词条 | Windows 10 editions | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
Windows 10 has twelve editions, all with varying feature sets, use cases, or intended devices. Certain editions are distributed only on devices directly from a device manufacturer, while editions such as Enterprise and Education are only available through volume licensing channels. Microsoft also makes editions of Windows 10 available to device manufacturers for use on specific classes of devices, including smartphones (Windows 10 Mobile) and IoT devices.{{Windows 10}} Baseline editionsBaseline editions are the only editions available as standalone purchases in the retail outlets.
Windows 10 Home is designed for use in PCs, tablets and 2-in-1 PCs. It includes all features directed at consumers.[1][2][3]
Windows 10 Pro includes all features of Windows 10 Home, with additional capabilities that are oriented towards business environments, such as Active Directory, Remote Desktop, BitLocker, Hyper-V, and Windows Defender Device Guard.[1][2][3]Pro for Workstations Windows 10 Pro for Workstations is designed for high-end hardware for intensive computing tasks and supports Intel Xeon, AMD Opteron and the latest AMD Epyc processors; up to four CPUs; up to 6 TB RAM; the ReFS file system; Non-Volatile Dual In-line Memory Module (NVDIMM); and remote direct memory access (RDMA).[4][5][6] Organizational editionsThese editions add features to facilitate centralized control of many installations of the OS within an organization. The main avenue of acquiring them is a volume licensing contract with Microsoft.
Windows 10 Education is distributed through Academic Volume Licensing. It was built off of Windows 10 Enterprise and initially reported to have the same feature set.[1][2][3] As of version 1709, however, this edition has fewer features. See {{section link||Comparison chart}} for details.
This edition was introduced in July 2016 for hardware partners on new devices purchased with the discounted K–12 academic license. It was built off of the Pro edition of Windows 10 and contains the mostly same features as Windows 10 Pro with different options disabled by default, and adds options for setup and deployment in an education environment. It also features a "Set Up School PCs" app that allows provisioning of settings using a USB flash drive, and does not include Cortana, Microsoft Store suggestions, or Windows Spotlight.[7][8][9]
Windows 10 Enterprise provides all the features of Windows 10 Pro, with additional features to assist with IT-based organizations.[1][2][3] Windows 10 Enterprise is configurable on three branches, Semi-Annual Channel, Semi-Annual Channel (Targeted), and Windows Insider.[10]
Enterprise LTSC (Long-Term Servicing Channel) is a long-term support version of Windows 10 Enterprise released every 2 to 3 years. Each release is supported with security updates for 10 years after its release, and intentionally receive no feature updates. Some features, including the Microsoft Store and bundled apps, are not included in this edition.[11][1][3] This edition was first released as Windows 10 Enterprise LTSB (Long-Term Servicing Branch).[12] There are currently 3 releases of LTSC: one in 2015 (version 1507), one in 2016 (version 1607) and one in 2018 (version 1809).[13] Device-specific editionsThese editions are licensed to device manufacturers only. The main avenue of purchasing these editions is through buying specific devices (e.g. smartphones) that have them pre-installed.
Designed specifically for use in small footprint, low-cost devices and IoT scenarios. It is a rebranded version of Microsoft's earlier embedded operating systems, Windows Embedded. Three editions are already announced: IoT Core, IoT Enterprise, and IoT Mobile Enterprise.[14][15][16]Team Windows 10 Team is a device-specific version of Windows 10 loaded onto the Surface Hub.[17] Discontinued editionsThe following editions of Windows 10 are discontinued, i.e. were not part of Windows 10 version 1803. (For both Mobile and Mobile Enterprise, Microsoft confirmed it was exiting the Consumer Mobile Devices Market, so no successor product is available.[18])
Windows 10 Mobile is designed for smartphones and small tablets. It includes all basic consumer features, including Continuum capability. It is the de facto successor of Windows Phone 8.1 and Windows RT.[1][2]Mobile Enterprise Windows 10 Mobile Enterprise provides all the features in Windows 10 Mobile, with additional features to assist IT-based organizations, in a manner similar to Windows 10 Enterprise, but optimized for mobile devices.[1][2]S Windows 10 S is a feature-limited edition of Windows 10 designed primarily for low-end devices in the education market. It has a faster initial setup and login process, and allows devices to be provisioned using a USB drive with the "Set Up School PCs" app. Windows 10 S only allows the installation of software (both Universal Windows Platform and Windows API apps) from Microsoft Store, although command line programs or shells (even from Microsoft Store) are not allowed.[19][20] System settings are locked to allow only Microsoft Edge as the default web browser with Bing as its search engine.[21] The operating system may be upgraded to Windows 10 Pro for a fee, to enable unrestricted software installation.[22][23] All Windows 10 S devices include a free one-year subscription to Education Edition. Critics have compared the edition to Windows RT, and have considered it to be a competitor to Chrome OS.[22][24][25][26][27] In March 2018, Microsoft announced that it would be phasing out Windows 10 S, citing confusion among manufacturers and end-users. Microsoft plans to replace this edition with the ability for vendors to ship their Windows 10 Home or Pro devices in "S Mode", wherein Windows defaults to only allowing applications to be installed from Microsoft Store, but does not require payment in order to disable these restrictions.[28][29] VariationsAs with previous versions of Windows since XP, all Windows 10 editions for PC hardware have "N" and "KN" variations in Europe and South Korea that exclude certain bundled multimedia functionality, including media players and related components, in order to comply with antitrust rulings. The "Media Feature Pack" can be installed to restore these features.[30] As with Windows 8.1, a reduced-price "Windows 10 with Bing" SKU is available to OEMs; it is subsidized by having Microsoft's Bing search engine set as default, which cannot be changed to a different search engine by OEMs. It is intended primarily for low-cost devices, and is otherwise identical to Windows 10 Home.[31] In May 2017, it was reported that Microsoft had, as part of its partnership with China Electronics Technology Group, created a specially-modified version of Windows 10 Enterprise designed for use within branches of the Chinese government. This version is pre-configured to "remove features that are not needed by Chinese government employees", and allow the use of its internal encryption algorithms.[32][33] Comparison chart
Microsoft OEM licensing formula takes display size, RAM capacity and storage capacity into account. In mid-2015, devices with 4 GB RAM were expected to be $20 more expensive than devices with 2 GB RAM.[42] Upgrade pathFree upgradeAt the time of launch, Microsoft deemed Windows 7 (with Service Pack 1), Windows 8 and Windows 8.1 users eligible to upgrade to Windows 10 free of charge, so long as the upgrade takes place within one year of Windows 10's initial release date. Windows RT and the respective Enterprise editions of Windows 7, 8, and 8.1 were excluded from this offer.[43]
Commercial upgradeThe following table summarizes possible upgrade paths that can be taken, provided that proper licenses are purchased.
Release branchesNew releases of Windows{{nbsp}}10, called feature updates,[11] are released twice a year as a free update for existing Windows 10 users. Each feature update contains new features and other changes to the operating system.[45] The pace at which a system receives feature updates is dependent on the release branch from which the system downloads its updates. Windows 10 Pro, Enterprise and Education can optionally use a branch that receives updates at a slower pace. These modes can be managed through system settings, Windows Server Update Services (WSUS), Windows Update for Business, Group Policy or through mobile device management systems such as Microsoft Intune.[11]
Windows Insider is a beta testing program that allows access to pre-release builds of Windows 10; it is designed to allow power users, developers, and vendors to test and provide feedback on future feature updates to Windows 10 as they are developed. Windows Insider itself consists of three "rings", "fast" (which receives new builds as they are released), "Slow" (which receives new builds on a delay after it is deployed to Fast ring users), and "Release Preview".
The Semi-Annual Channel (Targeted), previously known as the Current Branch (CB), distributes all feature updates as they graduate from the Windows Insider branch. Microsoft only supports the latest build. As of version 1703, additional settings are provided to pause or defer feature updates for a specified length of time, but they are not available on Windows 10 Home.[46][47]
The Semi-Annual Channel, previously known as Current Branch for Business (CBB), distributes feature updates on a four-month delay from their original release to the Semi-Annual Channel. This allows customers and vendors to evaluate and perform additional testing on new builds before broader deployments. Devices can be switched back to the Semi-Annual Channel (Targeted) at any time. The Semi-Annual Channel is not available on Windows 10 Home.[11][48]
This servicing option is exclusively available for Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC edition and distributes snapshots of this edition that are updated every 2-3 years. LTSC builds adhere to Microsoft's traditional support policy which was in effect before Windows 10: They are not updated with new features, and are supported with critical updates for 10 years after their release. Microsoft officially discourages the use of LTSC outside of "special-purpose devices" that perform a fixed function and thus do not require new user experience features. As a result, it excludes Windows Store, most Cortana functionality, and most bundled apps (including Microsoft Edge).[11][1][3] According to a Microsoft announcement, this servicing option was renamed from Long-Term Servicing Branch (LTSB) in 2016 to Long-Term Servicing Channel (LTSC) in 2018, to match the name changes mentioned above.[12] See also
Notes{{Noteslist}}References1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{Cite web |url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2015/05/13/introducing-windows-10-editions/ |title=Introducing Windows 10 Editions |last=Prophet |first=Tony |date=May 13, 2015 |website=Windows Experience Blog |publisher=Microsoft}} [50]2. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-editions-explained-in-plain-english/ |title=Windows 10 editions: Everything you need to know |last=Bott |first=Ed |date=May 14, 2015 |website=ZDNet |publisher=CBS Interactive}} 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/which-windows-10-editions-get-which-features/ |title=Which Windows 10 editions get which features? |last=Foley |first=Mary Jo |date=July 2, 2015 |website=ZDNet |publisher=CBS Interactive}} 4. ^{{Cite web|url=https://blogs.windows.com/business/2017/08/10/microsoft-announces-windows-10-pro-workstations/|title=Microsoft announces Windows 10 Pro for Workstations|last=Diaconu|first=Klaus|date=August 10, 2017|website=Windows For Your Business|publisher=Microsoft}} 5. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-confirms-new-windows-10-pro-for-workstations-edition/|title=Microsoft confirms new Windows 10 Pro for Workstations edition|last=Foley|first=Mary Jo|date=August 10, 2017|work=ZDNet|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|publisher=CBS Interactive|author-link=Mary Jo Foley}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/8/10/16128072/microsoft-windows-10-pro-for-workstations-features|title=Microsoft reveals new Windows 10 Workstations edition for power users|last=Warren|first=Tom|date=August 10, 2017|website=The Verge|publisher=Vox Media|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 7. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-to-add-new-windows-10-pro-education-version-to-its-line-up/ |title=Microsoft to add new Windows 10 Pro Education edition to its line-up |last=Foley |first=Mary Jo |date=July 27, 2016 |website=ZDNet |publisher=CBS Interactive}} 8. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/3181976/windows-10-editions-for-education-customers|title=Windows 10 editions for education customers|publisher=Microsoft|accessdate=February 22, 2019}} 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/configuration/manage-tips-and-suggestions|title=Manage Windows 10 and Microsoft Store tips, "fun facts", and suggestions|publisher=Microsoft||accessdate=February 22, 2019}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/waas-servicing-branches-windows-10-updates|title=Assign devices to servicing branches for Windows 10 updates (Windows 10)|last=DaniHalfin|website=docs.microsoft.com|language=en-us|access-date=May 3, 2017}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 {{Cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/update/waas-overview |title=Overview of Windows as a service |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=May 6, 2017}} 12. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.ghacks.net/2017/07/28/windows-10-ltsb-becomes-windows-10-ltsc/|title=Windows 10 LTSB becomes Windows 10 LTSC|last=Brinkmann|first=Martin|date=July 28, 2017|work=gHacks Technology News|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=}} 13. ^{{cite web |last1=Keizer |first1=Gregg |title=FAQ: Windows 10 LTSB explained |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/3250464/microsoft-windows/faq-windows-10-ltsb-explained.html |website=Computerworld |accessdate=3 October 2018 |language=en}} 14. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/WindowsForBusiness/windows-iot |title=Windows 10 IoT for your business |website=Windows for Business |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=January 16, 2016}} 15. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.msembedded.biz/en/embedded-software/windows-10-iot-enterprise/ |title=Windows 10 IoT Enterprise |date=August 14, 2015 |website=MS Embedded |publisher=Silica |access-date=February 1, 2016}} 16. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/microsoft-updates-windows-10-iot-adds-new-core-pro-version/ |title=Microsoft updates Windows 10 IoT, adds new Core Pro version |last=Foley |first=Mary Jo |date=December 3, 2015 |website=ZDNet |publisher=CBS Interactive}} 17. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.neowin.net/news/windows-10-team-anniversary-update-now-available-for-microsoft-surface-hub|title=Windows 10 Team Anniversary Update now available for Microsoft Surface Hub|work=Neowin|access-date=May 3, 2017|language=en}} 18. ^{{cite web |last1=Patrizio |first1=Andy |title=Microsoft is leaving the consumer mobile market |url=https://www.networkworld.com/article/3126088/mobile-wireless/microsoft-is-leaving-the-consumer-mobile-market.html |website=Network World |publisher=IDG Publishing |accessdate=30 August 2018}} 19. ^{{Cite web |url=https://blogs.msdn.microsoft.com/commandline/2017/05/18/will-linux-distros-run-on-windows-10-s/ |title=Will Linux distros run on Windows 10 S? |last=Turner |first=Rich |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=May 26, 2017}} 20. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/5/19/15666356/linux-distros-command-line-windows-10-s-store |title=Linux distros won’t run on Windows 10 S after all |last=Gartenberg |first=Chaim |date=May 19, 2017 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media}} 21. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/2/15525654/microsoft-windows-10s-default-browser-microsoft-edge |title=Windows 10 S won't let you change the default browser or switch to Google search |last=Warren |first=Tom |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media}} 22. ^1 {{Cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3193700/windows/meet-windows-10-s-a-streamlined-simplified-windows-store-only-os-for-schools.html |title=Meet Windows 10 S, a streamlined, simplified, Microsoft Store-only OS for schools |last=Chacos |first=Brad |website=PC World |publisher=IDG}} 23. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/6/19/15830772/microsoft-surface-laptop-windows-10-s-recovery-images |title=Microsoft now lets Surface Laptop owners revert back to Windows 10 S |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=June 19, 2017 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media}} 24. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/5/2/15506378/microsoft-windows-10-s-os-operating-system-announced-features |title=Windows 10 S is Microsoft's answer to Chrome OS |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |access-date=May 2, 2017}} 25. ^{{Cite web |url=https://arstechnica.com/information-technology/2016/09/desktop-apps-make-their-way-into-the-windows-store/ |title=Desktop apps make their way into the Microsoft Store |last=Bright |first=Peter |date=September 14, 2016 |website=Ars Technica |publisher=Condé Nast}} 26. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/2/3/14502748/windows-10-cloud-leaked-screenshots |title=Windows 10 Cloud looks just like Windows 10 in leaked screenshots |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media |access-date=March 11, 2017}} 27. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.pcworld.com/article/3191195/computers/leaked-microsoft-document-confirms-windows-10-cloud-and-a-chromebook-competitor.html |title=Leaked Microsoft document confirms Windows 10 Cloud and a Chromebook competitor |website=PC World |publisher=IDG |access-date=April 23, 2017}} 28. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.theverge.com/2018/3/8/17095424/microsoft-windows-10-s-mode-free-upgrades|title=Microsoft admits Windows 10 S was confusing, new ‘S Mode’ upgrades will be free|work=The Verge|access-date=2018-03-08}} 29. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-to-permit-block-on-apps-installing-if-theyre-not-from-microsoft-store/|title=Windows 10 to permit block on apps installing if they're not from Microsoft Store|last=Tung|first=Liam|work=ZDNet|access-date=2018-03-08|language=en}} 30. ^{{cite news |author=Ron |title=Grab the Media Feature Pack for Windows 10 N and Windows 10 KN editions. |url=http://www.winbeta.org/news/grab-media-feature-pack-windows-10-n-and-windows-10-kn-editions |newspaper=WinBeta |date=August 2, 2015 |access-date=March 11, 2016}} 31. ^{{cite web|last1=Slater-Robins|first1=Max|title=Microsoft is helping manufacturers make cheap tablets that can run Windows as well as Android|url=http://uk.businessinsider.com/windows-10-with-bing-cheap-tablets-2015-8|website=Business Insider UK|publisher=Business Insider UK|accessdate=April 23, 2016}} 32. ^{{cite web|title=Microsoft made a version of Windows 10 for the Chinese government|url=https://www.engadget.com/2017/05/23/windows-10-china-government-edition/|website=Engadget|accessdate=May 28, 2017}} 33. ^{{Cite web |url=https://blogs.windows.com/windowsexperience/2017/05/23/announcing-windows-10-china-government-edition-new-surface-pro/ |title=Announcing Windows 10 China Government Edition and the new Surface Pro |last=Myerson |first=Terry |date=May 23, 2017 |website=Windows 10 blog |publisher=Microsoft}} 34. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.neowin.net/news/microsoft-shows-oems-how-to-market-windows-10-talks-features-and-skus |title=Microsoft shows OEMs how to market Windows 10; talks features and SKUs |last1=Dudau |first1=Vlad |date=June 10, 2015 |website=Neowin |publisher=Neowin LLC |access-date=June 19, 2015}} 35. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/WindowsForBusiness/Compare |title=Compare Windows 10 Pro & Enterprise (E3 & E5) Commercial Editions |website=microsoft.com |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=July 2, 2015}} 36. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/compare |title=Compare Windows 10 Editions & Versions {{!}} Home & Pro |website=microsoft.com |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=October 30, 2017}} 37. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.anandtech.com/show/9413/windows-10-editions-compared |title=Windows 10 Editions Compared |last=Howse |first=Brett |date=July 2, 2015 |website=AnandTech |publisher=Purch}} 38. ^{{Cite web |url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/configuration/configure-windows-telemetry-in-your-organization |title=Configure Windows telemetry in your organization |date=May 22, 2017 |website=docs.microsoft.com |publisher=Microsoft|access-date=}} 39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.zdnet.com/article/some-windows-10-enterprise-users-wont-get-microsofts-edge-browser/ |title=Some Windows 10 Enterprise users won't get Microsoft's Edge browser |last1=Foley |first1=Mary Jo |date=June 9, 2015 |website=ZDNet |publisher=CBS Interactive |access-date=June 10, 2015}} 40. ^{{cite web|title=Features that are removed or deprecated in Windows 10 Fall Creators Update|url=https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4034825/features-that-are-removed-or-deprecated-in-windows-10-fall-creators-up|website=Support|publisher=Microsoft|date=October 17, 2017 |edition=28}} 41. ^{{Cite web|url=https://wincom.blob.core.windows.net/documents/Win10EditionsCompareTable_FINAL.pdf|website=wincom.blob.core.windows.net|access-date=2019-01-15}} 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dramexchange.com/WeeklyResearch/Post/2/4118.html|title=TrendForce Adjusts Notebooks’ Unit Memory Capacity for 2015 Down by 3~5% due to Microsoft’s New License Fee Arrangement for Windows 10|last=|first=|date=July 27, 2015|website=DRAMeXchange|publisher=TrendForce Corp.|access-date=March 11, 2016}} 43. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Trent|first1=Rod|title=Windows 10 Upgrade Paths|url=http://winsupersite.com/windows-10/windows-10-upgrade-paths|website=SuperSite for Windows|publisher=Penton|date=June 9, 2015}} 44. ^{{cite web|last1=Lindsay|first1=Greg|last2=Lich|first2=Brian|title=Windows 10 upgrade paths|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/upgrade/windows-10-upgrade-paths|website=Microsoft Docs|publisher=Microsoft|date=April 5, 2017}} 45. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.theverge.com/2017/4/20/15374864/microsoft-windows-10-update-september-2017 |title=Microsoft will now release major Windows 10 updates every March and September |last=Warren |first=Tom |date=April 20, 2017 |website=The Verge |publisher=Vox Media}} 46. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.computerworld.com/article/3176013/microsoft-windows/new-win10-update-throttle-setting-appears-hidden-in-creators-update-build-15046.html |title=Put Windows 10 updates on hold—now available in Creators Update build 15046 |last=Leonhard |first=Woody |date=March 1, 2017 |website=Computerworld |publisher=IDG |access-date=May 6, 2017}} 47. ^{{Cite web |url=https://www.pcworld.com/article/3190574/windows/how-to-defer-future-updates-in-the-windows-10-creators-update.html |title=How to defer future updates in the Windows 10 Creators Update |last=Paul |first=Ian |date=April 18, 2017 |website=PC World |publisher=IDG}} 48. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.computerworld.com/article/3005569/microsoft-windows/how-to-defer-upgrades-and-updates-in-windows-10-pro.html |title=How to defer upgrades and updates in Windows 10 Pro |last=Keizer |first=Gregg |date=November 17, 2015 |website=Computerworld |publisher=IDG}} 49. ^https://www.neowin.net/news/windows-server-2019-and-windows-server-version-1809-will-be-generally-available-in-october/ 50. ^1 2 3 {{Cite web|url=https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/deployment/planning/windows-to-go-frequently-asked-questions#wtg-faq-whatis |title=Windows To Go frequently asked questions (Windows 10)|first1=Michael |last1=Niehaus |first2=Brian |last2=Lich |website=docs.microsoft.com |publisher=Microsoft |access-date=July 30, 2017 |quote=How can Windows To Go be deployed in an organization? [~snip~] A Windows 10 Enterprise or Windows 10 Education image}} }}{{History of Windows}} 2 : Windows 10|Windows NT |
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