=Joe|title=Wheelchair Cushion: Selection and Maintenance|url=https://www.vivehealth.com/pages/wheelchair-cushion-selection-maintenance|website=Vive Health|accessdate=6 January 2017}} 1 : Wheelchairs |
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