| 词条 | Türkmenabat |
| 释义 |
|official_name = Türkmenabat |native_name = Түркменабат (Cyrillic Turkmen) |image_skyline = File:Центр Туркменабада.jpg |imagesize = 300px |image_caption = |image_flag = |image_seal = |image_map = |map_caption = |pushpin_map = Turkmenistan |pushpin_label_position = bottom |pushpin_mapsize = 300 |pushpin_map_caption = Location in Turkmenistan |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_type1 = Province |subdivision_name = Turkmenistan |subdivision_name1 = Lebap Province |subdivision_type2 = |subdivision_name2 = |established_title = |established_date = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |area_magnitude = |area_total_sq_mi = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_sq_mi = |area_land_km2 = |area_urban_sq_mi = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_metro_sq_mi = |population_as_of = 2009 census |population_footnotes = [1]{{Failed verification|date=March 2014}} |population_total = 253,000 |population_urban = |population_metro = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_km2 = |timezone = |utc_offset = |timezone_DST = |utc_offset_DST = |coordinates = {{Coord|39|05|N|63|34|E|region:TM|display=inline}} |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m = 187 |elevation_ft = |postal_code_type = |postal_code = |area_code = |website = |footnotes = }} Türkmenabat (Cyrillic {{lang-tk|Түркменабат}}), formerly and since medieval times, Chardzhou ({{lang-ru|Чарджоу}}, Čardžou; {{lang-tk|Çärjew}}, Чәрҗев){{Efn|Also spelled Chardjui, Charjou, Chardzhev, Charjev Chärjew, or Charjew}} (Persian: چهارجوی 'Chharjvy', meaning 'four canals') and in ancient times Āmul, is the second-largest city in Turkmenistan and the capital of Lebap Province. {{As of|2009}}, it had a population of approximately 254,000 people (up from 161,000 in the 1989 census){{Citation needed|date=March 2014}}. GeographyTürkmenabat is located at an altitude of {{convert|187|m|ft|abbr=on}} on the banks of the Amu-Darya River, near the border with Uzbekistan. Türkmenabat is at the center of Lebap province, which has borders with three provinces in Turkmenistan: Mary, Ahal and Daşoguz. The province also borders with Uzbekistan and Afghanistan. Some {{convert|70|km|0|abbr=off}} south of Türkmenabat in the East Karakum Desert is the Repetek Nature Reserve, famed for its zemzen, or desert crocodiles. HistoryAlthough now a modern industrial city, Türkmenabat has a history of over 2,000 years. In ancient times, it was known as Āmul (to be distinguished from the Iranian city of Amol). The river Amu Darya is said to mean River of Āmul, named after this ancient city. Türkmenabat was the hub in an intersection between 3 paths of the Great Silk Way leading to Bukhara, Khiva and Merv. {{Citation needed|date=February 2007}}. For centuries, Āmul was an important town of the relatively backward Uzbek feudal khanate (later emirate) of Bukhara. When the Russian Empire started annexing Central Asian Turkestan, Āmul was surrendered to Russians by the Bukhara emirate, who later herself would entirely become a vassal of Russia and pledge allegiance to the Russian emperor. The modern city was founded in 1886, when Cossack Russians settled in Uralka in what is now the eastern part of Türkmenabat, naming their settlement New-Chardjuy.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}} The settlement here was necessary to complete the construction of the Trans-Caspian railway. After the revolution of 1917, when the Bolsheviks came into power in Russia, communists merged former khanates into republics on the basis of nationality. Thus, Türkmenabat (known as Chardjuy at those times) was passed to the newly created Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic in order to reduce the territory and strength of a highly nationalistic Uzbekistan. Its role as a railway junction, and the high fertility of the Amu Darya region, made it the major trade center for agricultural products in the northeast region of the country. The city has food processing, textile (cotton processing and silk) factories. Chardzhou was Turkmenistan's industrial and transport hub during the Soviet period, but most of these related jobs and transport opportunities have been relocated to Ashgabat or closed since Turkmenistan's independence. ClimateTürkmenabat has a cool desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWk), with cool winters and very hot summers. Rainfall is generally light and erratic, and occurs mainly in the winter and spring months. {{Weather box|location=Türkmenabat |metric first=yes |single line=yes |Jan record high C = 24.0 |Feb record high C = 28.4 |Mar record high C = 33.9 |Apr record high C = 40.3 |May record high C = 42.2 |Jun record high C = 44.0 |Jul record high C = 44.9 |Aug record high C = 43.0 |Sep record high C = 40.4 |Oct record high C = 35.6 |Nov record high C = 31.3 |Dec record high C = 25.7 |Jan high C = 6.8 |Feb high C = 10.0 |Mar high C = 16.0 |Apr high C = 24.4 |May high C = 30.4 |Jun high C = 34.8 |Jul high C = 36.4 |Aug high C = 34.5 |Sep high C = 29.7 |Oct high C = 22.6 |Nov high C = 15.0 |Dec high C = 8.3 |Jan mean C = 1.0 |Feb mean C = 3.7 |Mar mean C = 9.2 |Apr mean C = 17.1 |May mean C = 23.3 |Jun mean C = 27.6 |Jul mean C = 29.3 |Aug mean C = 26.9 |Sep mean C = 21.2 |Oct mean C = 13.9 |Nov mean C = 7.6 |Dec mean C = 2.7 |Jan low C = -3.3 |Feb low C = -1.1 |Mar low C = 3.6 |Apr low C = 10.4 |May low C = 15.7 |Jun low C = 19.5 |Jul low C = 21.4 |Aug low C = 19.0 |Sep low C = 13.1 |Oct low C = 6.6 |Nov low C = 1.7 |Dec low C = -1.8 |Jan record low C = -23.8 |Feb record low C = -22.2 |Mar record low C = -16.3 |Apr record low C = -4.6 |May record low C = 0.8 |Jun record low C = 9.4 |Jul record low C = 11.2 |Aug record low C = 9.1 |Sep record low C = 2.8 |Oct record low C = -9.5 |Nov record low C = -19.8 |Dec record low C = -23.4 |Jan precipitation mm = 19 |Feb precipitation mm = 17.4 |Mar precipitation mm = 26.7 |Apr precipitation mm = 22.4 |May precipitation mm = 10.4 |Jun precipitation mm = 1.5 |Jul precipitation mm = 1.0 |Aug precipitation mm = 0.1 |Sep precipitation mm = 0.5 |Oct precipitation mm = 4.6 |Nov precipitation mm = 9.8 |Dec precipitation mm = 16.1 |unit precipitation days = 0.1 mm |Jan precipitation days = 6.3 |Feb precipitation days = 5.8 |Mar precipitation days = 5.6 |Apr precipitation days = 4.7 |May precipitation days = 2.0 |Jun precipitation days = 0.5 |Jul precipitation days = 0.2 |Aug precipitation days = 0.3 |Sep precipitation days = 0.2 |Oct precipitation days = 1.5 |Nov precipitation days = 5.2 |Dec precipitation days = 6.3 |Jan humidity = 76.9 |Feb humidity = 69.6 |Mar humidity = 59.4 |Apr humidity = 51.4 |May humidity = 43.1 |Jun humidity = 36.0 |Jul humidity = 37.4 |Aug humidity = 38.1 |Sep humidity = 43.3 |Oct humidity = 54.4 |Nov humidity = 69.3 |Dec humidity = 77.2 |Jan sun = 131.8 |Feb sun = 153.2 |Mar sun = 197.6 |Apr sun = 242.1 |May sun = 330.3 |Jun sun = 384.5 |Jul sun = 395.3 |Aug sun = 379.1 |Sep sun = 322.7 |Oct sun = 267.7 |Nov sun = 193.7 |Dec sun = 132.0 |source 1 = climatebase.ru[2] |source 2 = NOAA (1961-1990)[3] |date=February 2013 }} DemographicsTürkmenabat is unusual in Turkmenistan because it has population which speaks its own dialect. This regional dialect mostly consist of Turkmen language and Uzbek language which has heavily influenced the area's culture and customs. This dialect is mostly spoken in Turkmenabat and Northern provinces of Lebap. TransportTürkmenabat is connected with the Turkmen capital Ashgabat and Turkmen port city Türkmenbaşy by Turkmenistan Airlines and the M37 highway. Türkmenabat is also connected by train to every province in Turkmenistan. CultureTasinlikler meydanchasy is a park where people celebrate national holidays. Türkmenabat also well known for its bazaars.[4] The largest bazaar is "World bazaar" which is known by the name Dunya bazar. Other well-known bazaars are Gok bazar and Merkezi bazar. People from all around the country come to Türkmenabat in order to purchase local, Chinese, Turkish, Uzbek and Russian goods. Dunya bazar has many sections, including those for jewelry, home appliances, clothes, diary, cars, and other items. One of the most attractive places in Türkmenabat is Zaton, is an artificial beach, located about {{convert|5|km|mi}} from the center of the city. During the whole summer youth gather at 'Zaton' for relaxation and enjoyment.{{citation needed|date=November 2017}} EducationTürkmenabat has one state-owned University specializing in teacher training (known in Turkmen as: Seýitnazar Seýdi adyndaky Türkmen Döwlet Mugallymçylyk Instituty'), a medical college, carrier schools, public schools, and specialised arts and sports schools. Until recently, there was a Tutkmenabat Turkmen-Turkish High School which was part of the countrywide network of Turkmen-Turkish schools, and one of the leading schools in the city. It followed a national educational curriculum, where students have a good opportunity to learn English as well as Turkish and Russian languages. Students of this school have attended international Olympiads and gained many medals in different branches of Science and Technology.{{Citation needed|date=February 2013}} Students of Turkmen-Turkish Schools are honored as 'Pride of Nation'. As a result of recent changes in education policy, Turkmen-Turkish school in Türkmenabat was turned into a specialised boarding school. International relations{{See also|List of twin towns and sister cities in Asia#Turkmenistan|l1=List of twin towns and sister cities in Turkmenistan}}
References
1. ^Population census 1989 {{webarchive|url=https://www.webcitation.org/65CnSL6Mw?url=http://demoscope.ru/weekly/ssp/sng89_reg2.php |date=2012-02-04 }}, Demoscope Weekly, No. 359-360, 1–18 January 2009 (search for Туркменская ССР) {{ru icon}} 2. ^{{cite web|title=Chardzhou, Turkmenistan|url=http://climatebase.ru/station/38687/?lang=en|publisher=Climatebase.ru|accessdate=9 February 2013}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=Climate Normals for Charjew|url=ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/RA-II/TX/38687.TXT|publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration|accessdate=9 February 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://cob.montevallo.edu/MIS267/IsmakaevVM/turkmenabat.htm|title=Türkmenabat|author=Vadim Ismakaev|access-date=2017-11-07}} External links{{Commons category|Türkmenabat}}{{wikivoyage|Türkmenabat}}{{Coord|39|05|N|63|34|E|region:TR_type:city|display=title}}{{Cities of Turkmenistan}}{{Districts of Turkmenistan}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Turkmenabat}} 3 : Populated places along the Silk Road|Populated places in Lebap Province|Districts of Turkmenistan |
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