| 词条 | Tyrrhenian Sea | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Tyrrhenian Sea | image = | caption = | image_bathymetry = Tyrrhenian Sea map.png | caption_bathymetry = Tyrrhenian Sea. | location = Mediterranean Sea | coords = {{coord|40|N|12|E|type:waterbody_scale:5000000|display=title,inline}} | type = Sea | inflow = | outflow = | catchment = | basin_countries = France, Italy | length = | width = | area = {{convert|275000|km2|sqmi|-2|abbr=on}} | depth = {{convert|2000|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | max-depth = {{convert|3785|m|ft|0|abbr=on}} | volume = | reference = }} The Tyrrhenian Sea ({{IPAc-en|t|ᵻ|ˈ|r|iː|n|i|ə|n|_|ˈ|s|iː}}; {{lang-it|Mar Tirreno}} {{IPA-it|mar tirˈrɛːno|}}, {{lang-fr|Mer Tyrrhénienne}} {{IPA-fr|mɛʁ tiʁenjɛn|}}, {{lang-sc|Mare Tirrenu}}, {{lang-co|Mari Tirrenu}}, {{lang-scn|Mari Tirrenu}}, {{lang-nap|Mare Tirreno}}) is part of the Mediterranean Sea off the western coast of Italy. It is named for the Tyrrhenian people, identified since the 6th century BCE with the Etruscans of Italy. GeographyThe sea is bounded by the islands of Corsica and Sardinia (to the west), the Italian peninsula (regions of Tuscany, Lazio, Campania, Basilicata, and Calabria) to the east, and the island of Sicily (to the south).[1] The Tyrrhenian sea also includes a number of small islands like Capri, Elba and Ustica.[2] The maximum depth of the sea is {{convert|3785|m|ft}}. The Tyrrhenian Sea is situated near where the African and Eurasian Plates meet; therefore mountain chains and active volcanoes such as Mount Marsili are found in its depths. The eight Aeolian Islands and Ustica are located in the southern part of the sea, north of Sicily. ExtentThe International Hydrographic Organization defines the limits of the Tyrrhenian Sea as follows:[3]
ExitsThere are four exits from the Tyrrhenian Sea (north to south):
BasinsThe Tyrrhenian Basin is divided into two basins (or plains), the Vavilov plain and the Marsili plain. They are separated by the undersea ridge known as the Issel Bridge, after Arturo Issel.[4] GeologyThe Tyrrhenian Sea is a back-arc basin that formed due to the rollback of the Calabrian slab towards South-East during the Neogene[4]. Episodes of fast and slow trench retreat formed first the Vavilov basin and, then, the Marsili basin[5]. Submarine volcanoes formed because trench retreat produces extension in the overriding plate allowing the mantle to rise below the surface and partially melts. The magmatism here is also affected by the fluids released from the slab. NameIts name derives from the Greek name for the Etruscans, who were said to be emigrants from Lydia and led by the prince Tyrrhenus.[6] The Etruscans settled along the coast of modern Tuscany and referred to the water as the "Sea of the Etruscans". IslandsIslands of the Tyrrhenian Sea include:
Ports{{unreferenced section|date=December 2015}}The main ports of the Tyrrhenian Sea in Italy are: Naples, Palermo, Civitavecchia (Rome), Salerno, Trapani and Gioia Tauro. In France the most important port is Bastia. Note that even though the phrase "port of Rome" is frequently used, there is in fact no port in Rome. Instead, the "port of Rome" refers to the maritime facilities at Civitavecchia, some {{convert|42|mi|abbr=in|order=flip}} to the northwest of Rome, not too far from its airport. Giglio Porto is a small island port in this area. It rose to prominence, when the Costa Concordia ran aground a few metres off the coast of Giglio and sank. The ship was later refloated and towed to Genoa for scrapping. WindsIn Greek mythology, it is believed that the cliffs above the Tyrrhenian Sea housed the four winds kept by Aeolus. The winds are the Mistral from the Rhône valley, the Libeccio from the southwest, and the Sirocco and Ostro from the south. Image galleryReferences1. ^{{cite encyclopedia |url=https://www.britannica.com/place/Tyrrhenian-Sea |title=Tyrrhenian Sea |encyclopedia=Encyclopedia Britannica |access-date=July 18, 2017 |editor-last=Chisholm |editor-first=Hugh |editor-link=Hugh Chisholm |publisher=Cambridge University Press |author=The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica}} {{List of seas}}{{Marginal seas of the Atlantic Ocean}}{{Capri topics}}{{Authority control}}2. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/tyrrheniansea.htm |title=Tyrrhenian Sea - Map & Details |work=World Atlas |access-date=July 18, 2017}} 3. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.iho.int/iho_pubs/standard/S-23/S-23_Ed3_1953_EN.pdf |format=PDF |title=Limits of Oceans and Seas |edition=3rd |year=1953 |work=Organisation hydrographique internationale |access-date=February 6, 2010 |page=17 |issue=28}} 4. ^1 {{cite journal |last=Sartori |first=Renzo |title=The Tyrrhenian back-arc basin and subduction of the Ionian lithosphere |journal=Episodes |year=2003 |volume=26 |issue=3 |pages=217–221 |url=http://www.episodes.org/backissues/263/10Sartori.pdf |format=PDF |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219151730/http://www.episodes.org/backissues/263/10Sartori.pdf |archive-date=December 19, 2008 |publisher=University of Bologna}} 5. ^{{Cite journal|last=Faccenna|first=Claudio|last2=Funiciello|first2=Francesca|last3=Giardini|first3=Domenico|last4=Lucente|first4=Pio|date=2001|title=Episodic back-arc extension during restricted mantle convection in the Central Mediterranean|url=https://doi.org/10.1016/S0012-821X(01)00280-1|journal=Earth and Planetary Science Letters|volume=187|issue=1-2|pages=105–116|doi=10.1016/s0012-821x(01)00280-1|issn=0012-821X|via=}} 6. ^{{cite web |title=The Origins of the Etruscans |work=San José State University |url=http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/etruscans.htm |access-date=October 28, 2016}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/tyrrheniansea.htm|title=Map of Tyrrhenian Sea - Tyrrhenian Sea Map, History Facts, Tyrrhenian Sea Location - World Atlas|author=|date=|website=www.worldatlas.com|accessdate=20 March 2018}} 13 : Tyrrhenian Sea|Marginal seas of the Mediterranean|Seas of Italy|Seas of France|European seas|Back-arc basins|Landforms of Basilicata|Landforms of Calabria|Landforms of Campania|Landforms of Lazio|Landforms of Tuscany|Landforms of Sicily|Landforms of Corsica |
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