| 词条 | Yamato 000593 |
| 释义 |
|Name= Yamato 000593 |Image= Yamato000593-Mars MeteoriteFoundOnEarth-NASA2012.jpg |Image_caption= Yamato 000593 meteorite – {{convert|13.7|kg|lb|abbr=on}} - cube is {{convert|1|cm|in|abbr=on}} (NASA; 2012). |Type= Achondrite |Class= Martian meteorite[1] |Group= Nakhlite[1] |Structural_classification= Igneous[1] |Composition = pyroxene 85% [1] olivine 10% |Shock= S3[1] |Weathering= B[2] |Country= Antarctica[1] |Region= Yamato Glacier[1] |Lat_Long= {{Coord|71|30|S|35|40|E|display=inline,title|region:EG_type:adm1st_source:GNS-enwiki}} [2][3] |Observed_fall= No |Fall_date= 50,000 years ago[1] |Found_date= 2000[1] |TKW= {{convert|13.7|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}[1] |Image2= |Image2_caption= }}Yamato 000593 (or Y000593) is the second largest meteorite from Mars found on Earth.[4][5][6] Studies suggest the Martian meteorite was formed about 1.3 billion years ago from a lava flow on Mars. [7] An impact occurred on Mars about 11 million years ago [8] and ejected the meteorite from the Martian surface into space. The meteorite landed on Earth in Antarctica about 50,000 years ago. The mass of the meteorite is {{convert|13.7|kg|lbs|abbr=on}} and has been found to contain evidence of past water alteration.[4][5][6][9] At a microscopic level, spheres are found in the meteorite that are rich in carbon compared to surrounding areas that lack such spheres. The carbon-rich spheres and the observed micro-tunnels may have been formed by biotic activity, according to NASA scientists.[4][5][6] Discovery and namingThe 41st Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) found the meteorite in late December 2000 on the Yamato Glacier at the Queen Fabiola Mountains, Antarctica.[4][10] DescriptionThe mass of the meteorite is {{convert|13.7|kg|lbs|abbr=on}}.[4] It is an unbrecciated cumulus igneous rock consisting predominantly of elongated augite crystals —a solid solution in the pyroxene group.[10] Japanese scientists from the National Institute of Polar Research reported in 2003 that the meteorite contains iddingsite, which forms from the weathering of basalt in the presence of liquid water.[10] In addition, NASA researchers reported in February 2014 that they also found carbon-rich spheres encased in multiple layers of iddingsite, as well as microtubular features emanating from iddingsite veins displaying curved, undulating shapes consistent with bio-alteration textures that have been observed in terrestrial basaltic glass.[4] However, the scientific consensus is that "morphology alone cannot be used unambiguously as a tool for primitive life detection."[11][12][13] Interpretation of morphology is notoriously subjective, and its use alone has led to numerous errors of interpretation.[11] According to the NASA team, the presence of carbon and lack of corresponding cations is consistent with the occurrence of organic matter embedded in iddingsite.[5] The NASA researchers indicated that mass spectrometry may provide deeper insight into the nature of the carbon, and could distinguish between abiotic and biologic carbon incorporation and alteration.[5] ClassificationThe Martian meteorite is an igneous rock classified as an achondrite type of the nakhlite group.[4][1] Images{{multiple image| align = center | direction = horizontal | image1 = PIA17953-MarsMeteoriteOnEarth-Yamato000593-Microtunnels-20140227.jpg | width1 = 300 | alt1 = | caption1 = Microscopic image of Y000593 meteorite shows iddingsite as evidence of water alteration. It displays microtunnels that may have been formed by biotic activity (February 27, 2014). | image2 = PIA17954-MarsMeteoriteOnEarth-Yamato000593-20140227.jpg | width2 = 300 | alt2 = | caption2 = Y000593 has areas with spheres (red) that have twice the carbon as areas without spheres (blue) (February 27, 2014). | image3 = 407319main jsc2009e243553.jpg | width3 = 300 | alt3 = | caption3 = Microscopic image of the Nakhla-like surface of meteorite Yamato 000593 (November 2009). }}{{Clear}} See also{{Div col|colwidth=30em}}
References1. ^1 2 3 Yamato meteorite (PDF) The Astromaterials Acquisition and Curation Office, NASA. 2. ^1 {{cite web | url = http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meteor/metbull.php?code=24355 | title = Meteoritical Bulletin Database - Yamato 000593 | accessdate = February 28, 2014 | date = February 26, 2014 | work = The Meteoritical Society | publisher = Lunar and Planetary Institute}} 3. ^Yamato 000593 Natural History Museum, UK. The Catalogue of Meteorites. 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 {{cite web |last=Webster |first=Guy |title=NASA Scientists Find Evidence of Water in Meteorite, Reviving Debate Over Life on Mars |url=http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-065&1 |date=February 27, 2014 |work=NASA |accessdate=February 27, 2014 }} 5. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |last1=White |first1=Lauren M. |last2=Gibson |first2=Everett K. |last3=Thomnas-Keprta|first3=Kathie L. |last4=Clemett |first4=Simon J. |last5=McKay |first5=David |title=Putative Indigenous Carbon-Bearing Alteration Features in Martian Meteorite Yamato 000593|date=February 19, 2014 |journal=Astrobiology |volume=14 |number=2 |pages=170–181 |doi=10.1089/ast.2011.0733 |pmid=24552234 |bibcode=2014AsBio..14..170W|pmc=3929347 }} 6. ^1 2 {{cite web |last=Gannon |first=Megan |title=Mars Meteorite with Odd 'Tunnels' & 'Spheres' Revives Debate Over Ancient Martian Life |url=http://www.space.com/24834-strange-mars-meteorite-life-evidence-debate.html |date=February 28, 2014 |work=Space.com |accessdate=February 28, 2014 }} 7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Cohen|first=Benjamin E.|last2=Mark|first2=Darren F.|last3=Cassata|first3=William S.|last4=Lee|first4=Martin R.|last5=Tomkinson|first5=Tim|last6=Smith|first6=Caroline L.|date=2017-10-03|title=Taking the pulse of Mars via dating of a plume-fed volcano|journal=Nature Communications|language=En|volume=8|issue=1|pages=640|doi=10.1038/s41467-017-00513-8|pmid=28974682|pmc=5626741|issn=2041-1723}} 8. ^{{Cite journal|last=Cohen|first=Benjamin E.|last2=Mark|first2=Darren F.|last3=Cassata|first3=William S.|last4=Lee|first4=Martin R.|last5=Tomkinson|first5=Tim|last6=Smith|first6=Caroline L.|date=2017-10-03|title=Taking the pulse of Mars via dating of a plume-fed volcano|journal=Nature Communications|language=En|volume=8|issue=1|pages=640|doi=10.1038/s41467-017-00513-8|pmid=28974682|pmc=5626741|issn=2041-1723}} 9. ^{{cite journal | title = Mineralogy and petrology of Yamato 000593: Comparison with other Martian nakhlite meteorites | journal = Antarctic Meteorite Research | date = March 2003 | first = T. | last = Mikouchi |author2=E. Koizumi |author3=A. Monkawa |author4=Y. Ueda | volume = 16 | pages = 34–57|bibcode = 2003AMR....16...34M }} 10. ^1 2 {{cite journal | title = Yamato nahklites: Petrography and mineralogy | journal = Antarctic Meteorite Research | date = 2003 | first = N. | last = Imae |author2=Y. Ikeda |author3=K. Shinoda |author4=H. Kojima | volume = 16 | pages = 13–33| bibcode = 2003AMR....16...13I | last5 = Iwata | first5 = Naoyoshi }} 11. ^1 {{cite journal | title = Morphological behavior of inorganic precipitation systems - Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology II | journal = SPIE Proceedings | date = December 30, 1999 | first = Juan-Manuel Garcia-Ruiz | volume = Proc. SPIE 3755 | pages = 74–82 | doi = 10.1117/12.375088 | quote = It is concluded that "morphology cannot be used unambiguously as a tool for primitive life detection."| series = Instruments, Methods, and Missions for Astrobiology II | last1 = Garcia-Ruiz }} 12. ^{{cite news | author = Agresti | author2 = House | author3 = Jögi | author4 = Kudryavstev | author5 = McKeegan | author6 = Runnegar | author7 = Schopf | author8 = Wdowiak | title = Detection and geochemical characterization of Earth’s earliest life | date = December 3, 2008 | publisher = NASA | url = http://astrobiology.ucla.edu/pages/res3e.html | work = NASA Astrobiology Institute | accessdate = January 15, 2013 }} 13. ^{{cite journal |last1=Schopf |first1=J. William |last2=Kudryavtsev |first2=Anatoliy B. |last3=Czaja |first3=Andrew D. |last4=Tripathi |first4=Abhishek B. |date=April 28, 2007 |title=Evidence of Archean life: Stromatolites and microfossils |journal=Precambrian Research |volume=158 |issue=3–4 |pages=141–155 |url=http://www.cornellcollege.edu/geology/courses/greenstein/paleo/schopf_07.pdf |accessdate=January 15, 2013 |doi=10.1016/j.precamres.2007.04.009|bibcode = 2007PreR..158..141S }} External links
4 : Astrobiology|Martian meteorites|Meteorites found in Antarctica|Natural history of Antarctica |
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