| 词条 | Yefim Yevdokimov |
| 释义 |
| name = Yefim Yevdokimov Ефим Георгиевич Евдокимов | image =File:Evdokimov efim.jpg |imagesize = | nationality = Russian | order = First Secretary of the North Caucasus Regional Committee of the CPSU | term_start =January 1934 | term_end = 13 March 1937 | predecessor = Boris Sheboldayev | successor = Post disestablished | order1 = First Secretary of the Azov-Black Sea Regional Committee of the CPSU | term_start1 = 13 March 1937 | term_end1 = 13 September 1937 | predecessor1 = Post established | successor1 = Post disestablished | order2 = First Secretary of the Rostov Regional Committee of the CPSU | term_start2 = 13 September 1937 | term_end2 = May 1938 | predecessor2 = Post established | successor2 = Boris Dvinsky | office3 = Deputy People's Commissar of Water Transport of the Soviet Union | term_start3 =May 1938 | term_end3 = 9 November 1938 |birth_name= | birth_date = {{Birth date|df=yes|1881|01|20}} | birth_place = Kopal, Semirechye Oblast, Russian Empire | death_date = {{Death date and age|df=yes|1940|02|02|1891|01|20}} | death_place = Communarka shooting ground, Moscow, Soviet Union | resting_place = Communarka shooting ground | awards = }} Yefim Georgievich Yevdokimov ({{lang-ru|Ефи́м Гео́ргиевич Евдоки́мов}}, {{OldStyleDate|20 January|1891|8 January}} – 2 February 1940)[1] was a Soviet politician and member of the Cheka. He was a key figure in the Red Terror, the Great Purge and dekulakization that saw millions of people executed and deported. Yevdokimov himself was arrested on 9 November 1938 and executed 2 February 1940. He was posthumously rehabilitated in 1956.[1] BiographyYevdokimov was born in Kopal, Semirechye Oblast, Russian Empire (now Qapal, Kazakhstan). His father, Georgy Savvateyevich Yevdokimov, was a peasant from Kursk who joined the Semirechye Cossacks. In Semirechye he married a young peasant, Anastasia Arkhipovna. After Yefim was born in 1891, the family moved to Chita.[2] Yevdokimov was in prison at the time of the 1917 revolution, reputedly as a criminal rather than for political reasons, but was freed by the revolution, and joined the Cheka. In the late 1920s, he was chief of the OGPU in the North Caucasus region, based in Rostov. In this capacity he is reputed to have initiated the purge that culminated in the Shakhty Trial, the first Stalinist show trial, against the wishes of his superior, Vyacheslav Menzhinsky.[3] He was barred from further promotion in the secret police, but switched to party work as First Secretary of the North Caucasus Regional Committee of the CPSU in January 1934. During the Great Purge, in 1937, he presided over a ruthless purge of the party and police apparatus in the region. This included having friends of the writer Mikhail Sholokhov arrested. He also twice asked Stalin for permission to have Sholokhov arrested, but was refused. In February 1938, Sholokhov wrote to Stalin complaining that Yevdokimov was a "crafty, lame old fox" and either an enemy of the people or "a sorry old geezer."[4] On 4 May 1938, he was transferred to Moscow as Deputy People's Commissar for Water Transport, under N.I.Yezhov, but was arrested on 9 November, along with his wife, Maria, and teenage son, Yuri, after Lavrenti Beria had wrested control of the secret police from Yezhov. He held out for five months before being forced to confess to having plotted to assassinate Stalin and others. On 16 January 1940, Yevdokimov, his wife, and 17-year-old son were all included with Yezhov, the writer Isaac Babel, on a list drawn up by Beria of 346 people who were to be executed. He was shot on 2 February 1940. His wife and son were also shot. Yevdokimov was rehabilitated on 17 March 1956. Honours and awards
On 19 July 1935, the village of Medvezhensky (now Krasnogvardeyskoye, Stavropol Krai) was renamed "Yevdokimovsky" in honor of Yevdokimov, the first secretary of the North Caucasus Krai. After Yevdokimov's arrest as an "enemy of the people" in 1938, the town was renamed "Molotov" in honor of Vyacheslav Molotov.[7] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.alexanderyakovlev.org/almanah/almanah-dict-bio/55005/5 |title=Евдокимов Ефим Георгиевич|publisher=Alexander Yakovlev Archives|language=ru|accessdate=17 February 2015}} {{DEFAULTSORT:Yevdokimov, Yefim Grigorievich}}2. ^{{cite book|title=1937 Большая чистка НКВД против ЧК|trans-title=The 1937 NKVD Great Purge Against the Cheka |author1=Mikhail Tumshis|author2=Alexander Papchinsky|chapter=Евдокимов и другие (Yevdokimov and Others)|year=2009|isbn=978-5699343607}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title = Inside Stalin's Secret Police, NKVD Politics 1936-39|last = Conquest|first = Robert|publisher = Macmillan|year = 1985|isbn = 0-333-39260-4|location = Basingstoke, Hampshire|pages = 25, 33}} 4. ^{{Cite book|title = Fear and the Muse Kept Watch|last = McSmith|first = Andy|publisher = The New Press|year = 2015|isbn = 978-1-59558-056-6|location = New York|pages = 211}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://russian-dossier.ru/taxonomy/term/8744 |script-title=ru:Евдокимов Ефим Георгиевич (1891-1940) |publisher=Russian-Dossier.ru|accessdate=17 February 2015 |language=ru}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title = Stalin's Loyal Executioner: People's Commissar Nikolai Ezhov, 1895-1940|last = Jansen|first = Marc and Nikolai Petrov|publisher = Hoover Institution Press|year = 2002|isbn = 978-0-8179-2902-2|location = Stanford, CA|pages = 184, 186}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://stavkomarchiv.ru/userfiles/file/4%20Краткая%20справка%20по%20административно-территориальному%20делению%20Ставропольского%20края%20с%201920%20по%201992%20г_.doc|script-title=ru:Краткая справка об административно-территориальных изменениях Ставропольского края за 1920—1992 гг. |trans-title=Background on administrative-territorial changes in the Stavropol Krai from 1920-1992|publisher=Archives of the Stavropol Krai|accessdate=17 February 2015|language=ru }} 12 : 1891 births|1940 deaths|Old Bolsheviks|Recipients of the Order of Lenin|Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner|Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union members|Members of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union executed by the Soviet Union|Great Purge victims from Russia|Russian people executed by the Soviet Union|Executed Russian people|People from Semirechye Oblast|Soviet rehabilitations |
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