“Tōnacācihuātl”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Tōnacācihuātl

释义

Etymology
Origin and role
Notes
References

In Aztec mythology, {{lang|nci|Tōnacācihuātl|italic=no}} ({{IPA-nah|toːnakaˈsiwaːt͡ɬ}}) was a creator and goddess of fertility, worshiped for peopling the earth and making it fruitful.{{sfn|Hale}} Most Colonial-era manuscripts equate her with {{lang|nci|Ōmecihuātl|italic=no}}.{{sfn|Miller & Taube}} {{lang|nci|Tōnacācihuātl|italic=no}} was the consort of {{lang|nci|Tōnacātēcuhtli|italic=no}}.{{sfn|León-Portilla}} She is also referred to as Ilhuicacihuātl or "Heavenly Lady."{{sfn|Sahagún book 6}}

Etymology

The god's name is a compound of two Nahuatl words: {{lang|nci|tōnacā}} and {{lang|nci|cihuātl}}.{{sfn|Dictionnaire}} While {{lang|nci|cihuātl}} can be translated "woman" or "lady", {{lang|nci|tōnacā}} presents several possible interpretations. Some read this root as {{lang|nci|tonacā}} (without the long 'o'), consisting of {{lang|nci|nacatl}}, meaning "human flesh" or "food," with the possessive prefix {{lang|nci|to}} ("our"). By this etymology, {{lang|nci|Tōnacācihuātl|italic=no}} would mean "Lady of Our Food" or "Lady of Our Flesh," most commonly rendered "Lady of Our Sustenance."{{sfn|Miller & Taube}} The word {{lang|nci|tōnac}} simply means "abundance," giving {{lang|nci|Tōnacācihuātl|italic=no}} the alternate reading "Lady of Abundance."{{sfn|Dictionnaire}}

Origin and role

{{lang|nci|Tōnacācihuātl|italic=no}} was the Central Mexican form of the creator goddess common to Mesoamerican religions.{{sfn|Miller & Taube}} According to the Codex Ríos, the History of the Mexicans as Told by Their Paintings, the {{lang|frm|Histoyre du Mechique}}, and the Florentine Codex, {{lang|nci|Tōnacācihuātl|italic=no}} and her counterpart {{lang|nci|Tōnacātēcuhtli|italic=no}} resided in {{lang|nci|Ōmeyōcān}}, the 13th, highest heaven, from which human souls descended to earth.{{sfn|Garibay}}{{sfn|Miller & Taube}}{{sfn|Sahagún book 6}} {{lang|nci|Tōnacācihuātl|italic=no}} is associated with procreation, appearing in pre-Columbian art near copulating humans. In the Florentine Codex, {{lang|es|Sahagún|italic=no}} relates that Aztec midwives would tell newborns after bathing them, "You were created in the place of duality, the place above the nine heavens. Your mother and father—{{lang|nci|Ōmetēuctli|italic=no}} and {{lang|nci|Ōmecihuātl|italic=no}}, the heavenly lady—formed you, created you."{{sfn|Sahagún book 6}}

In 1629, {{lang|es|Hernando Ruiz de Alarcón|italic=no}} also reported the use of the goddess's name in ritual planting prayers, in which a seed of corn is entrusted to the earth deity {{lang|nci|Tlaltecuhtli|italic=no}} by a shaman who calls the kernel {{lang|nci|nohueltiuh Tōnacācihuātl}} ("my sister, the Lady of Abundance").{{sfn|Ruiz de Alarcón}}

In the Codex Chimalpopoca, {{lang|nci|Tōnacātēcuhtli|italic=no}} and {{lang|nci|Tōnacācihuātl|italic=no}} are listed as one of several pairs of gods to whom Quetzalcoatl prays.{{sfn|Bierhorst}}

Notes

References

{{cite book |last=Bierhorst |first=John |year=1992 |title=History and mythology of the Aztecs: the Codex Chimalpopoca |publisher=University of Arizona Press |location=Tucson, AZ |isbn=978-0-8165-1886-9 |ref={{sfnref|Bierhorst}} }}

{{cite book |editor-last=Garibay Kintana |editor-first=Ángel Ma. |date=1965 |title=Teogonía e historia de los mexicanos: tres opúsculos del siglo xvi |location=Mexico City |publisher=Editorial Porrúa |isbn=9789684323124 |ref={{sfnref|Garibay}} }}

{{cite book|last=León-Portilla|first=Miguel|title=Aztec Thought and Culture|publisher=University of Oklahoma Press|isbn=0806122951|ref={{sfnref|León-Portilla}} }}

{{cite book |editor1-last=Miller |editor1-first=Mary |editor2-last=Taube |editor2-first=Karl |date=1993 |title=An Illustrated Dictionary of the Gods and Symbols of Ancient Mexico and the Maya |location=London |publisher=Thames & Hudson |isbn=0500279284 |ref={{sfnref|Miller & Taube}} }}

{{cite book |last=Ruiz de Alarcón |first=Hernando |date=2014 |title=Tratado de las supersticiones y costumbres gentílicas que hoy viven entre los indios naturales de esta Nueva España |location=Barcelona |publisher=Linkgua digital |isbn=9788498169607 |ref={{sfnref|Ruiz de Alarcón}} }}

{{cite book |last=Sahagún |first=Bernadino |translator1-last=Dibble |translator1-first=Charles E. |translator2-last=Anderson |translator2-first=Arthur J. O. |date=2012 |title=Florentine Codex Book 6: Rhetoric and Moral Philosophy |location=Salt Lake City |publisher=University of Utah Press |isbn=978-1607811619|ref={{sfnref|Sahagún book 6}} }}

{{cite web |last=Wimmer |first=Alexis |year=2006 |url=http://sites.estvideo.net/malinal/nahuatl.page.html |title=Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl classique |format=online version, incorporating reproductions from Dictionnaire de la langue nahuatl ou mexicaine [1885], by Rémi Siméon|accessdate=2016-04-05 |ref={{sfnref|Dictionnaire}} }}

2 : Aztec goddesses|Mesoamerican deities

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。