“Xu Xusheng”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Xu Xusheng, also known by his courtesy name Xu Bingchang,^[1]^[2] (1888 – January 4, 1976) was a Chinese archaeologist, historian, and explorer born in Tanghe, Henan Province. Best known for his discovery of the Erlitou culture in 1959, he was one of China's most important and respected archaeologists and historians of the twentieth century, providing a model of archaeological methodology for future Chinese archaeologists. He also was president of Beijing Normal University.

Biography

In 1921, Xu was appointed professor in the department of philosophy, Peking University, teaching History of Western Philosophy. In 1926, he served as provost of Peking University, and in the following year he led an expedition to northwest China to conduct archaeological investigations. In 1929, Xu Xusheng served as dean of National Peking University Women's Teachers College. He also was president of Beijing Normal University from February 1931 to May 1932.^[2] He traveled to Xi'an in 1933,^[3] where he established the Shaanxi Archaeological Society. From 1934 to 1937 he investigated the Early Neolithic culture in Shaanxi Province, discovered by his team of archaeologists who carried out excavations at the Doujitai site in the middle Yellow River Valley, where his approach was said to have served as a model for archaeological methodology.^[4]^[5] He became director of the Institute for Historical Studies in 1936.^[2]

Xu was instrumental in conducting the first modern study of China's early "myths" based on the reports of antiquaries findings by archaeologists.^[6] He also worked on the Historical Gazetteer of Beiping.^[7]

He was elected to the Chinese National Assembly in 1947. Xu Xusheng became a research fellow of the Institute of Archaeology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and surveyed Gaocheng in 1959.^[8] The Erlitou culture was discovered by him that year.^[5] He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1957, and was elected to the Third National People's Congress in 1964. Persecuted during the Cultural Revolution, Xu died during January 1976.

Research

As a historian, Xu Xusheng authored the 1943 book, Zhong-guogushi tie chuanshiio shidai ("The legendary times in early Chinese history"), where he comments that the name of Five Emperors was not mentioned until the Warring States era and cannot be found in the Zuo Zhuan, Guoyu, Lunyu, Mozi or Mengzi.^[9] This was the first book to provide detailed facts concerning ancient Chinese history and archaeological finds and present a comprehensive history of China's prehistoric period.^[9]^[10]

References

1. ^{{Cite web |url=http://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1367186?q&l-death=1976&l-birth=1888&c=people |title=Xu, Xusheng, 1888-1976 |publisher=National Library of Australia}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.bnu.edu.cn/bnueng/AboutBNU/FormerPresidents.html |title=Former Presidents |accessdate=25 October 2012 |publisher=Beijing Normal University |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120518074116/http://www.bnu.edu.cn/bnueng/AboutBNU/FormerPresidents.html |archivedate=May 18, 2012 }}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Loewe|first1=Michael|last2=Shaughnessy|first2=Edward L.|title=The Cambridge History of Ancient China: From the Origins of Civilization to 221 BC|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=cHA7Ey0-pbEC&pg=PA1103|accessdate=25 October 2012|date=13 March 1999|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-47030-8|page=1103}}
4. ^{{Cite web|url=http://bic.cass.cn/english/infoShow/Arcitle_Show_Forum2_Show.asp?ID=327&Title=The%20Humanities%20Study&strNavigation=Home-%3EForum&BigClassID=4&SmallClassID=8|title=Searching for the Earliest Neolithic Cultures in China -- from the Perspective of Ceramics|accessdate=25 October 2012|publisher= Bureau of International Cooperation}}
5. ^¹{{cite book|last1=Liu|first1=Li|last2=Chen|first2=Xingcan|title=The Archaeology of China: From the Late Paleolithic to the Early Bronze Age|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=oX6gs6TAZdEC&pg=PA7|accessdate=25 October 2012|date=31 May 2012|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-64310-8|pages=7, 259–}}
6. ^{{Cite book |last=Wilkinson |first= Endymion |authorlink=Endymion Wilkinson |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ERnrQq0bsPYC&pg=PA568 |title= Chinese History: A Manual |year=2000 |publisher= Harvard University Asia Center |isbn=9780674002494 |page= 568}}
7. ^¹²{{cite book|last=Murray|first=Tim|title=Encyclopedia of archaeology: The great archaeologists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=rnMYAAAAIAAJ |year=1999|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-57607-199-1|page=591}}
8. ^{{cite book|title=Bulletin|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=u1yBAAAAMAAJ |year=2004|publisher=Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association|page=89}}
9. ^¹{{cite book|last1= Chang |first1= Kwang-chih |authorlink1=Kwang-chih Chang |last2= Xu |first2= Pingfang |title= The Formation of Chinese Civilization: An Archaeological Perspective|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=sP-PN2StH2cC&pg=PA8 |year=2005|publisher= Yale University Press|isbn=9780300093827 |page=8}}
10. ^{{Cite book|url=http://www.google.com/search?q=Xu+Xusheng&btnG=Search+Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1#hl=en&tbo=1&tbm=bks&sclient=psy-ab&q=Xu+Xusheng%27s+books&oq=Xu+Xusheng%27s+books&gs_l=serp.12...14272.19958.4.22198.18.15.1.0.0.1.245.2242.3j10j2.15.0...0.0...1c.1.B0gdB502YTU&psj=1&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&fp=9e3dfdf7dbb1a795&bpcl=35466521&biw=1920&bih=915|title=The formation of Chinese civilization: an archaeological perspective , Google preview page|accessdate=25 October 2012|publisher= Yale University Press |isbn=9780300093827|year=2005}}

Biography

Research

References

External links