| 词条 | Willis Resilience Expedition |
| 释义 |
}} The Willis Resilience Expedition is a scientific and exploratory program taking place in Antarctica from November 2013 to January 2014, with goals of gaining a better understanding of the Earth's changing climate and weather-related risk. Announced in August 2013,[1] the Expedition will be led by Parker Liautaud, a teenage polar adventurer and environmental campaigner, and fellow explorer Douglas Stoup.[2] The expedition is being underwritten by Willis Group, a global risk advisor, insurance and reinsurance broker. The expedition is significant for a number of reasons:
The Science: Antarctica as a Source of Environmental InformationWhile one of the harshest environments on the planet, Antarctica offers scientists important clues about environmental change. Its ice sheet contains a record of past climates, chronicling changes in temperatures and greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere stretching back hundreds of thousands of years. According to the British Antarctic Survey, the Antarctic Peninsula is also one of the fastest warming parts of the planet. Melting of Antarctica's ice sheets could cause sea levels to rise much more than already predicted.[5] According to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), sea levels are expected to rise by {{convert|18|–|59|cm|in|abbr=off|sp=us}} over the next hundred years.[6] Weather Station DeploymentLiautaud and Stoup plan to deploy and test a lightweight weather station, the ColdFacts-3000BX, developed at the Delft University of Technology and previously untested in Antarctica. The weather station will be deployed near Union Glacier camp and tested over a period of five weeks, relaying meteorological data every 30 minutes. Isotope Hydrology SamplingThe Expedition will also undertake a “coast-to-Pole-to-coast” survey of Antarctic stable isotope trends, covering hundreds of kilometers of previously unstudied territory. These observations will provide new information on the rate of change in Antarctic temperatures in recent years. Samples will be sent to the International Atomic Energy Agency Isotope Hydrology laboratories for analysis. Transcontinental Tritium StudyThe team will conduct a transcontinental study of the deposition rate of Tritium, a radioactive isotope of hydrogen, across Antarctica. The relatively short half-life of Tritium means it can be used to date snow and ice up to around 150 years old. The data can then be used to better understand the global water cycle, which is intrinsically linked to changes in climate. This will be the first large-scale study of Tritium in Antarctica since Tritium returned to normal levels following the spike caused by thermonuclear tests in the 1960s. The samples will be sent to GNS Science, a New Zealand Crown Research Institute, for analysis. World Speed Record AttemptOnce the scientific survey is complete, the Willis Resilience Expedition will set off on December 3, 2013 from the Ross Ice Shelf where Liautaud and Stoup will ski 640 km to the South Pole, crossing the Transantarctic Mountains, which ascend to 4,500 meters at the summit. They have announced an intent to set an unsupported “coast to Pole” speed record.[3] The last such record was set in 2011 by Norway’s Christian Eide,[7] via a different route. If successful, Liautaud will also become the youngest person to reach both the North and the South Poles. Live CommunicationsThe expedition truck that will be used as transport during the sample-taking portion of the expedition will be used to transmit live video and data online during the speed race. The communication system will employ two Iridium Pilot systems and a remote camera rig.[8] The truck will not provide expedition support during the race to the Pole. Another aspect of live coverage will be interactive visualizations, provided by global IT provider EMC Corporation, of data gathered on the expedition.[1] References1. ^1 {{cite web|url= http://www.willis.com/Media_Room/Press_Releases_%28Browse_All%29/2013/20130819_Willis_Media_Pack/|title=Willis Resilience Expedition}} 2. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.iceaxe.tv/doug-stoup/|title=Douglas Stoup biography}} 3. ^1 {{citation |url= http://www.willisresilience.com/the-expedition/world-record/ |title= Setting A New ‘Coast-to-Pole’ Speed Record |publisher=WillisResilience.com |date=2013-10-07 |accessdate=2013-10-07}} 4. ^{{cite news|author=Correne Coetzer |url= http://www.explorersweb.com/polar/news.php?url=south-pole-2013-14-doug-stoup-and-parker_138054059/|title= South Pole 2013-14: Doug Stoup and Parker Liautaud for Leverett Glacier route |publisher= explorersweb.com |date=2013-09-30 |accessdate=2013-10-07}} 5. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/bas_research/our_research/current/programmes/icesheets/|title=Ice Sheets Programme Summary |publisher=British Antarctic Survey |accessdate=2013-10-15}} 6. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.climatechange2013.org/images/uploads/WGIAR5_WGI-12Doc2b_FinalDraft_All.pdf|title=IPCC Working Group I assessment report, Climate Change 2013: the Physical Science Basis|publisher=www.ipcc.ch |date=2013-09-27 |accessdate=2013-10-07}} 7. ^{{cite news|author=Correne Coetzer |url=http://www.explorersweb.com/polar/news.php?id=19887 |title= Breaking news: Christian Eide bags the South Pole solo speed ski world record |publisher=explorersweb.com |date=2011-01-13 |accessdate=2011-01-13}} 8. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.willisresilience.com/the-expedition/truck/ |title= A Custom-Built Communications Centre On Six Wheels |publisher= WillisResilience.com |date=2013-10-01 |accessdate=2013-10-07}} External links
5 : 2013 in Antarctica|Antarctic expeditions|United States and the Antarctic|Expeditions from the United States|2014 in Antarctica |
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