| 词条 | Winnie Byanyima |
| 释义 |
| name = Winnie Byanyima | image = Winnie Byanyima, directrice exécutive d'Oxfam international (cropped).jpg | image_size = | caption = Byanyima in 2015 | birth_date = {{Birth date and age|df=yes|1959|1|13}} | birth_place = Mbarara, Uganda | death_date = | death_place = | residence = London, United Kingdom | nationality = Ugandan | citizenship = Uganda | alma_mater = University of Manchester {{small|(Bachelor of Science in aeronautical engineering)}} Cranfield University {{small|(Master of Science in mechanical engineering)}} | occupation = Engineer, politician, and diplomat | years_active = 1981 – present | known_for = Politics | home_town = Mbarara | networth = | title = | spouse = Kizza Besigye }}Winifred Byanyima (born 13 January 1959)[1] is a Ugandan aeronautical engineer, politician, and diplomat. She is the executive director of Oxfam International, to which she was appointed in May 2013.[2] Before that, she served as the director of the Gender Team in the Bureau for Development Policy at the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) from 2006.[3] BackgroundByanyima was born in Mbarara District in the Western Region of Uganda, a British protectorate at the time. Her parents are Boniface Byanyima, one-time national chairman of the Democratic Party in Uganda, and Gertrude Byanyima, a former schoolteacher who died in November 2008.[4] Winnie Byanyima attended Mount Saint Mary's College Namagunga in Mukono District. She went on to obtain a bachelor's degree in aeronautical engineering from the University of Manchester, becoming the first female Ugandan to become an aeronautical engineer. She later received a master's degree in mechanical engineering, specializing in energy conservation from Cranfield University.[5] Professional careerFollowing the completion of her training as an aeronautical engineer, Byanyima worked as a flight engineer for Uganda Airlines. When Yoweri Museveni started the 1981–1986 Ugandan Bush War, Byanyima left her job and joined the armed rebellion. Museveni and Byanyima had been raised together at the Byanyima household as children, with the Byanyima family paying for all Museveni's education and scholastic needs. Museveni, Byanyima, and her husband Kizza Besigye were combatants in the National Resistance Army (NRA) during that war. Both Byanyima and her husband have since fallen out with the Ugandan president because of his repressive undemocratic rule despite his earlier stated convictions.[6] After the NRA won that war, Byanyima served as Uganda's ambassador to France from 1989 until 1994. She then returned home and became an active participant in Ugandan politics. She served as a member of the Constituent Assembly that drafted the 1995 Ugandan Constitution. She then served two consecutive terms as a member of parliament, representing Mbarara Municipality from 1994 until 2004. She was then appointed director of the Directorate of Women, Gender and Development at the headquarters of the African Union in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. She served in that capacity until she was appointed as director of the Gender Team in the Bureau for Development Policy at UNDP in November 2006.[7] In January 2013, Byanyima was announced as the next executive director of Oxfam International,[8] replacing Jeremy Hobbs. Byanyima began her five-year directorship at Oxfam on 1 May 2013.[9] In December 2017, she announced acceptance of an offer from Oxfam's Board of Supervisors to serve a second five-year term as Oxfam International's Executive Director.[10] In January 2015, Byanyima co-chaired the World Economic Forum in Davos. She used the forum to press for action to narrow the gap between rich and poor. The charity's research claims that the share of the world's wealth owned by the richest 1 percent of the world population had increased to nearly 50 percent in 2014, whereas 99 percent shares the other half.[11][12][13] Oxfam's figures are strongly contested by several economists.[14] In November 2016, Byanyima was appointed by United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon to the High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines, co-chaired by Ruth Dreifuss, former President of Switzerland, and Festus Mogae, former President of Botswana.[15] Personal detailsByanyima is married to political opposition figure Kizza Besigye, the former chairman of the Forum for Democratic Change (FDC) political party in Uganda. They are the parents of one son named Anselm. Byanyima is a member of the FDC, although she has significantly reduced her participation in partisan Ugandan politics since she became a Ugandan diplomat in 2004.[16] She has five siblings: Edith, Anthony, Martha, Abraham, and Olivia.[17] References1. ^{{Cite news |url=http://www.la-razon.com/suplementos/animal_politico/Winnie-Byanyima-animal-paridad-politico_0_3050694907.html |title=Winnie Byanyima : 'Como vamos, llegar a la paridad costará 150 años más' |last=Bustillos |first=Iván |date=5 December 2018 |work=La Razón |access-date=10 January 2019 |language=es }} 2. ^{{cite web | title=Winnie Byanyima Appointed To Lead Oxfam International | date=15 January 2013 |last=Administrator | accessdate=19 July 2014 | publisher=Oxfamblogs.org | url=http://www.oxfamblogs.org/eastafrica/?p=5641}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.afdb.org/en/news-and-events/article/interview-with-undp-gender-team-director-winnie-byanyima-incorporating-gender-perspective-in-all-steps-of-economic-policy-management-process-7373/ | title=Interview With UNDP Gender Team Director, Winnie Byanyima – "Incorporating Gender Perspective in All Steps of Economic Policy Management Process" |last=ADB | date=29 October 2010 | accessdate=19 July 2014 | publisher=African Development Bank (ADB)}} 4. ^{{cite news| url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/659377 | title=Byanyima's Wife Dead | date=13 November 2008 | newspaper=New Vision (Kampala) | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150119170530/https://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/659377 |archive-date=19 January 2015 | accessdate=19 July 2014 | first1=Conan |last1=Businge | first2=Ali |last2=Waiswa}} 5. ^{{cite web | date=January 2015 | url=https://www.oxfam.org/en/winnie-byanyima-oxfam-international-executive-director | accessdate=7 April 2015 | last=Oxfam | publisher=Oxford Committee for Famine Relief (Oxfam) | title=Winnie Byanyima, Oxfam International Executive Director}} 6. ^{{cite web | accessdate=19 July 2014 | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/-/688334/1157272/-/c22kvez/-/index.html | title=Besigye Injuries Disturbing, Says Byanyima | newspaper=Daily Monitor (Kampala) | date=6 May 2011 | last=Butagira| first=Tabu}} 7. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/13/535097 | title=Byanyima Scoops Top Job | publisher=New Vision | date=29 November 2006 | accessdate=19 July 2014 | last=Onyalla | first=Harriette}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.observer.ug/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=23180:winnie-byanyima-to-head-oxfam&catid=34:news&Itemid=114 | title=Winnie Byanyima To Head Oxfam | date=15 January 2013 | first=Edris | last=Kiggundu | accessdate=19 July 2014 | newspaper=The Observer (Uganda)}} 9. ^{{cite web | last=Business |url=http://www.herald.co.zw/income-inequalities-threaten-africa | first=Reporter | title=Income Inequalities Threaten Africa | publisher=The Herald | date=6 May 2013 | accessdate=19 July 2014}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressreleases/2017-12-04/winnie-byanyima-serve-second-5-year-term-leading-oxfam|title=Winnie Byanyima to serve second 5-year term leading Oxfam International, from Nairobi {{!}} Oxfam International|website=www.oxfam.org|language=en|access-date=4 December 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2015/jan/19/global-wealth-oxfam-inequality-davos-economic-summit-switzerland|title=New Oxfam Report Says Half of Global Wealth Held by the Top One Percent | accessdate=7 April 2015 | date=19 January 2015 | last=Larry Elliott | first=and Ed Pilkington | newspaper=The Guardian (London)}} 12. ^{{cite web | newspaper=The Guardian (London) | url=https://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/jan/20/oxfam-85-richest-people-half-of-the-world | title=Oxfam: 85 Richest People As Wealthy As Poorest Half of The World | first=Graeme | last=Wearden | accessdate=7 April 2015 | date=20 January 2015}} 13. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.bbc.com/news/business-30875633 | title=Richest 1% To Own More Than Rest of World, Oxfam Says | last=BBC Business | publisher=BBC News | accessdate=7 April 2015 | date=19 January 2015}} 14. ^{{cite web | date=28 January 2015 | first=Vauhini | url=http://www.newyorker.com/business/currency/critics-oxfams-poverty-statistics-missing-point | title=Critics of Oxfam's Poverty Statistics Are Missing The Point | last=Vara | newspaper=The New Yorker | accessdate=7 April 2015}} 15. ^[https://www.un.org/press/en/2015/sga1608.doc.htm Secretary-General Appoints Two Former Presidents, 14 Others as Members of High-Level Panel on Access to Medicines] United Nations, press release of 19 November 2015. 16. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/9/803/745788|title=I Cannot Leave Baby Besigye, Says Winnie | newspaper=New Vision (Kampala)|date=4 February 2011 | accessdate=19 July 2014 | last=Raymond Baguma | first=and Abdulkarim Ssengendo}} 17. ^{{cite web | url= http://www.newvision.co.ug/D/8/18/659964 | title=Winnie Byanyima Hails Deceased Mother | newspaper=New Vision (Kampala) | first=Felix | accessdate=19 July 2014 | last=Basiime | date=17 November 2008}} External links{{Commonscat}}
21 : Ugandan officials of the United Nations|Living people|1959 births|Ugandan aviators|Members of the Parliament of Uganda|Ugandan women engineers|Women in technology|Mbarara District|Ugandan engineers|Ambassadors of Uganda to France|Forum for Democratic Change politicians|People from Mbarara District|People from Western Region, Uganda|Alumni of the University of Manchester|Alumni of Cranfield University|Ugandan women diplomats|20th-century women politicians|21st-century women politicians|Women ambassadors|People educated at Mount Saint Mary's College Namagunga|21st-century women engineers |
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