| 释义 |
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{{Infobox settlement
|name =Umnak
|official_name =
|other_name =
|native_name =
|nickname =
|settlement_type =Island
|total_type =
|motto =
|image_skyline = MountVsevidof.jpg
|imagesize =
|image_caption = Highest point. Mount Vsevidof
|image_flag =
|flag_size =
|image_seal =
|seal_size =
|image_shield =
|shield_size =
|image_blank_emblem =
|blank_emblem_type =
|blank_emblem_size =
|image_map =Umnak Unalaska.jpg
|mapsize =
|map_caption =Satellite shot of Umnak and Unalaska Islands
|image_map1 =
|mapsize1 =
|map_caption1 =
|image_dot_map =
|dot_mapsize =
|dot_map_caption =
|dot_x = |dot_y =
|pushpin_map = Alaska
|pushpin_label_position =
|pushpin_map_caption =
|pushpin_mapsize =
|subdivision_type = Country
|subdivision_name = United States
|subdivision_type1 = State
|subdivision_name1 = Alaska
|subdivision_type2 = Archipelago
|subdivision_name2 = Fox Islands of the Aleutian Islands
|seat_type =
|seat =
|parts_type =
|parts_style =
|p1 =
|p2 =
|government_footnotes =
|government_type =
|leader_title =
|leader_name =
|leader_title1 =
|leader_name1 =
|established_title =
|established_date =
|area_magnitude =
|unit_pref =
|area_footnotes =[1]
|area_total_km2 =
|area_land_km2 =
|area_water_km2 =
|area_total_sq_mi =686.01
|area_land_sq_mi =686.01
|area_water_sq_mi =
|area_water_percent =
|elevation_footnotes = |elevation_m =|elevation_ft =|elevation_max_m =|elevation_max_ft =|elevation_min_m =|elevation_min_ft =|population_as_of =2000|population_footnotes =[William Bright [https://books.google.com/books?id=5XfxzCm1qa4C&pg=PA347 Native American placenames of the United States], University of Oklahoma Press, 2004, {{ISBN|0-8061-3598-0}} p. 347]
2. ^{{cite book|author=K. Bergsland|authorlink=Knut Bergsland|year=1994|title=Aleut Dictionary |publisher=Alaska Native Language Center |location=Fairbanks|isbn=1-55500-047-9}}
3. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{Cite web|url=http://www.hlswilliwaw.com/aleutians/umnak-homepage.htm|title=There's a Fighter Base Located Where?|accessdate=November 22, 2010|publisher=Umnak homepage|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110316163808/http://www.hlswilliwaw.com/aleutians/umnak-homepage.htm|archivedate=March 16, 2011|df=}}
4. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://islands.unep.ch/ITT.htm#447|title= Islands of United States of America|work= Umnak [447] |accessdate=November 22, 2010|publisher=UNEP}}
5. ^{{cite journal|doi=10.2307/1550607|jstor=1550607|title=Geology of Umnak Island, Eastern Aleutian Islands as Related to the Aleuts|author=Robert F. Black|journal=Arctic and Alpine Research|volume=8|issue=1|year=1976|pages=7–35}}
6. ^{{cite journal|url=http://pubs.aina.ucalgary.ca/arctic/Arctic28-3-159.pdf|journal=Arctic|title=Late-Quaternary Geomorphic Processes: Effects on the Ancient Aleuts of Umnak Island in the Aleutians|volume=28|issue=3|year=1975|page=159|author=R.F. Black|doi=10.14430/arctic2830}}
7. ^{{cite book|author=Lydia Black|authorlink=Lydia T. Black|year=2004|title=Russians in Alaska |publisher=University of Alaska Press |location=Fairbanks|isbn=1-889963-05-4}}
8. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://www.oceandots.com/pacific/aleutian/umnak.php |title=Umnak |publisher=Oceandots, The Islands Encyclopedia |accessdate=November 22, 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101223015139/http://www.oceandots.com/pacific/aleutian/umnak.php |archivedate=December 23, 2010 }}
9. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=pp-8q3PjtrUC&pg=PA216|title=United States Coast Pilot. Alaska. Part II. Yakutat Bay to Arctic Ocean|publisher=U. S. Coast And Geodetic Survey,BiblioBazaar, LLC|year=2009 |page=216|isbn=1-113-48946-4}}
10. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=L3xBAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA433|title=Encyclopædia Britannica; or, a dictionary of arts, sciences, and miscellaneous literature, Volume 9|publisher=Encyclopædia Britannica, Bell and Macfarquhar|year=1797|page=433}}
11. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.geographic.org/geographic_names/usaname.php?uni=1418359&fid=usageo_1318|title=Cape Sagak|publisher=Geographic Names|accessdate=November 22, 2010}}
12. ^Vsevidof reported activity. avo.alaska.edu
13. ^{{cite book|title=Postglacial vegetation on Umnak Island, Aleutian Islands, Alaska|author=Calvin J. Heusser|publisher=Department of Biology, New York University|year=1973}}
14. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=QNqtYsH4EScC&pg=PA10|editor=Melvin Ember and Peter N. Peregrine|volume=6: Arctic and subarctic|publisher=Springer|year=2001|page=10|isbn=0-306-46256-7|title=Encyclopedia of Prehistory: Arctic and Subarctic}}
15. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=aqDVAAAAMAAJ|author=Christy Gentry Turner|title=The dentition of Arctic peoples|publisher=University of Wisconsin|year=1967|pages=15–16}}
16. ^{{cite book|title=Interpretation of aeromagnetic maps, Volume 47 of Geological Society of America|author= Victor Vacquier|publisher=Geological Society of America|year=1963|page=11}}
17. ^{{cite book|title=Bulletin, Volume 72, Part 1|publisher=Geological Society of America|year=1961|page=124}}
18. ^Okmok, Global Volcanism Program — Department of Mineral Sciences — National Museum of Natural History — Smithsonian Institution
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wondermondo.com/Countries/NA/US/Alaska/RecheshnoiGeyser.htm|title=Mount Recheshnoi Geyser Fields, Umnak|accessdate=May 4, 2012|publisher=Wondermondo|date=May 4, 2012}}
20. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/topNews/idUSN1238277220080713?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews|title=Alaska volcano erupts; island residents evacuated|date= July 13, 2008|publisher=Reuters|accessdate=November 22, 2010}}
21. ^1 {{cite web|url=https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/07/080720093810.htm|title=Explosive Eruption of Okmok Volcano in Alaska|accessdate=November 22, 2010|publisher=ScienceDaily|date=July 21, 2008}}
22. ^1 Umnak Island: Blocks 1070 thru 1076, Census Tract 1, Aleutian Islands West Census Area, Alaska United States Census Bureau
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=American FactFinder}}
24. ^{{Cite news | author = William Yardley| title=Alaska's Rural Schools Fight Off Extinction|newspaper = New York Times|date = November 25, 2009 |url = https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/26/us/26alaska.html?hp|accessdate=November 22, 2010}}
25. ^{{Cite news|author = Erik Olsen|title =An Alaskan Village in Crisis|newspaper = New York Times| date = November 25, 2009|accessdate=November 22, 2010| url = http://video.nytimes.com/video/2009/11/25/us/1247465851581/an-alaskan-village-in-crisis.html}}
External links- Umnak homepage
- Late-Quaternary Geomorphic Processes: Effects on the Ancient Aleuts of Umnak Island in the Aleutians
- [https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20080713/ap_on_re_us/alaska_volcano Remote Alaska Volcano Erupts, Spewing Rock and Ash]
{{coord|53|13|26|N|168|25|55|W|type:isle_region:US-AK_scale:1000000|display=title}}{{Islands in the Bering Sea}} 5 : Umnak|Fox Islands (Alaska)|Islands of Aleutians West Census Area, Alaska|Islands of Unorganized Borough, Alaska|Islands of Alaska |