| 词条 | White Chapel Memorial Cemetery |
| 释义 |
| name = White Chapel Memorial Cemetery | image = | imagesize = | caption = | map_type = | map_size = | map_caption = | established = 1948 | country = United States | location = Troy, Michigan | coordinates = {{coord|42.58560|-83.16360|display=inline}} | type = Cemetery | style = | owner = | size = | graves = | interments = | cremations = | leases = | website = {{URL|http://www.whitechapelcemetery.com/}} | findagraveid= 1612418 }} White Chapel Memorial Cemetery or simply White Chapel Cemetery is a memorial cemetery in Troy, Oakland County, Michigan. Polar Bear MemorialThe state of Michigan dedicated a memorial on May 30, 1930, honoring the U.S. Army's Polar Bear Expedition. It recognizes the efforts of the American North Russia Expeditionary Force (ANREF) against the Bolshevik Red Army in North Russia during 1918 and 1919.[1] The remains of 56 ANREF soldiers exhumed from Russia were on this occasion re-buried in plots surrounding the Polar Bear Monument by sculptor Leon Hermant.[2][3] DiscriminationOn August 10, 1960, an honorably discharged 66-year-old World War I veteran, George Vincent Nash, was removed from resting alongside his Caucasian wife at the White Chapel Cemetery.[4][5] The action took place immediately following the graveside service because Nash was a full-blooded Ho-Chunk (also known as Winnebago) or Native American.[6] The explanation was that 40,000 plot owners "had paid for the restriction" for the type of people that could be buried at White Chapel Cemetery.[7] According to the cemetery's officials, corpses had to be at least 75% Caucasian to be buried at White Chapel.[8] The governor, G. Mennen Williams, was concerned about the legality of the cemetery's actions.[9] However, the Michigan state legislatures in both 1961 and 1962, failed to pass bills that would have prohibited cemeteries to discriminate who could be interred in them on the basis of race.[6] Notable burials
Other burials
More names at: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gsr&GSsr=201&GScid=1612418& Notes1. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1kmdny7KqEQC&pg=PA69&dq=memorial+White+Chapel+Polar+Bears+expeditionary+force |page=69 |title=A Motor City year |first=John |last=Sobczak |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=2009 |isbn=9780814334102 |accessdate=18 March 2013 }} 2. ^{{cite web|url= http://pbma.grobbel.org/burials.htm |title=Burials at the Polar Bear Monument, White Chapel Cemetery, Troy, Michigan |date=30 May 1930 |accessdate=18 March 2013 }} 3. ^{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=1kmdny7KqEQC&pg=PA69&dq=memorial+White+Chapel+Polar+Bears+expeditionary+force |page=69 |title=A Motor City year |first=John |last=Sobczak |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=2009|isbn=9780814334102 |accessdate=18 March 2013 }} 4. ^{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=tv2osBIqxn4C&pg=PA18&dq=George+Vincent+Nash |page=18 |title=Boneyards: Detroit under ground|first=Richard |last=Bak |publisher=Wayne State University Press |isbn=9780814333532 |year=2010 |accessdate=18 March 2013 }} 5. ^{{cite newspaper|title=INDIAN DENIED BURIAL; Barred From Cemetery in Detroit Because of Race |newspaper=The New York Times |date=12 August 1960 |accessdate=18 March 2013 }} 6. ^1 {{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=dTfA5R1m0XoC&pg=PA155&dq=white+chapel+memorial+cemetery+michigan |page=155 |title=Expanding the frontiers of civil rights: Michigan, 1948 - 1968 |first=Sidney |last=Fine |publisher=Wayne State University Press |year=2000 |isbn=9780814328750 |accessdate=18 March 2013 }} 7. ^{{cite journal|url= http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,869798,00.html |title=RACES: Segregation After Death |date=22 August 1960| journal=Time |accessdate=18 March 2013 }} 8. ^{{cite book|url= https://books.google.com/books?id=48SNx_mRw3UC&pg=PA131&dq=white+chapel+memorial+cemetery+michigan |page=132 |title=History and Memory in African-American Culture |editor-first=Genevieve |editor-last=Fabre |editor2-first=Robert |editor2-last=O'Meally |publisher=Oxford University Press |year=1994 |isbn=9780195359244 |accessdate=18 March 2013 }} 9. ^{{cite news|url= https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1891&dat=19600812&id=bqIfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=vtUEAAAAIBAJ&pg=2866,1128917 |page=9 |title=Indian Denied Burial Gets Military Honors |newspaper=Gadsden Times |date=13 August 1960 |accessdate=18 March 2013 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://files.usgwarchives.net/mi/wayne/obits/m/mason805nob.txt |title=Wayne County MI Archives Obituaries ..... Mason, George W. October 8, 1954|publisher=www.usgwarchives.net |date=2 March 2009 |accessdate=18 March 2013 }} 2 : Cemeteries in Michigan|Troy, Michigan |
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