| 词条 | William Booth (forger) |
| 释义 |
| name = William Booth | image = William Booth forger.jpg | image_size = 250 | alt = clean-shaven white male | caption = Pencil sketch of Booth, artist unknown | nationality = English | birth_name = | baptised = 21 February 1776 | birth_place = Hall End Farm near Beaudesert, Warwickshire, England | death_date = {{Death date|1812|08|12|df=y}} | death_place = Handsworth, Staffordshire | cause = | motive = | charge = | conviction = Forgery | conviction_penalty = Death by hanging | conviction_status = | occupation = Farmer }}William Booth (1776–1812) was an English farmer and forger.[1] He is the subject of the song "Twice Tried, Twice Hung, Twice Buried" by John Raven.[2] Booth was born at Hall End Farm near Beaudesert, Warwickshire and was baptised at the church there on 21 February 1776.[3] He was one of eight children of a farmer and church warden, John Booth, and his wife Mary.[4] He lived at Great Barr, then in Staffordshire and now in the city of Birmingham. On 28 February 1799, Booth signed a 25-year lease for what became known (by 1821 if not earlier)[5] as "Booth's Farm"{{efn|Booth's Farm: {{coord|52.544|-1.911|region:GB-BIR_type:landmark|name=Booth's Farm}} (approximate location)}}, including a farmhouse and 200 acres of land,[5] part of the Perry Hall{{efn|Perry Hall: {{coord|52.52507|-1.91084|region:GB-BIR_type:landmark|name=Perry Hall}} }}estate.[5] He was accused of murdering his brother John while revisiting Hall End on 19 February 1808, but was acquitted for lack of evidence.[4] He converted the top floor of the farmhouse into a workshop where he produced forgeries of coins and banknotes.[1] He was caught, tried at Stafford Assizes[6] and sentenced to hang.[1] His accomplices were sentenced to transportation to Australia.[4] Booth's execution on 12 August 1812 was bungled, and he fell through the scaffold's trap door to the floor.[4] Within two hours, he was hanged again and died.[2] He was one of the last people (if not the last) to be sentenced to death in England for forgery.[6] He is buried in the churchyard of St Mary's, Handsworth{{efn|St Mary's Church: {{coord|52.51056|-1.91917|region:GB-BIR_type:landmark|name=St Mary's Church}} }}.[1] The inscription on his gravestone reads:[7][8] {{Quote|Sacred to the memory of William Booth who departed this life August 12th 1812 aged 33 years. Also Charlotte daughter of William and Mary Booth who died August 13th 5 months.}}Following a change of county boundary, his body was disinterred and reburied.[2] A public outcry at the harshness of his sentence resulted in the death penalty in England and Wales being reserved for capital crimes, making Booth the last person in England hanged for a non-capital crime.[9] Booth also minted genuine tokens as a cover for his forging activities.[10] Several of his tokens, forgeries and printing plates are in the collection of Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery. The farmhouse was demolished in 1974,[5] and the farm became a sand and gravel quarry (later landfill and a nature reserve), having given its name to the still-extant Booths Lane{{efn|Booths Lane: {{coord|52.54405|-1.90959|region:GB-BIR_type:landmark|name=Booths Lane}} }} and Booths Farm Road{{efn|Booths Farm Road: {{coord|52.54031|-1.91951|region:GB-BIR_type:landmark|name=Booths Farm Road}} }}. Until the late 1920s, it was occupied by the Foden Family,[5] commemorated in Foden Road{{efn|Foden Road: {{coord|52.53958|-1.92093|region:GB-BIR_type:landmark|name=Foden Road}} }}. Coordinates{{KML}}{{notelist}}References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.search.digitalhandsworth.org.uk/engine/resource/default.asp?theme=560&originator=%2Fengine%2Ftheme%2Fdefault%2Easp&page=&records=&direction=&pointer=2817&text=0&resource=2392|title=Booth's Farm|work=Digital Handsworth|publisher=Birmingham City Council|accessdate=8 November 2011}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://sniff.numachi.com/pages/tiTWCEHUNG.html|title=Twice Tried, Twice Hung, Twice Buried|accessdate=8 November 2011}} 3. ^Warwickshire, England, Church of England Baptisms, Marriages, and Burials, 1535-1812 William Booth, son of John and Mary Booth, Baptised 21 Feb 1776 in Beaudesert, Warwickshire, England 4. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|last=Booth|first=John N|title=Booths in History|url=http://archiver.rootsweb.ancestry.com/th/read/BOOTH/1997-07/0868386205|page=39}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://myweb.tiscali.co.uk/greatbarrhall/newsletter10.pdf|title=Newsletter 10|date=Spring 2005|publisher=Barr and Aston Local History Society|accessdate=8 November 2011}} 6. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.search.digitalhandsworth.org.uk/engine/resource/default.asp?resource=5072|title=William Booth by an unknown artist|work=Digital Handsworth|publisher=Birmingham City Council|accessdate=8 November 2011}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.search.digitalhandsworth.org.uk/engine/resource/default.asp?resource=5082|title=William Booth's Grave at St. Mary's Church|work=Digital Handsworth|publisher=Birmingham City Council|accessdate=8 November 2011}} 8. ^Note that his stated age does not match his date of baptism 9. ^{{Cite book |title=Booths in history: Their roots and lives, encounters, and achievements |author=John Nicholls Booth |publisher=Ridgeway Press |year=1982 |isbn=978-0943230009 }} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.search.digitalhandsworth.org.uk/engine/resource/default.asp?theme=211&originator=%2Fengine%2Ftheme%2Fdefault%2Easp&page=2&records=39&direction=1&pointer=6677&text=0&resource=5150|title=Penny token by William Booth (obverse)|work=Digital Handsworth|publisher=Birmingham City Council|accessdate=8 November 2011}} External links
12 : People from Great Barr|People executed for forgery|English farmers|1812 deaths|1776 births|People from Stratford-on-Avon District|People from Warwickshire (before 1974)|Executed people from Warwickshire|People executed by England and Wales by hanging|Executed people from the West Midlands (county)|Criminals from the West Midlands (county)|Great Barr |
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