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词条 Typhlopidae
释义

  1. Geographic range

  2. Genera

     Former genera 

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2013}}{{Automatic taxobox
| name = Typhlopidae
| image = Ramphotyphlops braminus.jpg
| image_caption = Indotyphlops braminus
| display_parents = 2
| taxon = Typhlopidae
| authority = Merrem, 1820
| synonyms = * Typhlopidae Merrem, 1820
  • Typhlopina J.P. Müller, 1832
  • Typhlopsidae Gray, 1845
  • Typhlopidae – Jan, 1863
  • Typhlopidae – de Witte, 1962[1]

}}

The Typhlopidae are a family of blind snakes.[2] They are found mostly in the tropical regions of Africa, Asia, the Americas, and all mainland Australia and various islands.[3] The rostral scale overhangs the mouth to form a shovel-like burrowing structure. They live underground in burrows, and since they have no use for vision, their eyes are mostly vestigial. They have light-detecting black eye spots, and teeth occur in the upper jaw. The tail ends with a horn-like scale. Most of these species are oviparous. Currently, 18 genera are recognized containing over 200 species.[2][4]

Geographic range

They are found in most tropical and many subtropical regions all over the world, particularly in Africa, Asia, islands in the Pacific, tropical America, and southeastern Europe.[1]

Genera

Genus[2]Taxon author[2]Species[2]Common nameGeographic range[1]
AcutotyphlopsWallach, 19955Eastern Papua New Guinea and the Solomon Islands
AfrotyphlopsBroadley & Wallach, 2009[5]29sub-Saharan Africa
AmerotyphlopsHedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin, & Vidal, 201415Mexico through South America
AniliosGray, 184547Australia and New Guinea.
AntillotyphlopsHedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin, & Vidal, 201412Caribbean islands
ArgyrophisGray, 184512Asia
CubatyphlopsHedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin, & Vidal, 201412Caribbean islands
CyclotyphlopsBosch & Ineich, 19941Indonesia: Selatan Province, southern Sulawesi
GrypotyphlopsW. Peters, 1881[6]1peninsular India
IndotyphlopsHedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin, & Vidal, 201423Asia
LetheobiaCope, 1869[7]32Africa and the Middle East
MadatyphlopsHedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin, & Vidal, 201414Madagascar, the Comoro Islands, Mauritius
MalayotyphlopsHedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin, & Vidal, 201411the Philippines and Indonesia
RamphotyphlopsFitzinger, 184321long-tailed blind snakes[2]southern and southeast Asia, as well as many islands in the southern Pacific Ocean
RhinotyphlopsFitzinger, 18437Africa
SundatyphlopsHedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin, & Vidal, 20141Indonesia and East Timor
TyphlopsTOppel, 181120the West Indies
XerotyphlopsHedges, Marion, Lipp, Marin, & Vidal, 20145Palearctic
TType genus[1]

Former genera

Xenotyphlops, formerly classified in the Typhlopidae, is now classed in the Xenotyphlopidae.

See also

  • List of typhlopid species and subspecies
  • {{c|Typhlopidae by common name}}
  • {{c|Typhlopidae by taxonomic synonyms}}
  • List of snakes, overview of all snake genera

References

1. ^1 2 3 McDiarmid RW, Campbell JA, Touré TA. 1999. Snake Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, Volume 1. Washington, District of Columbia: Herpetologists' League. 511 pp. {{ISBN|1-893777-00-6}} (series). {{ISBN|1-893777-01-4}} (volume).
2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{ITIS |id=174338 |taxon=Typhlopidae |accessdate=14 August 2007}}
3. ^Shine, Richard. 2007. Australian Snakes, a Natural History. Chatswood, New South Wales: New Holland Publishers. 224 pp. {{ISBN|978-1-876334-25-3}}.
4. ^{{Cite journal|author1=Pyron, Robert Alexander |author2=Burbrink, Frank T. |author3=Wiens, John J. |year=2013|title=A phylogeny and revised classification of Squamata, including 4161 species of lizards and snakes|journal=BMC Evolutionary Biology|volume=13|issue=1|pages=93–145|doi=10.1186/1471-2148-13-93|url=http://www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1471-2148-13-93.pdf|pmid=23627680|pmc=3682911}}
5. ^{{Cite journal |author=Broadley, Donald G. |author1-link=:fr:Donald George Broadley |author2=Wallach, Van |author2-link=Van Wallach |last-author-amp=yes |year=2009 |title=A review of the eastern and southern African blind-snakes (Serpentes: Typhlopidae), excluding Letheobia Cope, with the description of two new genera and a new species|journal=Zootaxa|volume=2255|pages=1–100|url=http://www.mapress.com/zootaxa/2009/f/z02255p100f.pdf}}
6. ^Resurrected for a reclassified Rhinotyphlops acutus by Wallach (2003). {{Cite journal |author=Wallach, Van |author2=Pauwels, Olivier S. G. |author2-link=:fr:Olivier Sylvain Gérard Pauwels |last-author-amp=yes |year=2004 |title=Typhlops lazelli, a new species of Chinese blindsnake from Hong Kong (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) |journal=Breviora |number=512 |pages=1–21 |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/8788712#page/3/mode/1up |doi=10.3099/0006-9698(2004)512[1:TLANSO]2.0.CO;2 }}
7. ^Resurrected by Broadley & Wallach (2007). {{Cite journal|author=Wallach, Van |author2=Brown, R.M. |author2-link=:fr:Rafe Marion Brown |author3=Diesmos, A.C. |author3-link=:fr:Arvin Cantor Diesmos |author4=Gee, G.V.A. |last-author-amp=yes |year=2007|title=An enigmatic new species of blind snake from Luzon Island, northern Philippines, with a synopsis of the genus Acutotyphlops (Serpentes: Typhlopidae) |journal=Journal of Herpetology |volume=41 |issue=4 |pages=690–702 |url=http://www.nhm.ku.edu/rbrown/Rafes%20PDF%20publications/2007.Wallach.et.al.pdf|doi=10.1670/206-5.1}}

External links

{{Commons}}
  • {{NRDB family|page=typhlopidae.php|family=Typhlopidae|date=3 November|year=2008}}
{{Snake families}}{{Taxonbar|from=Q664781}}

3 : Typhlopidae|Snake families|Taxa named by Blasius Merrem
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