| 词条 | William Rutherford (physiologist) |
| 释义 |
William Rutherford {{Post-nominals|post-noms=FRSE FRS FRCPE}}[1] (20 April 1839, Ancrum Craig, Roxburghshire – 21 February 1899, 14 Douglas Crescent, Edinburgh) was a Scottish physician and physiologist who was professor of physiology at Edinburgh University for 25 years, and contributed to the development of experimental physiology. He was Fullerian Professor of Physiology and Comparative Anatomy from 1872 to 1875. LifeRutherford was born at Ancrum Craig Farm near Ancrum in Roxburghshire, the son of Thomas Rutherford, a farmer. He was educated at Jedburgh Grammar School then studied medicine at Edinburgh University, gaining his doctorate (MD) in 1863.[2] After studying in Berlin, Vienna, and Paris, he became assistant to John Hughes Bennett, professor of physiology at Edinburgh. After the Edinburgh anatomist John Goodsir told Rutherford about the new experimental physiology in Germany, William Rutherford and the ophthalmologist Douglas Argyll Robertson at Edinburgh became the first in the United Kingdom to introduce the new experimental apparatus of Hermann von Helmholtz, Emil du Bois-Reymond and Carl Ludwig.[3] In 1869 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, his proposer being John Hughes Bennett.[4] In 1869 Rutherford became assistant professor of physiology at King's College, London. In 1871 he was appointed professor of physiology at the Royal Institution. In 1874 he returned to Edinburgh University to succeed Bennett as professor of physiology there.[3] Rutherford lectured at the University of Edinburgh when Arthur Conan Doyle studied medicine there. Like his fictional character Sherlock Holmes, who was based on a real person, Conan Doyle's Professor Challenger was based on Rutherford. From 1881 his laboratory assistant was Sutherland Simpson. He died 21 February 1899 at 14 Douglas Crescent[5], Edinburgh. He was not married and had no children, so he was buried with his parents in Ancrum parish churchyard.[6] His chair at the university was filled by Prof Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer.[7] Works
Notes1. ^{{cite book|last1=Waterston|first1=Charles D|last2=Macmillan Shearer|first2=A|title=Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002: Biographical Index|url=http://www.rse.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf|accessdate=15 December 2011|volume=II|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|location=Edinburgh|isbn=978-0-902198-84-5}} 2. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal|author=John Gray McKendrick|title=William Rutherford|journal=Nature|volume= 59|issue=1538|pages= 590–591 |date=20 April 1899|doi=10.1038/059590a0|bibcode=1899Natur..59..590J}}. 4. ^{{cite book|title=Biographical Index of Former Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 1783–2002|date=July 2006|publisher=The Royal Society of Edinburgh|isbn=0 902 198 84 X|url=https://www.royalsoced.org.uk/cms/files/fellows/biographical_index/fells_indexp2.pdf}} 5. ^Edinburgh Post Office Directory 1899 6. ^{{cite DNBSupp|wstitle=Rutherford, William (1839-1899)}} 7. ^http://frontiersmagazine.org/sutherland-simpson-from-saraquoy-to-cornell/ References
External links
| before = Michael Foster | title = Fullerian Professor of Physiology | years = 1872–1875 | after = Alfred Henry Garrod}}{{s-end}}
12 : 1839 births|1899 deaths|19th-century Scottish medical doctors|People from the Scottish Borders|Scottish physiologists|Alumni of the University of Edinburgh|Academics of the University of Edinburgh|Academics of King's College London|Fullerian Professors of Physiology|Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh|Fellows of the Royal Society|Fellows of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh |
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