“Women's mosques”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Women's mosques ({{zh|t=[清真]女寺|p=[Qīngzhēn] nǚ sì}}) have existed in China for several hundred years.^[1] They can be found in the Chinese provinces of Henan, Shanxi and Hebei.^[2] Some countries beyond China also have women-only mosques, but they are rare.

In China, separate women-only mosques were built by the Muslim communities there. This is in contrast to Muslim communities outside China, where usually men and women will use the same mosque, with gender-segregated washing and prayer rooms. At the end of the Ming dynasty and early Qing dynasty, Hui women had begun to form their own mosques.^[3] The oldest surviving nǚsì in China, is Wangjia Hutong Women's Mosque of Kaifeng, which dates to 1820.^[4]

For religious reasons, Hui communities had started to cultivate more theological learning among the women. As a result, a portion of the female Muslims who had experienced a religious education, gradually incorporated Islamic observances into their daily religious activities, and this produced the establishment of women's mosques.^[5]

By the 20th century, there were separate places of worship as women-only mosques. They are a special form of the sacred building, either as a separate institution or mosque attached to an existing larger mosque. Their managers are women, wives of the imam of a larger mosque. The commonly used title for it is Shiniang (师娘).^[6]

List of selected women-only mosques

Asia

China

Other Asian countries

Africa

Europe

North America

See also

References

1. ^Maria Jaschok: "Religious Women in a Chinese City: Ordering the past, recovering the future - Notes from fieldwork in the central Chinese province of Henan". QEH Working Paper Series - QEHWPS125, S.8
2. ^icampus.ucl.ac.be "Les minorités musulmanes en Chine" ("Les mosquées féminines") (accessed April 1st, 2010)
3. ^cf. chinalink.de: Die chinesische Frau (accessed April 1st, 2010)
4. ^[https://www.npr.org/2010/07/21/128628514/female-imams-blaze-trail-amid-chinas-muslims NPR]
5. ^cnki.com.cn: Beijing lishi shang de Qingzhen nüsi ((accessed April 1st, 2010)
6. ^cf. "Weibliche Imame", source: Jaschok, Maria and Jingju Shui, p. 287-292, German translation from English: C. Schneider (accessed April 1st, 2010) and Ingrid Mattson: "Can a Woman be an Imam?" - macdonald.hartsem.edu (accessed April 1st, 2010)
7. ^Zhengzhou counts from algerie-dz.com: "Mosquées féminines" ("Qingzhen nusi") 18 men's mosques and 7 women's mosques.
8. ^ Google Maps
9. ^vgl. [https://www.flickr.com/photos/silkroadproject/sets/72157594535763171/ flickr.com: A Women's Mosque in Xian] (accessed April 1st, 2010)
10. ^moritzleuenberger.net und sambuh.com: "Abu'l Faiz Khan Mosque (1720)" (accessed April 1st, 2010); cf. the article Naqshbandi.
11. ^deutsche-welle.de: Erste Moschee für Frauen in Kabul (accessed April 1st, 2010)
12. ^haumaldives.wordpress.com: Aid to women’s mosques terminated and women Imam’s left jobless, as if the deprivations the MDP government of Mohamed Nasheed cause is not enough. (accessed April 1st, 2010) - see also Islam in the Maldives
13. ^giga-hamburg.de (accessed April 1st, 2010)
14. ^unesco.org (accessed April 1st, 2010)
15. ^[https://www.welt.de/print-welt/article559410/Frauenmoschee_fuer_niederlaendische_Feministen.html welt.de: "Frauenmoschee für niederländische Feministen"] (accessed April 1st, 2010)
16. ^loccum.de: "Wie geht der Dialog weiter?" (accessed April 1st, 2010) & dmk-berlin.de: "Moscheen und Gebetsräume in Berlin" (accessed April 1st, 2010)
17. ^Tamara Audi, [https://www.wsj.com/articles/muslim-women-to-launch-their-own-mosque-1422639983?mod=WSJ_hpp_MIDDLENexttoWhatsNewsFifth "Feeling Unwelcome at Mosques, 2 Women Start Their Own in L.A.: New Entity Believed to Be the First of Its Kind in the U.S."] The Wall Street Journal, January 30, 2015.