“Women's World Chess Championship 1978”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Women's World Chess Championship 1978

释义

1976 Interzonals
1977-78 Candidates Tournament
1978 Championship Match
References

The 1978 Women's World Chess Championship was won by Maia Chiburdanidze, who defeated the incumbent champion Nona Gaprindashvili At only 17 years of age, Chiburdanidze became the sixth and youngest Women's World Champion (Gaprindashvili had been 20 when she first won the title).

1976 Interzonals

For the first time, the women's cycle contained not one but two Interzonal tournaments, held in Roosendaal, Netherlands and Tbilisi, Georgian SSR in November and December 1976, featuring the best players from each FIDE zone. A total of 25 players took part, with the top three from each Interzonal qualifying for the Candidates Tournament.

Akhmilovskaya and former three-time challenger Kushnir (now representing Israel) shared first place in Roosendaal, while Lematschko took the third and last spot in the Candidates after a playoff against van der Mije.^[1]

In Tbilisi, Fatalibekova won, half a point ahead of Kozlovskaya and 15-year-old prodigy Chiburdanidze.^[2]

1976 Women's Interzonal, Roosendaal
Player	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	Points	Tie break
1	Elena Akhmilovskaya\|Soviet Union}}	-	½	0	1	½	1	½	½	1	1	½	1	1	1	9½	54.25
2	Alla Kushnir\|Israel}}	½	-	½	0	1	½	½	1	1	1	1	½	1	1	9½	54.00
3	Alexandra van der Mije\|Netherlands}}	1	½	-	1	½	½	1	½	½	0	½	1	1	1	9	54.75
4	Tatjana Lematschko\|Bulgaria\|1971}}	0	1	0	-	0	1	½	1	1	1	½	1	1	1	9	49.00
5	Zsuzsa Veroci\|Hungary\|1957}}	½	0	½	1	-	½	1	0	½	1	½	1	1	1	8½
6	Jana Malypetrová\|England}}	0	½	½	0	½	-	½	1	½	½	1	½	1	1	7½
7	Liudmila Belavenets\|Soviet Union}}	½	½	0	½	0	½	-	½	½	1	1	½	½	1	7
8	Tatyana Fomina\|Soviet Union}}	½	0	½	0	1	0	½	-	0	1	½	½	1	1	6½	34.75
9	Milunka Lazarević\|Yugoslavia}}	0	0	½	0	½	½	½	1	-	0	½	1	1	1	6½	32.50
10	Corry Vreeken\|Netherlands}}	0	0	1	0	0	½	0	0	1	-	1	½	1	½	5½
11	Ruth Orton\|USA}}	½	0	½	½	½	0	0	½	½	0	-	1	0	1	5
12	Maria Cristina de Oliveira\|Brazil\|1968}}	0	½	0	0	0	½	½	½	0	½	0	-	1	½	4
13	Ilse de Caro\|Colombia}}	0	0	0	0	0	0	½	0	0	0	1	0	-	1	2½
14	Rita Gramignani\|Italy}}	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	½	0	½	0	-	1

1976 Women's Interzonal, Tbilisi
Player	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	Points	Tie break
1	Elena Fatalibekova\|Soviet Union}}	-	½	1	½	½	½	½	1	½	1	1	7
2	Maia Chiburdanidze\|Soviet Union}}	½	-	1	0	½	1	1	½	1	½	½	6½	31.25
3	Valentina Kozlovskaya\|Soviet Union}}	0	0	-	1	1	½	½	1	1	½	1	6½	28.75
4	Marta Litinskaya\|Soviet Union}}	½	1	0	-	1	½	½	½	0	1	1	6	28.00
5	Mária Ivánka\|Hungary\|1957}}	½	½	0	0	-	½	1	½	1	1	1	6	25.00
6	Tatiana Zatulovskaya\|Soviet Union}}	½	0	½	½	½	-	0	½	1	½	1	5
7	Petra Feustel\|East Germany}}	½	0	½	½	0	1	-	½	½	0	1	4½	21.00
8	Gertrude Baumstark\|Romania\|1965}}	0	½	0	½	½	½	½	-	½	1	½	4½	20.00
9	Brigitte Hofmann\|East Germany}}	½	0	0	1	0	0	½	½	-	½	1	4
10	Diane Savereide\|USA}}	0	½	½	0	0	½	1	0	½	-	0	3
11	Narelle Kellner\|Australia}}	0	½	0	0	0	0	0	½	0	1	-	2

1977-78 Candidates Tournament

The top three from each of the two Interzonals were joined by seeded players Alexandria and Levitina, the finalists from the last Candidates Tournament. These eight players contested a knock-out series of matches. Sixteen-year-old Chiburdanidze beat Kushnir in the final, earning the right to challenge reigning champion Gaprindashvili.^[3]

{{8TeamBracket-info
| RD1T1-loc=Tbilisi, Apr-May 1977
| RD1-team1={{flagicon|URS}} Maia Chiburdanidze
| RD1-score1=5½
| RD1-team2={{flagicon|URS}} Nana Alexandria
| RD1-score2=4½
| RD1T2-loc=Sofia, May–June 1977
| RD1-team3={{flagicon|URS}} Elena Akhmilovskaya
| RD1-score3=6½
| RD1-team4={{flagicon|BUL|1971}} Tatjana Lematschko
| RD1-score4=5½
| RD1T3-loc=Dortmund, May–June 1977
| RD1-team5={{flagicon|ISR}} Alla Kushnir
| RD1-score5=6
| RD1-team6={{flagicon|URS}} Irina Levitina
| RD1-score6=3
| RD1T4-loc=Sochi, Apr-May 1977
| RD1-team7={{flagicon|URS}} Elena Fatalibekova
| RD1-score7=6
| RD1-team8={{flagicon|URS}} Valentina Kozlovskaya
| RD1-score8=2
| RD2T1-loc=Tallinn, Sep–Oct 1977
| RD2-team1={{flagicon|URS}} Maia Chiburdanidze
| RD2-score1=6½
| RD2-team2={{flagicon|URS}} Elena Akhmilovskaya
| RD2-score2=5½
| RD2T2-loc=West Berlin, Sep–Oct 1977
| RD2-team3={{flagicon|ISR}} Alla Kushnir
| RD2-score3=6½
| RD2-team4={{flagicon|URS}} Elena Fatalibekova
| RD2-score4=3½
| RD3T1-loc=Bad Kissingen, Jan 1978
| RD3-team1={{flagicon|URS}} Maia Chiburdanidze
| RD3-score1=7½
| RD3-team2={{flagicon|ISR}} Alla Kushnir
| RD3-score2=6½
}}

1978 Championship Match

The championship match was played in Tbilisi in 1978. A close match ended with a victory for 17-year-old Chiburdanidze against her twenty-year older opponent.^[4]

Women's World Championship Match 1978
1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	Total
{{flagathlete\|Maia Chiburdanidze\|Soviet Union}}	½	½	½	1	1	½	0	½	1	½	0	½	1	½	½	8½
{{flagathlete\|Nona Gaprindashvili\|Soviet Union}}	½	½	½	0	0	½	1	½	0	½	1	½	0	½	½	6½

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/76wo1iix.htm |title=World Chess Championship (women) : 1976 Roosendaal Interzonal Tournament |publisher=Mark-weeks.com |date= |accessdate=2012-02-06}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/76wo2iix.htm |title=World Chess Championship (women) : 1976 Tbilisi Interzonal Tournament |publisher=Mark-weeks.com |date= |accessdate=2012-02-06}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/77wo$cix.htm |title=World Chess Championship (women) : 1977-78 cycle : Candidates Matches |publisher=Mark-weeks.com |date= |accessdate=2012-02-06}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mark-weeks.com/chess/78wo$wix.htm |title=World Chess Championship (women) : 1978 Chiburdanidze - Gaprindashvili |publisher=Mark-weeks.com |date= |accessdate=2012-02-06}}

2 : Women's World Chess Championships|1978 in chess

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