| 词条 | Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting |
| 释义 |
| title = Wisconsin Sikh temple shooting | map = {{Location map many | Wisconsin#United States | width = 250 | label = Oak Creek | position = center | background = #FFFFDD | coordinates = {{coord|42|54|29|N|87|54|39|W}} }} | map_size = 150px | map_alt = | location = Sikh Temple of Wisconsin 7512 S. Howell Avenue Oak Creek, Wisconsin, United States | target = Worshippers at a Sikh temple | coordinates = {{coord|42|54|29|N|87|54|39|W|display=inline,title|scale:50000_region:US_type:event}} | date = {{start date|2012|8|5}} | time = 10:25 a.m. | timezone = CDT | type = Mass shooting, murder-suicide, | fatalities = 7 (Including the perpetrator) | injuries = 4 | weapons = 9mm Springfield XD(M) semi-automatic pistol[1][2] | perp = Wade Michael Page[3] | motive = Racial hatred }} On August 5, 2012, a mass shooting took place at the gurdwara (Sikh temple) in Oak Creek, Wisconsin, United States where 40-year-old Wade Michael Page fatally shot six people and wounded four others.[2][3] Page committed suicide by shooting himself in the head after he was shot in the hip by a responding police officer. Page was an American white supremacist and Army veteran from Cudahy, Wisconsin. Apart from the shooter, all of the dead were members of the Sikh faith. The incident drew responses from President Barack Obama and Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh. Dignitaries attended candlelight vigils in countries such as the U.S., Canada, and India.[2][4][5] First Lady Michelle Obama visited the temple on August 23, 2012.[6] IncidentFollowing emergency calls around 10:25 a.m. CDT, police responded to a shooting at a Sikh gurdwara located in Oak Creek, Wisconsin. On arrival, they engaged the gunman, later identified as Wade Michael Page, who had shot several people at the temple, killing six. Page wounded an officer; after being shot in the stomach by another, he fatally shot himself in the head. He was armed with a 9mm Springfield XD(M) semi-automatic pistol.[7][8] Page had legally purchased the gun in Wisconsin.[7] Four people were killed inside the temple, and three people, including Page, died outside. Page killed five men and one woman, ranging in age from 39 to 84.[8] Three men were transported to Froedtert Hospital, including one of the responding officers.[9][10][11][12] Initial reports said the gunman had died from being shot by police officers at the scene, but the FBI later clarified that Page, after being shot by an officer, died from a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the head.[13][14] Authorities released an audio recording of the incident, during which the first responding officer, Lieutenant Brian Murphy, was shot by the gunman. It contained the words "I have someone walking out the driveway towards me. Man with a gun, white t-shirt", followed by the sound of gunfire.[15] In September 2012, authorities released video recordings taken by squad cars during the incident, including the moments when Murphy was shot, and the gunman being shot by another officer.[16] Murphy was shot fifteen times by Page, but survived.[17] The temple was preparing langar, a Sikh communal meal, for later in the day.[8] Witnesses suggested that women and children would have been at the temple preparing for the meal at the time of the incident, as children's classes were scheduled to begin at 11:30 a.m.[18][19] The Joint Terrorism Task Force investigated the site, and Oak Creek police chief John Edwards said his force treated the incident as a "domestic terrorism incident" in "the beginning stages of this investigation".[20][21] Oak Creek police handed the investigation over to the FBI.[22] They also investigated possible ties to white supremacist groups and other racial motivations.[29][23][24][25] The FBI said there was no reason to think anyone else was involved in the attack, and they were not aware of any past threat made against the temple.[26] U.S. Attorney General Eric Holder described the incident as "an act of terrorism, an act of hatred, a hate crime".[27] VictimsThe six victims killed[28] included one woman: Paramjit Kaur, 41; and five men: Satwant Singh Kaleka, 65, the founder of the gurdwara; Prakash Singh, 39, a Granthi; Sita Singh, 41; Ranjit Singh, 49; and Suveg Singh, 84.[8][29][30] All of the male victims wore turbans as part of their Sikh faith.[31][32] Four of the victims were Indian nationals, while the rest were Americans.[33] The injured included a responding officer, Lt. Brian Murphy,[34] who was shot fifteen times at close range, including once in the face and once in the back of the head.[30] He was discharged from the hospital on August 22, 2012.[35] Sikhs for Justice, a New York-based group, pledged a $10,000 award to Murphy.[34] Two Sikh residents of Yuba City, California donated another $100,000 to officer Murphy and praised his bravery.[36] Perpetrator{{Infobox mass murderer| name = Wade Michael Page | image = | image_size = | caption = | birth_name = | occupation = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1971|11|11}} | birth_place = Loveland, Colorado | death_date = {{Death date and age|2012|8|5|1971|11|11}} | death_place = Oak Creek, Wisconsin | cause = Self-inflicted gunshot wound[37] | nationality = | motive = }}Wade Michael Page (November 11, 1971 – August 5, 2012)[38] was an American white supremacist living in Cudahy, Wisconsin.[39] Page was born and grew up in Colorado.[40] He served in the U.S. Army from April 1992 through October 1998,[41][42] In the Army, Page had learned to repair the Hawk missile system, before becoming a psychological operations specialist.[29][43] He was demoted and received a general discharge[29] for "patterns of misconduct," including being drunk while on duty and going absent without leave.[10][11][43] After his discharge, Page returned to Colorado, living in the Denver suburb of Littleton from 2000 through 2007.[44] Page worked as a truck driver from 2006 to 2010, but was fired after receiving a citation for impaired driving due to drinking.[45][46] Page had ties to white supremacist and neo-Nazi groups, and was reportedly a member of the Hammerskins.[23] He entered the white power music scene in 2000, becoming involved in several neo-Nazi bands.[47] He founded the band End Apathy in 2005 and played in the bands Definite Hate and Blue Eyed Devils,[48] all considered racist white-power bands by the Southern Poverty Law Center.[49][50] Page's former step-mother apologized to the Sikh victims[51] and said she had not been in touch with her stepson for the past twelve years, after divorcing his father.[49][52] A former friend described him as a "loner" and said he had talked about an "impending racial holy war".[53] According to his neighbors, Page lived alone, rarely left his apartment, and avoided eye contact with them.[54] Page legally purchased the handgun used in the shooting on July 28, 2012, at a gun shop in West Allis, Wisconsin.[7] Page passed the background checks required, and paid cash for the gun, along with three 19-round magazines.[55] The owner of the gun shop said that Page's appearance and demeanor in the shop "raised no eyebrows whatsoever".[56] Following the shooting, photographs of Page appeared in media reports showing him with a range of tattoos on his arms and upper body, which were said to show his links to white supremacist organizations.[57] Oak Creek Police Chief John Edwards declined to speculate on the motive behind the attack, saying "I don't know why, and I don't know that we'll ever know, because when he died, that died with him what his motive was or what he was thinking."[58] ReactionsPresident Barack Obama offered his condolences, calling the Sikh community "a part of our broader American family,"[59] and ordered flags at federal buildings flown at half-staff until August 10 to honor the victims.[60][61] Obama called for "soul searching" on how to reduce violence.[62] Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker and other officials also issued statements of sympathy for the victims of the shooting and their families.[63][64] Nancy Powell, the United States Ambassador to India, attended prayers for the victims at Gurudwara Bangla Sahib in New Delhi.[65] Indian Prime Minister Manmohan Singh said that the attack being at a Sikh temple added to the pain, and stated that India stood in support of all peace-loving Americans who condemned the shooting.[66] Following the incident, there were vigils as well as some protests against the United States by Sikhs in India.[67][68][69] [70] On August 9, Indian members of parliament in New Delhi joined ranks in parliament to offer condolences to families of the victims.[71] Jathedar Giani Gurbachan Singh, the highest-ranking priest within the Sikh faith,[90] called the shooting a "security lapse" by the U.S. government, and recommended that Sikhs in the United States adopt all possible security measures at their temples.[72] Oak Creek Sikh residents said the incident had shocked their community.[73]Many Sikh Americans did not approve of the protests in India against the United States, and strongly condemned the actions, such as flag-burnings, taken by the protesters.[74] U.S.-based Sikh community groups pledged assistance to the victims and their families, and urged Sikh Americans to organize interfaith vigils.[75] They also organized to send an emergency response team to Wisconsin.[75] Many other Americans held candlelight vigils in support of the Sikh community, and dignitaries such as Governor Walker attended.[76][77] Congressman Paul Ryan introduced a bill in Congress condemning the tragedy which stated the House "condemns the senseless attack".[78] On September 19, 2012, a Congressional hearing addressed hate crimes in response to the tragedy, before the Senate Judiciary Committee's Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights convened by Senator Dick Durbin.[79][80] In the aftermath of the shooting, Amar Kaleka, the son of Satwant Singh Kaleka, became involved in politics, supporting gun control and new legislation to reduce hate crimes.[81] Kaleka criticized Obama, who visited the sites of other mass shootings, but not the Sikh Temple.[82] As a member of the Democratic Party, Kaleka ran unsuccessfully in the Democratic primary for the United States House of Representatives in {{ushr|WI|1}} in the 2014 election.[81] See also
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Foxman|author2=Christopher Wolf|title=Viral Hate: Containing Its Spread on the Internet|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yVBeWQ61I94C&pg=PA46|date=4 June 2013|publisher=St. Martin's Press|isbn=978-1-137-35622-2|pages=46–}} 49. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/crime/shooter-wade-page-was-army-vet-white-supremacist-856cn28-165123946.html |title=Oak Creek Sikh temple shooter had military background, white supremacist ties |publisher=Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel|date=August 6, 2012 |accessdate=August 6, 2012 }} 50. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/aug/07/wade-michael-page-wisconsin-shooting?newsfeed=true |title=Wade Michael Page's acquaintances recall a troubled man guided by hate|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012 |work=The Guardian|location=London|first=Chris|last=McGreal}} 51. ^{{cite news| url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/US-gurdwara-killers-mother-apologizes-to-Sikh-victims/articleshow/15390073.cms|title= US gurdwara killer's mother apologizes to Sikh victims| date=August 7, 2012 |accessdate=August 7, 2012 |work=The Times of India}} 52. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2184602/Wisconsin-temple-shooting-Devastated-mother-Sikh-temple-killer-Wade-Michael-Page-apologizes-sons-victims.html?ito=feeds-newsxml |title=The 'precious little boy' who grew up to be a neo-Nazi mass murderer: Devastated mother of Sikh temple killer apologizes to son's victims|date=August 7, 2012 |accessdate=August 7, 2012 |work=Daily Mail |location=London}} 53. ^{{cite news|url=http://piersmorgan.blogs.cnn.com/2012/08/07/ex-friend-says-temple-shooter-wade-michael-page-was-a-loner/ |title=Ex-friend says temple shooter Wade Michael Page was a 'loner'|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012 |author=Piers Morgan |publisher=CNN}} 54. ^{{cite news|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/us/FBI-to-probe-US-gurdwara-shooters-racist-links-for-motive/articleshow/15391740.cms|title=FBI to probe US gurdwara shooter's racist links for motive|date=August 7, 2012 |accessdate=August 7, 2012 |work=The Times of India}} 55. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.businessinsider.com/wade-michael-page-didnt-seem-suspicious-2012-8 | title =Gun Shop Owner: Sikh Temple Shooter 'Raised No Eyebrows Whatsoever' | author =Abby Rodgers | publisher =businessinsider.com | date =August 8, 2013}} 56. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/nation/nationnow/la-na-nn-sikh-shooting-guns-20120807,0,7536671.story|title=Sikh temple shooting: Gun shop owner says Wade Page seemed normal|date=August 8, 2012 |accessdate=August 9, 2012 |work=Los Angeles Times|first1=Molly|last1=Hennessy-Fiske|first2=Kim|last2=Murphy}} 57. ^{{cite web|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Blotter/wisconsin-gunman-wade-michael-pages-tattoos-racist-beliefs/story?id=16949676|title=Cracking Wisconsin Gunman's Secret Racist Tattoo Code|date=August 8, 2012 |accessdate=August 9, 2012 |publisher=ABC News}} 58. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/8301-18563_162-57488654/question-of-motive-remains-in-sikh-temple-shooting/|title=Question of motive remains in Sikh temple shooting|date=August 7, 2012 |accessdate=August 8, 2012 |publisher=CBS News}} 59. ^{{cite web|last=Obama|first=Barack|title=Statement by the President on the Shooting in Wisconsin|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/08/05/statement-president-shooting-wisconsin|publisher=The White House|accessdate=August 5, 2012}} 60. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/world/report_gurudwara-shooting-us-flags-to-fly-at-half-staff-till-aug-10_1725167|publisher= DNA India|date= August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012|title=Gurudwara shooting: US flags to fly at half-staff till Aug 10}} 61. ^{{cite web|last=Obama|first=Barack|title=Presidential Proclamation—Honoring the Victims of the Tragedy in Oak Creek, Wisconsin|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/08/06/presidential-proclamation-honoring-victims-tragedy-oak-creek-wisconsin|publisher=The White House|accessdate=August 6, 2012}} 62. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.latimes.com/news/politics/la-pn-temple-shooting-gun-violence-obama-20120807,0,2176449.story|title=Wisconsin shooting stirs Obama to call only for 'soul searching'|work=Los Angeles Times|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012|first=Christi|last=Parsons}} 63. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.fox11online.com/dpp/news/wisconsin/governor-walker-statement-on-oak-creek-incident|title=Governor Walker Statement on Oak Creek incident|publisher=Fox News 11 |date= August 5, 2012 |accessdate=August 5, 2012}} 64. ^Pols React To Sikh Temple Shooting In Wisconsin Daily News (New York), August 6, 2012. Retrieved August 7, 2012 65. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-07/delhi/33082036_1_dsgmc-sikh-gurdwara-management-committee-sikh-community|work= The Times of India|date= August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012|title=US ambassador pays homage at Bangla Sahib}} 66. ^{{cite news|url = http://www.cnn.com/2012/08/06/us/wisconsin-temple-shooting/index.html|title = Source: Wisconsin temple gunman Army vet; may have been white supremacist|publisher=CNN|date = August 6, 2012}} 67. ^{{cite news|url=http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/world_now/2012/08/india-reacts-with-grief-outrage-over-wisconsin-killing-of-sikhs.html|title=India reacts with grief, outrage over Wisconsin killing of Sikhs|work=Los Angeles Times|date=August 6, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012|last=Magnier|first=Mark}} 68. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ibtimes.com/articles/370664/20120806/sikhs-india-protest-against-wisconsin-sikh-temple.htm|title=Sikhs In India Protest Against Wisconsin Sikh Temple Shooting (PHOTOS)|work=International Business Times|last=VN|first=Sreeja|date=August 6, 2012|accessdate=August 6, 2012}} 69. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.sikhsiyasat.net/2012/08/10/sikhs-in-us-condemn-the-burning-of-us-flag-by-protestors-in-new-delhi/|title=Sikhs in US condemn the burning of US flag by protestors in New Delhi|publisher=SikhSiyasaat|date=August 10, 2012|accessdate=November 8, 2012|last=Magnier|first=Mark}} 70. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.sikhsiyasat.net/2012/08/08/sikh-rights-body-strongly-condemn-flag-burners/|title=Sikh rights body strongly condemn flag burners|publisher=SikhSiyasaat|date=August 10, 2012|accessdate=November 8, 2012|last=Magnier|first=Mark}} 71. ^{{cite news|url = https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hzxOoAixBCDJMNaY2CYbs0GUKmMg?docId=CNG.7d89ddcc9402529b948c1a801c8a0034.3e1|title = Indian lawmakers voice anger at US Sikh temple shooting|publisher = Google|agency = Agence France-Presse|date = August 9, 2012}} 72. ^1 {{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/some-answers-about-the-history-of-the-sikh-religion-in-india/2012/08/06/9790aee2-dfe7-11e1-8d48-2b1243f34c85_story.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120807091850/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/some-answers-about-the-history-of-the-sikh-religion-in-india/2012/08/06/9790aee2-dfe7-11e1-8d48-2b1243f34c85_story.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=August 7, 2012|work= The Washington Post|date= August 8, 2012|accessdate=August 8, 2012|title=Some answers about the history of the Sikh religion in India}} 73. ^{{cite news|last=Kelleher|first=James B.|title=Small, tight-knit Wisconsin Sikh community shocked by shooting|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/08/06/usa-wisconsin-shooting-community-idUSL2E8J608120120806|accessdate=August 6, 2012|agency=Reuters|date=August 5, 2012|author2=Brendan O'Brien}} 74. ^{{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-09/india/33117632_1_american-sikhs-punjab-sikh-council|title=Gurudwara attack: American Sikhs angry at protests against U.S. in India|work=The Times of India|date=August 9, 2012|accessdate=November 8, 2012|last=Magnier|first=Mark}} 75. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-08-07/india/33082623_1_sikh-organizations-sikh-americans-emergency-response-team|work= The Times of India|date= August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012|title=United Sikhs to send emergency response team to Wisconsin to help deal with trauma}} 76. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/pages-hate-trumped-by-outpouring-of-support-for-sikh-community-h56dd6s-165339716.html|title=Outpouring of support trumps Page's hatred|publisher=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012|last=Stingl|first=Jim}} 77. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsonline.com/news/milwaukee/165358516.html|title=Live coverage: Oak Creek vigil for temple shooting victims|publisher=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|date=August 7, 2012|accessdate=August 7, 2012}} 78. ^{{cite web|url=http://influencealley.nationaljournal.com/2012/09/paul-ryans-first-postromney-pi.php|title=Paul Ryan's First Bill Back After VP Nomination |work=National Journal|date=September 12, 2012|accessdate=November 8, 2012}} 79. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsonline.com/features/religion/congressional-hearing-addresses-hate-crimes-extremism-after-sikh-attack-vt6u47u-170379006.html|title=Congressional hearing addresses hate crimes after Sikh attack|publisher=Milwaukee Journal Sentinel|date=September 19, 2012|accessdate=November 8, 2012}} 80. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.pbs.org/wnet/religionandethics/headlines/congressional-hearing-investigates-hate-crimes-against-sikhs/13168/|title=Congressional Hearing Investigates Hate Crimes Against Sikhs|publisher=PBS|date=September 21, 2012|accessdate=November 8, 2012}} 81. ^1 {{cite web|last=Schaaf |first=Mark |url=http://oakcreek.patch.com/groups/politics-and-elections/p/son-of-slain-temple-president-to-challenge-paul-ryan |title=Son of Slain Sikh Temple President to Challenge Paul Ryan – Government – Oak Creek, WI Patch |publisher=Oakcreek.patch.com |date=October 14, 2013 |accessdate=October 30, 2013}} 82. ^{{cite web|first=Dinesh |last=Ramde |agency=Associated Press |url=http://journaltimes.com/news/local/son-of-slain-sikh-to-challenge-ryan/article_d288892c-34f8-11e3-b690-0019bb2963f4.html |title=Son of slain Sikh to challenge Ryan |publisher=Journaltimes.com |date=October 14, 2013 |accessdate=October 30, 2013}} External links
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