| 词条 | William Clarkson |
| 释义 |
|name= William Clarkson |image=WilliamClarksonBluePlaque.JPG |caption= Blue plaque at Clarkson's birth place. |birth_date= 26 March 1859 |death_date= {{Death date and age|1934|01|21|1859|03|26|df=yes}} |birth_place= 10 St Hilda's Terrace, Whitby, North Yorkshire, England |death_place= Darling Point, Sydney, Australia |placeofburial= Church of Saint Mary, Whitby, North Yorkshire, England |placeofburial_coordinates={{Coord|54|29|20|N|0|36|34|W|display=inline}} |nickname= |allegiance= Australia |branch= South Australian Naval Service Commonwealth Naval Forces Royal Australian Navy |serviceyears= 1884–1923 |rank= Vice Admiral |unit= |commands= |battles= Boxer Rebellion |awards= Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George || memorials= Clarkson Street, Canberra, Australia |spouse= Louisa Clarissa Hawker |laterwork=Chairman of Commonwealth Shipping Board }}Vice Admiral Sir William Clarkson, {{post-nominals|country=AUS|KBE,|CMG|size=100%}} (26 March 1859 – 21 January 1934) is regarded as the co-founder of the Royal Australian Navy (RAN), in which he served as a senior commander.[1] Early lifeBorn in Whitby, North Yorkshire, to James, a draper, and his wife Mary (née Dixon). Clarkson was privately educated in the town. Later he was articled into shipbuilding in Newcastle upon Tyne for R. & W. Hawthorn. During his time at the company he became a marine engineer.[2] South Australian Naval ServiceClarkson joined the South Australian Naval Service as an Engineer Lieutenant in May 1884, travelling to Australian in HMAS Protector. It was during this time that he served under Captain William Creswell (Later Vice Admiral and Commander of Commonwealth Naval Forces) who shared his interest of creating a united Australian Navy.[2] Serving as the Chief engineer aboard Protector during the Boxer Rebellion in 1900-01, the ship carried despatches during the conflict. [3]Commonwealth Naval ForcesFollowing the Boxer Rebellion, Clarkson transferred to the Commonwealth Naval Forces upon the Federation of Australia. In October 1905 Clarkson was promoted to Engineer Commander. On 27 March 1907 he was selected to visit Japan, the United States, Canada and the United Kingdom in order to study Naval dockyards, ship construction and training methods.[4] During this period he oversaw the building of destroyers for the CNF, which would become the first ships of the newly founded Royal Australian Navy.[2] Royal Australian Navy{{Main|Colonial navies of Australia}}Upon the founding of the RAN in 1911, Clarkson became the third member of the Australian Commonwealth Naval Board, joining Creswell and Captain Gordon Smith. Subsequently the decision was made to build a naval base at Western Port and Clarkson was a driving force in its creation. Work on Flinders Naval Base started in 1913 and was opened in 1920, for the purpose of training.[5] In 1913 he was made a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George. He was promoted to Rear Admiral on 1 April 1916. At the outbreak of World War I he became the Director of Transports and Controller of Shipping. By 1918 he was regarded as "without peer in Australian maritime affairs".[2] Upon the formation of the Inter-State Central Committee he became Chairman and Controller of coastal shipping.[6] For his duties in this capacity, in 1919 he was made a Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire. The citation reads {{quote|Rear-Admiral William Clarkson, CMG, RAN, for services in connection with the control and reorganisation of coastal shipping.[7]}} He was promoted to Vice Admiral on 1 November 1922 and transferred to the retired list.[2] Commonwealth Shipping BoardIn 1923, he was appointed Director of the Commonwealth Shipping Board.[8] DeathHe died of heart disease at the family home in Darling Point, Sydney, Australia on 21 Jan 1934. He was cremated at the Rookwood Crematorium [8] and a funeral with full military honours was held. His ashes were then transported back to his hometown, where they were interred in the family memorial at the Church of Saint Mary, Whitby.[1]References1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.whitbygazette.co.uk/news/local/navy-hero-sir-william-s-civic-honour-1-1888372 |title=Navy hero Sir William's civic honour |author= |work=Whitby Gazette |pages= |publisher=Johnston Publishing Ltd |date=23 April 2010 |accessdate=28 September 2014}} {{authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Clarkson, William}}2. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web |url=http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/clarkson-sir-william-5673 |title=Clarkson, Sir William (1859–1934) |author=B. N. Primrose |work=Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 8 |pages= |publisher=MUP |year=1981 |accessdate=28 September 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.slsa.sa.gov.au/manning/sa/defence/naval.htm |title=South Australia - Defence of the Colony |author= |work=The Manning Index of South Australian History |pages= |publisher=State Library of South Australia |date=1 September 1936 |accessdate=28 September 2014}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.navyhistory.org.au/category/navy-day-by-day/1900-1913/ |title=On this day:1900-1913 > Federation, RAN and pre-WW1 |author= |work= |pages= |publisher=Royal Historical Society of Australia |year=2014 |accessdate=28 September 2014}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.environment.gov.au/cgi-bin/ahdb/search.pl?mode=place_detail;search=state%3DVIC%3Blist_code%3DCHL%3Blegal_status%3D35%3Bkeyword_PD%3D0%3Bkeyword_SS%3D0%3Bkeyword_PH%3D0;place_id=105336 |title=HMAS Cerberus Central Area Group, Cook Rd, HMAS Cerberus, VIC, Australia |author= Australian Heritage Database |work=Department of the Environment |pages= |publisher=Australian Government |date=22 June 2004 |accessdate=28 September 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.aph.gov.au/parliamentary_business/committees/house_of_representatives_committees%3Furl%3Dreports/1920/1920_pphofr4.pdf&rct=j&frm=1&q=&esrc=s&sa=U&ei=KfsnVMPeOMzhaJa8gcAD&ved=0CBQQFjAA&usg=AFQjCNF_aVl_AaOTKM9N70cq1zTA-Tb2IQ |title=Select Committee on Australian Overseas and Inter-State Sea Carriage |author=House of Representatives |work=Final Report (Dated 29th October, 1920), together with Minutes of Proceedings of the Committee |pages= |publisher=The Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia |date=29 October 1920 |accessdate=28 September 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/30576/supplement/3283 |title=Fifth Supplement to The London Gazette |author= |work= |pages=1 |publisher=The London Gazette |date=12 March 1918 |accessdate=28 September 2014}} 8. ^1 {{cite web |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1301&dat=19340122&id=c_VUAAAAIBAJ&sjid=8ZEDAAAAIBAJ&pg=1026,3380268 |title=William Clarkson Obituary |author= |work=The Sydney Morning Herald |pages=10 |publisher= |date=22 January 1934 |accessdate=28 September 2014}} 5 : 1859 births|1934 deaths|People from Whitby|Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George|Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire |
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