| 词条 | Uffington Castle | |||
| 释义 |
|name = Uffington Castle |native_name = |alternate_name = |image = Trig point on Whitehorse Hill - geograph.org.uk - 1370581.jpg |caption = Ramparts of Uffington Castle at Whitehorse Hill, the highest point in Oxfordshire. |alt = a concrete triangulation point and steepsided ramparts of close-cropped grass |location = Whitehorse Hill, between Swindon and Wantage. (SU299863) |region = Oxfordshire England |coordinates = {{coord|51.57478|N|1.56994|W|region:GB_source:enwiki-osgb36(SU299863)_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |type = Hillfort |epochs = Iron Age |public_access = Yes |condition = substantial earthworks |excavations = 1995 |archaeologists = David Miles, Oxford Archaeological Unit |website = [https://www.english-heritage.org.uk/visit/places/uffington-castle-white-horse-and-dragon-hill/ English Heritage] |designation1 = Scheduled monument |designation1_number = 1008412[1] |designation1_date = 1882 [1] }}Uffington Castle is an early Iron Age (with underlying Bronze Age) univallate hillfort in Oxfordshire, England. It covers about 32,000 square metres and is surrounded by two earth banks separated by a ditch with an entrance in the western end. A second entrance in the eastern [2] end was apparently blocked up a few centuries after it was built.[3] The original defensive ditch was V-shaped with a small box rampart in front and a larger one behind it. Timber posts stood on the ramparts. Later the ditch was deepened and the extra material dumped on top of the ramparts to increase their size. A parapet wall of sarsen stones lined the top of the innermost rampart. It is very close to the Uffington White Horse on White Horse Hill. ExcavationsExcavations have indicated that it was probably built in the 7th or 8th century BC and continued to be occupied throughout the Iron Age. Isolated postholes were found inside the fort but no evidence of buildings. Pottery, loom weights and animal bone finds suggest some form of occupation however. The most activity appears to have been during the Roman period as the artefacts recovered from the upper fills of the ditch attest. The ramparts were remodelled to provide more entrances and a shrine seems to have been built in the early 4th century AD. Two oblong mounds, one containing 46 Romano-British burials and one containing eight Saxon burials, lie nearby. The RidgewayAn ancient track passes by the northern entrance to the hillfort, and is known as The Ridgeway. It links to the Icknield Way at the Goring Gap, and passes close to Avebury before heading south across Salisbury Plain. It also passes very close to a Neolithic chambered long barrow, Waylands Smithy, about a mile to the west. ProtectionThe hillfort is a Scheduled Ancient Monument,[4] and was included in the Ancient Monuments Protection Act 1882 as one of the first 68 sites in Britain and Ireland to receive legal protection.[1] Along with the Uffington White Horse on the slopes below the ramparts, it is in the care of English Heritage.[4] References1. ^1 {{cite wikisource |last=Hunter |first=Robert |chapter=Appendix A |wslink=The Preservation of Places of Interest or Beauty |plaintitle=The Preservation of Places of Interest or Beauty |year=1907 |publisher=Manchester University Press}} 2. ^{{cite book |last1=Miles |first1=D. |last2=Palmer |first2=S. |last3=Lock |first3=G. |last4=Gosden |first4=C. |last5=Cromarty |first5=A. M. |date=2003 |title=Uffington White Horse and Its Landscape: Investigations at White Horse Hill Uffington, 1989–95, and Tower Hill, Ashbury, 1993–4 |series=Thames Valley Landscapes Monograph |location=Oxford |publisher=Oxford University School of Archaeology |isbn=0947816771}} 3. ^{{cite book |url=http://www.english-heritage.org.uk/publications/wessex-hillforts-project/ |title=The Wessex Hillforts Project: Extensive survey of hillfort interiors in central southern England |first1=Andrew |last1=Payne |first2=Mark |last2=Corney |first3=Barry |last3=Cunliffe |publisher=Historic England |isbn=187359285X| accessdate=13 April 2018}} 4. ^1 2 {{National Heritage List for England |num=1008412|desc=Uffington Castle: a univallate hillfort immediately north of the Ridgeway on Whitehorse Hill|accessdate=15 February 2014}} External links
8 : Buildings and structures in Oxfordshire|English Heritage sites in Oxfordshire|Hill forts in Berkshire|Vale of White Horse|Tourist attractions in Oxfordshire|Archaeological sites in Oxfordshire|Scheduled Ancient Monuments in Oxfordshire|Bronze Age sites in Oxfordshire |
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