词条 | Tyrconnell |
释义 |
|native_name = {{native name|ga|Tír Chonaill}} |conventional_long_name = Tyrconnell |common_name = Tyrconnell |year_start = 5th century |year_end = 1607 |life_span = |date_start = |date_end = |event_start = |event_end = |status = Túatha |status_text = Túatha of Ailech (until 1185) |p1 = Ailech |flag_p1 = |s1 = Kingdom of Ireland |flag_s2 = Arms of Ireland (Historical).svg |image_flag = Royal Banner of O'Donnell (Tyrconnell).png |image_coat = O'Donnell.png |symbol_type = |image_map = Ulster Early 16th Century.png |image_map_caption = Tyrconnell {{circa|15th–16th centuries|i=yes}}. |national_motto = |today = {{flag|Ireland}} {{flag|United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland}} |capital = Kilmacrennan (royal inaugurations) and Donegal Castle (later seat of O'Donnell dynasty) |common_languages = Irish |government_type = Elective monarchy |title_leader = King / Chief |leader1 = Conall Gulban (first) |year_leader1 = d. 464 |leader2 = {{lang|ga|Rudhraighe Ó Domhnaill}} (last) |year_leader2 = 1602–1607 |stat_year1 = |stat_area1 = |stat_pop1 = |currency = |footnotes = }} Tyrconnell ({{Irish place name|Tír Chonaill|Land of Conall}}), also spelled Tirconnell, was a kingdom of Gaelic Ireland, associated geographically with present-day County Donegal in Ulster, which has sometimes been called County Tyrconnell. At times it also included parts of County Fermanagh, County Sligo, County Leitrim, County Tyrone and County Londonderry at its greatest extent. The kingdom represented the core homeland of the Cenél Conaill people of the Northern Uí Néill and although they ruled, there were smaller groups of other Gaels in the area. From the 5th century founding of Cenél Conaill, the tuatha was a sub-unit of the larger kingdom of Ailech, along with their Cenél nEógain cousins, fellow descendants of Niall of the Nine Hostages. Their initial ascent had coincided with the decline of the Ulaid, whose kingdom of Ulster receded to the north-east coast. In the 12th century the kingdom of Ailech split into two sovereign territories and Cenél Conaill became Tír Chonaill under the Ó Domhnaill (O'Donnell) clan. It was the location of fighting during Tyrone's Rebellion at the end of the 15th Century. It continued to exist until the 17th century when it was incorporated into the English-ruled Kingdom of Ireland following the Flight of the Earls. GeographicallyIt lay in the area now more commonly referred to as County Donegal, although the kingdom and later principality of Tyrconnell was larger than that, including parts of Sligo, Leitrim (in present-day Republic of Ireland), Tyrone, Fermanagh and a southern part of Londonderry (in present-day Northern Ireland). According to Geoffrey Keating, it included{{when|date=December 2015}} the baronies of Carbury ({{lang|ga|Cairbre}}, in County Sligo), Rosclogher ({{lang|ga|Dartrighe}}, in County Leitrim), and Magheraboy ({{lang|ga|Machaire Bui}}, mainly Toorah or Tuath Ratha) and Firlurg ({{lang|ga|Lorg}}, in County Fermanagh). As such it had a size varying between that of Corsica (8,680 km2) and Lebanon (10,452 km2). Associated aristocracyAlthough the elective Chieftaincy of O'Donnell is extinct since the abolition of Tanistry and Brehon Law, the Chief of the Name is known as The O'Donnell of Tyrconnell, as recognised by the Chief Herald of Ireland, as the legitimate successor in a putative sequence of Chiefs of the Name (by male primogeniture), and will default to the Duke of Tetuan in Spain in succession to the current Chief, a Franciscan priest, who has no eligible progeny. The Hereditary Seneschal of Tyrconnell (currently vested in a living O'Donnell, who was already ennobled as a Knight of Malta, and who inherited the Seneschalship from his father), survives under the auspices of the Hereditary Great Seneschal or Lord High Steward of Ireland, currently Charles Chetwynd-Talbot, 22nd Earl of Shrewsbury, senior direct descendant of George Carpenter, 2nd Earl of Tyrconnell (of the 4th creation), and senior kin of Richard Talbot, Duke of Tyrconnel. Diocese of RaphoeThe religion which predominated at an official level in Tyrconnell was Catholic Christianity. The territory of Tyrconnell was associated with the Diocese of Raphoe under the Bishop of Raphoe, which had been formed in 1111. It was mentioned at the Synod of Ráth Breasail and covered Tír Conaill and Inis Eogain. Indeed, the Christian religion was of particular significance to the O'Donnell rulers of Tyrconnell, as their kinsman St. Colm Cille (also known as St. Columba), born at Conwal and Leck, was regarded as one of the three patron saints of Ireland. Their founder and namesake of the kingdom, Conall Gulban, had been the first nobleman converted by St. Patrick. Indeed, they later took up the symbol of the cross as part of one of their heraldic identifiers and adopted the motto in hoc signo vinces. See also
Related bibliography
External links
4 : States and territories established in the 5th century|O'Donnell dynasty|Kingdoms of medieval Ireland|History of County Donegal |
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