| 词条 | Winfield Creek |
| 释义 |
| name = Winfield Creek | name_other = Dry Run | image = Winfield Creek looking upstream.JPG | image_caption = Winfield Creek looking upstream in Winfield | source1_location = valley on a ridge in Union Township, Union County, Pennsylvania | mouth_location = West Branch Susquehanna River in Union Township, Union County, Pennsylvania | mouth_coordinates = {{coord|40.9129|-76.8502|region:US-PA|format=dms|display=inline,title}} | progression = West Branch Susquehanna River → Susquehanna River → Chesapeake Bay | length = {{convert|4.4|mi|km|abbr=on}} | source1_elevation = between {{convert|700|and|720|ft|m}} | mouth_elevation = {{convert|430|ft|m|abbr=on}} | basin_size = {{convert|5.38|sqmi|km2|abbr=on}} | tributaries_left = one unnamed tributary | tributaries_right = three unnamed tributaries }} Winfield Creek (also known as Dry Run) is a tributary of the West Branch Susquehanna River in Union County, Pennsylvania, in the United States. It is approximately {{convert|4.4|mi|km}} long and flows through Union Township.[1] The watershed of the creek has an area of {{convert|5.38|sqmi|km2}}. The creek is designated as an impaired stream, with the causes being habitat alteration and sedimentation/siltation. The creek is designated as a Warmwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery, but is not a trout fishery. CourseWinfield Creek begins in a valley on a ridge in Union Township. It flows southwest for a short distance before turning south and entering a much broader valley. The creek then turns south-southeast for a few tenths of a mile, crossing Pennsylvania Route 304 before turning east-northeast. It flows in this direction through the valley for several miles, running alongside Pennsylvania Route 304 and entering the census-designated place of Winfield. However, the creek eventually turns northeast and crosses US Route 15 before turning east. A short distance further downstream, it reaches its confluence with the West Branch Susquehanna River.[1] Winfield Creek joins the West Branch Susquehanna River {{convert|3.54|mi|km}} upriver of its mouth, making it the final named tributary of the river.[1][2] TributariesWinfield Creek has no named tributaries. However, it does have four unnamed tributaries. Three join the creek on its right bank and one joins it on its left bank.[1] HydrologyWinfield Creek is designated as an impaired stream. The causes of the impairment are habitat alteration and sedimentation/siltation. The probably sources of the impairment are channelization and crop-related agriculture.[3] Geography and geologyThe elevation near the mouth of Winfield Creek is {{convert|430|ft|m}} above sea level.[4] The elevation of the creek's source is between {{convert|700|and|720|ft|m}} above sea level.[1] Winfield Creek joins the West Branch Susquehanna River on its right bank.[5] Winfield Creek is a very small stream and flows through a limestone valley.[6] The creek flows through a narrow valley, which is bordered by Shamokin Mountain on the north and highlands on the south.[7] WatershedThe watershed of Winfield Creek has an area of {{convert|5.38|sqmi|km2}}.[2] The mouth of the creek is in the United States Geological Survey quadrangle of Northumberland. However, its source is in the quadrangle of Lewisburg.[4] HistoryWinfield Creek was entered into the Geographic Names Information System on August 2, 1979. Its identifier in the Geographic Names Information System is 1191593.[4] The creek has also been known as Dry Run.[8] In 1774, John Lee, a major in Pennsylvania's militia, received a patent from John and Thomas Penn for a tract of land known as "Lees Adventure", which was located near Winfield Creek.[8] John Aurandt also historically owned land in the creek's vicinity. The Winfield Creek massacre occurred in 1782.[9] A concrete tee beam bridge carrying US Route 15 over Winfield Creek was constructed in 1930 and repaired in 1962. It is {{convert|49.9|ft|m}} long and is situated in Winfield. A two-span concrete culvert bridge carrying State Route 2009 over the creek was built in 1991. It is {{convert|29.9|ft|m}} long and is also in Winfield.[10] BiologyThe drainage basin of Winfield Creek is designated as a Warmwater Fishery and a Migratory Fishery.[11] The creek is not a trout fishery.[6] A. Joseph Armstrong described the creek as "not worth further investigation" in his book Trout Unlimited's Guide to Pennsylvania Limestone Streams.[6] See also
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{Citation|author = United States Geological Survey|url = http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/?p=default&b=base1&x=-8552692.188496461&y=4997259.457994163&l=14&v=NHD%3A1%3B2%3B3%3B4%3B5%3B6%3B8%3B9%3B10%3B11%3B12%3B13%3B14%3B15%2CBoundaries%3A1%3B2%3B3%3B4%3B5%3B6%3B7%3B8%3B9%3B11%3B12%3B13%3B14%3B15%3B16%3B17%3B18%3B19|title = The National Map Viewer|accessdate = June 28, 2015}} 2. ^1 {{Citation|url = http://www.lycoming.edu/cwi/pdfs/paGazetterOfStreams.pdf|title = Pennsylvania Gazetteer of Streams|page = 152|date = November 2, 2001|accessdate = June 28, 2015}} 3. ^{{Citation|author = United States Environmental Protection Agency|url = http://oaspub.epa.gov/tmdl/attains_waterbody.control?p_list_id=&p_au_id=PA2285&p_cycle=2006&p_state=PA&p_report_type=A|title = 2006 Waterbody Report for Winfield Creek|accessdate = June 28, 2015}} 4. ^1 2 {{Citation|author = Geographic Names Information System|url = http://gnis.usgs.gov/apex/f?p=136:3:0::NO::P3_FID,P3_TITLE:1191593,Winfield%20Creek|title = Feature Detail Report for: Winfield Creek|accessdate = June 28, 2015}} 5. ^{{Citation|author = United States Army Corps of Engineers|url = http://www.hec.usace.army.mil/publications/ProjectReports/PR-56.pdf|title = Susquehanna River Flood Warning and Response System|accessdate = June 28, 2015}} 6. ^1 2 {{Citation|author = A. Joseph Armstrong|publisher = Stackpole Books|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=mhRawG_jSJgC&pg=PA241&lpg=PA241&dq=%22Winfield+Creek%22+pa|title = Trout Unlimited's Guide to Pennsylvania Limestone Streams|page = 225|date = January 1, 2000|isbn = 9780811729444}} 7. ^{{Citation|url = https://books.google.com/books?id=B-sRAQAAMAAJ&q=%22Winfield+Creek%22+pa&dq=%22Winfield+Creek%22+pa|title = Engineering Research Bulletin|issue=80–83|page = 62|year = 1960|author1 = College Of Engineering|first1 = Pennsylvania State University}} 8. ^1 {{Citation|author = K. Kunz Swope|url = http://www.insidepamagazine.com/editions/fall_2013/article8.htm|title = Roadside Requiem|work=Inside Pennsylvania Magazine|accessdate = June 28, 2015}} 9. ^{{Citation|author = Miriam Aurandt Harbaugh|url = https://books.google.com/?id=1j4xAAAAMAAJ&dq=%22Winfield+Creek%22+pa&q=%22Winfield+Creek%22|title = The Aurandt Panorama, 1550–1982|pages = 64, 68|year = 1983}} 10. ^{{Citation|url = http://www.uglybridges.com/pa/union/|title = Union County|accessdate = June 28, 2015}} 11. ^{{Citation|work = Pennsylvania Code|url = http://www.pacode.com/secure/data/025/chapter93/s93.9l.html|title = § 93.9l. Drainage List L. Susquehanna River Basin in Pennsylvania West Branch Susquehanna River|accessdate = June 28, 2015}} 3 : Rivers of Union County, Pennsylvania|Tributaries of the West Branch Susquehanna River|Rivers of Pennsylvania |
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