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词条 Yanbaru
释义

  1. Biodiversity

  2. Conservation and tourism

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

{{nihongo|Yanbaru|山原}} is the Okinawan and Kunigami name given to the forested northern part of Okinawa Island in Japan. Spanning the northern villages of Higashi, Kunigami, and Ōgimi, Yanbaru contains some of the last large surviving tracts of subtropical rainforest in Asia, with many endemic species of flora and fauna.[1][2] Many southerners fled to the area for refuge during the Battle of Okinawa.[3] In 2016, Yanbaru National Park was established and the area was included in a submission for inscription on the UNESCO World Heritage List.[4][5][6][7]

Yanbaru currently contains the 7,500 ha US Jungle Warfare Training Centre at Camp Gonsalves.[2] As of 2010 there were twenty-two helipads in the training area with a further seven planned within two of the best preserved areas.[8] Issues relating to the location of helipads delayed the designation as a National Park.[6][9] Threatened by clearcutting and the removal of undergrowth, various endemic species are facing an imminent extinction crisis.[8][10] The US Marine Corps has noted that 'to continue to perform realistic military training activities, these habitats must be maintained.'[2]

Biodiversity

According to the WWF, Yanbaru is the habitat of over four thousand species, with eleven animals and twelve plants peculiar to the area. Many of these are threatened species on the IUCN Red List and 177 feature on the Red List of the Ministry of the Environment.[9] Rare species include the flightless Okinawa rail (Yanbaru kuina in Japanese), Okinawa woodpecker (Special Natural Monument), Ryukyu robin, Amami woodcock, Ryukyu black-breasted leaf turtle, Anderson's crocodile newt, Ishikawa's frog, Holst's frog, Namiye's frog, Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat, and Muennink's spiny rat.[11] All these species, with the exception of the Ryukyu robin, are classified as endangered; the Muennink's spiny rat, the Okinawa woodpecker, and Yanbaru whiskered bat being critically endangered.[12][13]

The Okinawa woodpecker in particular is threatened both by the presence of American Ospreys[14] from the US Marine bases on the island and by the construction of six new helipads[15][16] in the forest.

Conservation and tourism

The {{nihongo|Yanbaru Wildlife Conservation Centre (Ufugi Nature Museum)|やんばる野生生物保護センター (ウフギー自然館)}} opened in 1999 to increase understanding of the area; in 2010 it reopened after renovation.[1][17][18] The area is being promoted by Okinawa Prefecture for ecotourism.[19]

See also

{{Commons category|Yanbaru}}
  • Okinawa Yanbaru Seawater Pumped Storage Power Station
  • Issue of US bases in Okinawa
  • Ryūkyū Kingdom
  • National Parks in Japan
  • World Heritage Sites in Japan
  • Ogasawara Islands

References

1. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.ufugi-yambaru.com/annai/images/panfu_e.pdf |title=Ufugi Nature Museum |publisher=Yambaru Wildlife Conservation Centre |accessdate=19 February 2012}}
2. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.marines.mil/unit/logistics/Documents/LFL/LFL-1/NaturalResources/Outreach/USMC%20Natural%20Resources%20Conservation%20Program.pdf |title=United States Marine Corps Installations Natural Resource Program: Camp Smedley D. Butler, MCB |publisher=United States Marine Corps |accessdate=19 February 2012}}{{dead link|date=August 2016}}
3. ^{{cite book |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LLUpgYAwtl4C&pg=PA164&dq=yanbaru&hl=en&sa=X&ei=2d9AT5uSFISf0QW_67SPDw&ved=0CDwQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q=yanbaru&f=false |title=Myth, Protest and Struggle in Okinawa |author=Tanji Miyumi |publisher=Routledge |year=2006 |page=164 |ISBN=978-0-415-36500-0}}
4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2016/09/15/national/wild-forest-area-northern-okinawa-designated-33rd-national-park/#.V_kolDKZNBw |title=Wild forest area in northern Okinawa designated as 33rd national park |work=The Japan Times |date=15 September 2016 |accessdate=8 October 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web |url=http://whc.unesco.org/en/tentativelists/6160/ |title=Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, the northern part of Okinawa Island and Iriomote Island |publisher=UNESCO |accessdate=8 October 2016}}
6. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/nn20120101c7.html |title=Japan prepares to nominate more sites for registration on global list |work=The Japan Times |date=1 January 2012 |accessdate=19 February 2012}}
7. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.yomiuri.co.jp/dy/national/T120217004973.htm |title=Govt to select candidate for World Natural Heritage |work=Yomiuri Shimbun |date=18 February 2012 |accessdate=19 February 2012}}
8. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2010/oct/04/biodiversity-100-actions-asia |title=Biodiversity 100: actions for Asia |author=Chapron, Guillaume (et al.) |work=The Guardian |date=4 October 2010 |accessdate=19 February 2012}}
9. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.wwf.or.jp/activities/lib/yanbaru0706e.pdf |title=No Military Helipads in Yanbaru Forest |publisher=World Wide Fund for Nature |accessdate=19 February 2012}}
10. ^{{cite journal |url=http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=4943132&fulltextType=RA&fileId=S0030605300031367 |title=Imminent extinction crisis among the endemic species of the forests of Yanbaru, Okinawa, Japan |author=Itō Yosiaki (et al.) |journal=Oryx |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=2000 |volume=34 |pages=305–316}}
11. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/jp/tokusyu_8/dou_syoku.htm |title=Rare species in Yanbaru |publisher=Okinawa Prefecture |accessdate=19 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090909190020/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/jp/tokusyu_8/dou_syoku.htm# |archive-date=2009-09-09 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/100600743/0 |title=Dendrocopos noguchii |publisher=IUCN |accessdate=19 February 2012}}
13. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iucnredlist.org/apps/redlist/details/29484/0 |title=Myotis yanbarensis |publisher=IUCN |accessdate=19 February 2012}}
14. ^http://english.ryukyushimpo.jp/2014/11/10/15822/
15. ^http://www.japan-press.co.jp/modules/news/index.php?id=9516
16. ^http://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/AJ201607220079.html
17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.env.go.jp/nature/yasei/guide/yaseiseibutsu.html |title=Wildlife Conservation Centres in Japan |language=Japanese |publisher=Ministry of the Environment |accessdate=19 February 2012}}
18. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.japantimes.co.jp/text/fv20080328a1.html |title=Finding the real Okinawa in Yanbaru |author=Cook, Chris |work=The Japan Times |date=28 March 2008 |accessdate=19 February 2012}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/a_la/tokusyu_8/isimori.htm |title=Ecotourism in Okinawa: Yanbaru |author=Ishimori Shuzo |publisher=Okinawa Prefecture |accessdate=19 February 2012 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111030064500/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/a_la/tokusyu_8/isimori.htm# |archive-date=2011-10-30 |dead-url=yes |df= }}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20050205130937/http://www.pref.okinawa.jp/summit/jp/tokusyu_8/map.htm Map of Yanbaru] (area marked in green on smaller map)
  • State of Japan’s Environment at a Glance: Extinct and Endangered Species Listed in the Red Data Book

1 : Geography of Okinawa Prefecture
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