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词条 Yoo Byung-eun
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Career

      Religious call    Acquisition of Samwoo Trading and founding of Semo Corp.    Odaeyang mass suicide    Semo Corp. bankruptcy    Other ventures    Inventions    Ahae  

  3. The sinking of the Sewol

      Ownership    Leadership    Allegations and charges    Investigation    Yoo Som-na    Eight aides    Kwon Oh-kyun    Yoo Byung-il    Shin Myung-hee    Oh Gabriel    Kwon Yun-ja    Yoo Byung-ho    Lee Seok-hwan    Ongoing investigation  

  4. Personal life

      Reported death  

  5. Bibliography

  6. References

  7. External links

{{see also|Sinking of the MV Sewol}}{{lead too short|date=November 2014}}{{Use dmy dates|date=July 2014}}{{Korean name|Yoo}}{{Infobox person
| name = Yoo Byung-eun
| image =
| caption =
| birth_date = 11 February 1941
| birth_place = Kyoto, Japan
| death_date = c. June 2014
| death_place = Suncheon, South Korea
| residence = Geumsuwon, Anseong, South Korea
| nationality = South Korean
| other_names = "Ahae", "The Millionaire with no Face"
| known_for = MV Sewol
| alma_mater = Seonggwang High School
| occupation = Pastor,[1] inventor, businessman, photographer
| home_town = Daegu
| spouse = Kwon Yun-ja (married 1966–2014; his death)
| children = 4
| module = {{Infobox Korean name|child=yes|color=transparent|
| hangul = {{linktext|유|병|언}}
| hanja = {{linktext|兪|炳|彦}}[2]
| rr = Yu Byeong-eon{{cn|date=April 2019}}
| mr = Yu Pyŏng'ŏn
}}
| website = {{url|www.ahae.com}}
{{url|www.ahaenews.com}}}}Yoo Byung-eun ({{Korean|hangul=유병언|hanja=兪炳彦|rr=|mr=}}) was a South Korean businessman, and inventor, who as a photographer was known under the art name Ahae.[3] Due to his reclusiveness, he was known as "the millionaire with no face".[4]

Yoo was the chairman of Chonghaejin Marine, which operated the MV Sewol ferry en route from Incheon towards Jeju when it sank. The sinking of the vessel would later become known as the Sewol Ferry Disaster. After the Incheon District Court issued an arrest warrant on 22 May, Yoo had gone into hiding and was Korea's most-wanted fugitive. In June, a male body was found in a field and on 21 July it was reported that it was Yoo's.[5]

Early life and education

Yoo was born in Kyoto, Japan to Korean parents on 11 February 1941.[6] Yoo's family returned to Korea following the liberation from Japanese colonial rule in 1945 and settled in Daegu, where Yoo graduated from Seonggwang High School.[7]

Career

Religious call

According to the U.S.-based non-profit organization Evangelical Media Group created by Yoo in 2001,[8] "he first began to live for the sake of the gospel in 1961," and that he "worked as an inventor and businessman to support the spreading of the gospel all over the world".[9] Yoo was one of 11 students admitted to the Good News Mission Bible school established in Korea by American and English missionaries, but he was expelled.[10] He founded what later became the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea, also known as the Salvation Sect,[11] in 1962 with his father-in-law, Pastor Kwon Shin-chan ({{Lang|ko|권신찬}}; 1923{{ndash}}96).[12][13] The church was held to be a cult by a conservative Christian denomination, the General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches, in 1992.[14]

Acquisition of Samwoo Trading and founding of Semo Corp.

Yoo, while still serving as a pastor, got his start in business when acquiring the bankrupt textile company Samwoo Trading Co. ({{Lang|ko|삼우무역}}) in 1976.[15][16] He took over as CEO in 1978, and turned it into a toy manufacturing and export company.[17][18] Yoo went into shipping when he founded Semo Corp. ({{Lang|ko|주식회사 세모}}) in 1979,[19] a holding company that came to span shipping, shipbuilding, domestic ferry businesses, electronics, real estate, cosmetics, paint, stuffed toys, pewter, and various other ventures.[20][21][22][23][24][25][26] Semo started operating ferries on Seoul's Han River in 1986, two years before the city held the Summer Olympics.[27][28][29]

Odaeyang mass suicide

Yoo came to public attention in connection with the Odaeyang mass suicide in 1987. Police were investigating accusations against a 48-year-old woman, Park Soon-ja, saying that she had swindled {{SK won|8.9|link=yes}} billion (~{{US$|8.7}} million) from about 220 people.[30][31] Odeyang Trading Co. was a firm that established by Park who used to attend Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea and Jehovah's Witnesses in the past.[32] Yoo has denied any link to the group.[33] On 29 August 1987 thirty-two members of the sect who believed in doomsday, including Park Soon-ja and her three children, were found dead, bound and gagged.[34][35] Police assumed the event was a murder–suicide pact, and the prosecution initially suspected that Yoo was linked to the case;[36][37] but he was never charged, and the police closed the case as a mass suicide.[38][39][40][41] After six people, including a former follower of Park named Kim Do-hyun,[42] surrendered to authorities on 10 July 1991,[43] the case was reopened and found money transactions between Odaeyang Trading Co. and a member of Evangelical Baptist Church. However, the money transactions revealed that they had nothing to do with Odaeyang Trading Co. case, and private loan of Odaeyang Trading Co. Those were normal payment remittances of goods between Park and the member of Evangelical Baptist Church before establishment of Odaeyang Trading Co.[44][45][46] Yoo was arrested and, in 1992, convicted of "habitual fraud under the mask of religion" for his role in colluding with one of his employees to collect donations from church members in the amount of {{SK won|1.2|link=yes}} billion (~{{US$|1.15}} million) and invest them in his businesses. He served a 4-year prison term.[47][48][49][50][51][52]

In November 2014, report says Incheon District Prosecutor's Office confirm in May there was no connection between Yoo and Odaeyang incident.[53][54]

Semo Corp. bankruptcy

By 1990, Semo Corp. had 1,800 employees,[55] but the ferry businesses suffered maritime accidents. In 1990, 14 Semo workers were killed when their cruise ship on the Han River was hit by another ship.[47][56] The company was cleared of any liability for the incident.[27] Semo grew into the biggest ferry operator by 1994, operating 30 ships,[57][58][59] and once had nearly 3,000 employees.[24]

Semo Group filed for bankruptcy with more than {{SK won|300|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|294}} million) in debts amidst the 1997 Asian financial crisis, in the wake of a series of highly publicized scandals, citing business diversification as the cause of a cash shortage that had fuelled a rise in debts in its bankruptcy protection petition, and was liquidated.[27][52][60]

After Semo's bankruptcy, Yoo's family continued to operate ferry businesses under the names of other companies, including one that eventually became Chonghaejin Marine, and grew to become the monopolistic operator of ferries linking Incheon and Jeju.[61][62][63]

Chonghaejin Marine Company Ltd. was set up two years later on 24 February 1999, a day before a court approved the restructuring of the bankrupt Semo, and became a key entity to consolidate Semo's shipping business, taking over ships and assets held by Semo Marine, and had its debts written off.[14][27][60][63][64][65]

Other ventures

According to Chaebul.com, an online information provider on large businesses, Yoo and his family own 30 business operators, with 13 doing business abroad such as in the U.S., Hong Kong and France. Their combined assets amount to some {{SK won|500|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|480}} million).[60] The collective assets of the 13 overseas operations surged to {{SK won|166.5|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|158}} million) at the end of 2013.[65] In France in 2012, Yoo made headlines prior to his photo exhibition in the Tuileries Garden at The Louvre when he through his public relations company, Ahae Press, bought the abandoned village of Courbefy for {{€|520,000}} ({{US$|663,000}}, {{SK won|767.5|link=no}} million).[66][67][68][69][70] Yoo had seen it on CNN,[71] and wanted to set up an "environmental, artistic and cultural" project in the village.[72][73][74] Yoo has a wide range of other business interests according to official documents and information on company websites.[9] He owns a plantation in the United States called 123Farm,[75][76] one of the largest organic lavender farms in California started in 2001 at the site of the Highland Springs Resort,[77] a {{convert|2400|acre|ha sqmi|lk=on}} property consisting of a 56-room hotel, conference center, and restaurants. Yoo was chairman of the board of the company that bought the resort in May 1990 for {{US$|6.75}} million.[78] I-One-I Holdings subsidiary Dapanda owns 9.9{{nbsp}}percent of the Highland Springs Conference and Training Centre at the resort, according to regulatory filings.[79][80]

Inventions

As an inventor, Yoo holds multiple patents, one being for a colonic irrigation system,[81] for which he received an International Federation of Inventors' Associations' prize at the 2006 Seoul International Invention Fair.[82] The invention is marketed in the United States, Canada, Mexico, Germany, South Korea, Philippines, and Malaysia by NaeClear,[83] and is sold in South Korea by the company Dapanda. It "arose from the concept of Hemato-Centric Health, which revolves around the blood as being the center of life." supposedly a concept created by Yoo and his non-profit research organization Hemato-Centric Life Institute (New York) chaired by his younger son Keith H. Yoo (Yoo Hyuk-kee, {{Lang|ko|유혁기}}; born 1972);[84][85] sponsored by NaeClear Co., Ltd. and daughter Yoo Som-na's company Moreal Design Inc., Yoo delivered keynote speeches at the 2010-13{{nbsp}}Hemato-Centric Life Forum meetings in Seoul organized by Hemato-Centric Life Foundation.[86][87][88]

Ahae

Ahae ({{Lang|ko|아해}}), which means "child" in old Korean language, was a nickname used in reference to Yoo in correspondence on an Evangelical Baptist Church website EBC World ({{URL|www.ebcworld.org}}). Through his PR companies Ahae Press, Inc. in New York, Ahae Press France in Paris, and Ahae Press Ltd. UK in London, Yoo has exhibited and marketed himself as the photographer who goes by the name Ahae.[3][79] Yoo was unknown as a photographer before 2011.[89][90][91][92]

The project titled Through My Window began in early spring 2009 and continued for 4 years, during which time Yoo allegedly took about 2.7 million photographs, all through one window, which equates to a rate of roughly one photo every 60 seconds. The collection mainly consists of natural scenes shot through the window of Yoo's own studio. The location is the rural commune belonging to the Evangelical Baptist Church called "Geumsuwon" ({{Lang|ko|금수원}}) east of Anseong south of Seoul, where Yoo lives.[93][94]

Yoo first exhibited Through My Window in the Vanderbilt Hall of Grand Central Terminal, New York City, in April 2011; co-produced by daughter Yoo Som-na's company Moreal Design, it was organized by Hemato-Centric Life Institute,[95] and sponsored by Highland Springs Resort[96] and Bear Family Green Club.[97][98][99] His exhibition Through My Window: Vibrancy and Serenity was on display on the same location in October 2011.[100][101] Yoo did not attend the exhibition that was unveiled by his second son, Yoo Hyuk-kee, known outside South Korea as Keith H. Yoo.[102] Keith, as CEO of Ahae Press, curated his father's exhibitions.[117][103][104][105]

As a travelling exhibition, Through My Window was then on display in Europe at the National Gallery in Prague,[106] Clarence House Gardens, Lancaster House, and Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew in London,[107][108] Vremena Goda Galleries in Moscow,[109][110] Museo Nazionale Alinari della Fotografia in Florence,[111][112] and in Magazzini del Sale, Venice.[113]

From June to August 2012, Through My Window (De ma fenêtre) was displayed in a {{convert|12000|sqft|m2|lk=in|sigfig=2}}, four-story bespoke exhibition pavilion erected in the Tuileries Garden, that is administratively attached to The Louvre, in Paris.[117][118][119] English film composer Ilan Eshkeri was commissioned to write a twelve-part tone poem. Pre-recorded in Abbey Road Studios by the London Metropolitan Orchestra the 46 minutes composition played alongside the exhibition, and was later released on Blu-ray Disc.[120][121][122][123] For the gala dinner in the exhibition pavilion on 25 June 2012 Keith H. Yoo had commissioned British composer Michael Nyman to write a 26 minutes long piano quintet in four movements titled Through the Only Window. The work was subsequently recorded by Nyman Quintet in the Abbey Road Studios, and released on Nyman's record label.[124][125][126] Hervé Barbaret, deputy to former director of The Louvre Henri Loyrette, disclosed to L'Express in 2014 that "The Louvre did not pay a penny to organize this event. The artist paid the production entirely and paid a little more than {{€|500,000|link=yes}} (~{{US$|700.000}}, ~{{SK won|700|link=no}} million) to exhibit himself in the Tuileries".[127] Ahae further donated {{€|1.1|link=no}} million (~{{US$|1.5}} million, ~{{SK won|1.5|link=no}} billion) to The Louvre.[128][129][130][131]

French magazine A nous Paris in its 25 June 2012 edition asked Keith H. Yoo the question: "The exhibition is a significant cost. Do you have any sponsors?" To which Keith answered: "No. We are funding everything with the money from our different companies. We are not interested in outside pressure and want to enjoy total freedom."[132]

For his second solo exhibition in France, Fenêtre sur l'extraordinaire (Window on the Extraordinary), Ahae rented the Orangerie Hall of the Palace of Versailles from 25 June to 9 September 2013.[133][134][135] To mark the end of the exhibition, Michael Nyman was again commissioned, and wrote a 32 minutes long symphony in four movements for the occasion, Symphony No. 6{{nbsp}}"AHAE", representing the four seasons in nature as depicted by Ahae. French composer Nicolas Bacri was commissioned to write a 29 minutes long symphonic piece, his opus 130 titled "Ahae's Day (Four Images for Orchestra)". The London Symphony Orchestra was hired to premiere both pieces at L'Opéra of the Palace of Versailles in Paris on 8 September 2013.[136] Both pieces have been recorded for a planned future release.[137][138][139] Ahae was the sole patron of the Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau (Water Theatre Grove) (fr) currently being recreated with sculptures by Jean-Michel Othoniel in the area of the Gardens of Versailles, donating {{€|1.4|link=no}} million (~{{US$|1.9}} million, ~{{SK won|1.9|link=no}} billion).[128][140][141][142] Catherine Pégard, head of the Public Establishment of the Palace, Museum and National Estate of Versailles who administer the Palace of Versailles, disclosed that the exhibition was on a sponsorship basis, saying "The artist himself wanted to rent the Orangerie. But we never communicate the numbers." Spurred by investigative reporting initially published by Bernard Hasquenoph, French Le Monde and British The Times wrote that Ahae gave {{€|5|link=no}} million (~{{US$|6.8}} million, ~{{SK won|6.9|link=no}} billion) to Versailles.[143][144][145][146][147][148]

Financial Times in its review of the Versailles exhibition wrote: {{Quotation|The scene that is the subject of Ahae's images looks, on the face of it, pretty unremarkable. A couple of murky ponds sit in a field which backs on to a fairly uninteresting looking wood. But such is the focus of Ahae's gaze that the viewer comes to know the fauna on the patch – from the fierce great tits who stare defiantly into the camera to the thuggish magpies and the beleaguered egrets and herons who bow to assaults by their neighbours like ageing professors hounded by skinheads.|Catherine Milner|The Extraordinary within the Ordinary, Versailles – review|Financial Times[103]}}

The Economist wrote: {{Quotation|At first glance, the view from Ahae's window appears unimpressive. Yet these images reward patience. Ahae's forensic attention to detail reveals the stoicism, dignity and minor dramas of the animals going about their daily business, and raises these pictures to the realm of poetry.|C.M.|Nature photography in Versailles: Seoulful visions|The Economist[149]}}

Parisian newspapers Le Monde and Libération, several French art magazines, as well as Korean expatriates in France in an open letter on 12 June to French Minister of Culture Aurélie Filippetti, Catherine Pégard, president of the Château de Versailles, Henri Loyrette, ex-president of the Louvre and co-president of the French-Korean Year, and Bruno Ory-Lavollé, director of the Forest Festival in Compiègne, have raised their concerns over French cultural institutions accepting self-financed exhibitions in return for donations.[92][116][127][145][150][151][152][153][154][155] La Croix on 3 July wrote that French Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius would write to Versailles to demand the termination of the Ahae sponsorship there.[177][178]

Ahae, through his company Ahae Press, was a patron of the Forest Festival, a classical music festival in the forests of Compiègne, northern France. His photographs were to be projected during a gala concert at Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne on 4 July 2014. The sponsorship commitment was {{€|10,000|link=no}} (~{{US$|13,640}}, ~{{SK won|13.9|link=no}} million).[156][157][158] Following the open letter on 12 June from Korean expatriates in France to, among others, Minister of Culture Aurélie Filippetti and the director of the Forest Festival, and subsequent talks between the festival and the Ministry of Culture, Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius on 30 June gave written notice to the festival suggesting the projection should be renounced "out of sensitivity and respect for the Korean people mourning [following the sinking of Sewol], in particular the families of the young victims, and in the interest of the Festival and of France"; the projection and the sponsorship was cancelled on 2 July.[116][159][160][161][162][163][164][165][166][167][168]

An Ahae exhibition produced by Ahae Press titled Les échos du temps de près et de loin (Echos of Time: Far and Near) for the opening season of the new Philharmonie de Paris was scheduled for 5 May to 28 September 2015, and a concert sponsored by Ahae Press on 15 June 2015 in Philharmonie de Paris featuring Nyman's Symphony No. 6 "Ahae" and Beethoven's Symphony No. 6 "Pastorale" was announced; both have been cancelled.[169][170]

French newspaper La Croix in a comment to the sinking of the MV Sewol wrote: {{Quotation|This businessman with a murky past had used his fortune to exhibit at The Louvre. ... The crew [of the Sewol] was mainly made up of followers of the church of Yoo; temporary, often renewed and who were unfamiliar with their ship. The investigation also revealed that the owner had only spent 541,000 won ($521; €400) on crew training, including evacuation drills for its employees in 2013. Its wealthy owner had other priorities ... he used his fortune to organize worldwide exhibitions of his landscape photographs.|Frédéric Ojardias|Corée, le scandaleux propriétaire du ferry naufragé|La Croix[171][172]}}

France Info commented: {{Quotation|In the Tuileries as at Versailles Ahae himself had financed his own exhibitions. ... In 2013, the company spent $500 in costs for training their crews, an amount that pales in comparison to the wealth of the owner of the shipping company. However, one of the main causes of the tragedy was precisely the total lack of preparation of the crew in case of disaster.|Pierrick de Morel|Corée du Sud : qui est Yoo Byung-Eun, propriétaire du ferry naufragé ?|France Info[173]}}

Gallery

The sinking of the Sewol

{{main|Sinking of the MV Sewol}}

The ferry Sewol capsized and sank on 16 April 2014. It was carrying 476 people, mostly secondary school students from Danwon High School who were travelling from Incheon towards Jeju.[174] The sinking resulted in 304 deaths, and is the worst ferry disaster in South Korea since 14 December 1970, when the sinking of the ferry Namyoung cost 326 people out of 338 their lives.[175][176][177] Sewol was operated by the company Chonghaejin Marine.

Ownership

Before his death, Yoo had widely been described as "the owner of" or "the de facto owner of" the sunken ferry Sewol, and was former chairman of Chonghaejin Marine.[9][28] Son Byong-ki, Yoo's lawyer, stated on 25 April that Yoo "has no financial ties to Chonghaejin or its subsidiaries."[178] A press release from Yoo's U.S. publicist, Ahae Press Inc., stated that "[Mr. Yoo] does not own any shares, direct or indirect, of Chonghaejin."[3] Financial filings confirmed that Yoo had no stake in the shipping company.[9]

Yoo was the head of the family who partially own Chonghaejin Marine, and is believed to have exercised influence through a web of company cross-shareholdings.[4][60][179] His two sons, Yoo Dae-kyun ({{Lang|ko|유대균}}; born {{circa|1970}}), and second son Yoo Hyuk-kee, are controlling the shipping firm through a majority stake in the investment vehicle I-One-I Holdings as well as 13 unlisted affiliates which through a tangled web of ownership structure own each other, a structure prosecutors describe as pyramid-like, and ultimately is controlled by individuals― Yoo's two sons and seven of his friends.[12][52][64][180][181] Chung Sun-seop, editor of Chaebul.com, a website that analyses South Korea's chaebol business groups, said that "This kind of shadow management through his children or close aides is not uncommon among chaebol companies."[182]

On 23 April investigators of the Incheon District Prosecutors' Office raided the head office of Chonghaejin Marine, and some 20 offices of its affiliates, as well as the office of the Evangelical Baptist Church in Yongsan, central Seoul. Prosecutors suspected that funds from members of the religious group had been used in business operations of Chonghaejin Marine and Yoo Byung-eun.[37][183] The prosecution found more than 100 bogus companies, many of them set up and operated by followers of a Yoo's religious group, had paid Yoo and his two sons at least {{SK won|100|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|97.1}} million) for their "consulting services," and had purchased photos taken by Yoo.[184] Yoo's religious group denied cross-border transactions with affiliates of the ferry operator.[185] The Prosecution secured video footage of a lecture Yoo delivered to the sect's believers in April 2010, in which Yoo admitted to have registered properties under the names of other persons.[186]

A lawyer representing Yoo Dae-kyun and Yoo Hyuk-kee said on 22 April that "If there is any legal responsibility, the owners are willing to offer their wealth and assets to help compensate the victims."[172] On 24 April the two sons apologised in a written statement saying: "We will humbly accept all responsibility for this accident and we will not hesitate to do anything to console the pain of victims and grieving families even a little bit."[222]

Leadership

Michael Ham, managing director of Ahae Press and co-director of Evangelical Media Group, in a press release 25 April 2014 said: "Mr. Yoo does not have any involvement in the management or day-to-day operations of Chonghaejin Marine Co. ... I know that he has been spending every single day of the past four to five years focusing on his photography work."[3][128][187] Yoo's lawyer said that Yoo has been not been involved in corporate management since Semo went bankrupt in 1997.[184]

Investigators have obtained evidence indicating Yoo as the de facto leader of the company. One piece of evidence is a detailed list of all the company's staff prepared on 15 April 2014, a day before the sinking of the MV Sewol, which named Yoo as chairman of Chonghaejin Marine with employee number A99001, or employee No. 1 at the company, which was established in 1999.[188] They also discovered a pay stub that records a payment of {{SK won|15|link=no}} million (~{{US$|14,700}}) monthly over more than a year.[189][190] They have also obtained testimony from others that Yoo was directly involved in managing the ferry operator.[188]

Sewol was remodeled between October 2012 and February 2013 to increase the number of passenger cabins and add a fifth floor, mainly used as an exhibition hall for photographs by Yoo (Ahae). The employee of Chonghaejin who was in charge of the refitting testified that he carried out the expansion under the direction of Yoo.[190]

Investigators found that Yoo has glossed over critical problems with the stability of the refurbished vessel. According to the prosecution, the regular captain of the Sewol testified that he had warned Chonghaejin Marine of serious stability problems with the vessel,[191] and Kim Han-shik, the chief of Chonghaejin Marine notified Yoo of the risks of overloading it with freight in January 2014. Kim reportedly pointed out the ferry's weakened ability to recover left-and-right balance when tilted due to the extension in the number of cabins, and advised Yoo to sell off the ferry.[192] Yoo allegedly told them to keep running Sewol as usual and put up for sale both the sister ship Ohamana and Sewol in March.[172][193][194][195]

On 20 May it was confirmed that the overloading and remodeling of the ship compromised its ability to maintain stability during the time of the accident.[190]

Allegations and charges

Based on the evidence, prosecutors concluded that Yoo was the one who directs operation and execution of business, and planned to hold Yoo vicariously liable for the acts of the operator's crew members. Accordingly, the prosecution was poised to cite "negligent homicide" in its coming application of criminal law against Yoo.[196][197]

Yoo was charged with embezzlement, breach of trust and tax evasion.[198] He is suspected of embezzling {{SK won|128.9|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|125.8}} million) from his companies, including {{SK won|44.6|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|43.5}} million) transferred overseas illegally, as part of a scheme to sell his nature photographs to his companies for tens of millions of won. He also owes an estimated {{SK won|10.1|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|9.8}} million) in taxes for the photos sold.[199] Prosecutors also found evidence that Yoo's family set up several paper companies with no consultants, which then collected some {{SK won|20|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|19}} million) in consulting fees from companies related to Semo Group over the last few years.[200][201] They are also looking into circumstantial evidence that Yoo's family has claimed commission fees of tens of billions of won from the related companies for the use of trademark rights for names like Sewol.[202]

On 30 June, the Prosecution announced its intention to indict Yoo, irrespective of whether or not he was apprehended, citing "homicide by negligence" in the charges.[203]

Investigation

Yoo made no known public appearances since the Sewol sank.[204][205] The Ministry of Justice banned within the first week of the investigation Yoo, his eldest son Yoo Dae-kyun, and more than 60 other employees in various companies owned by Yoo or his sons from leaving South Korea.[64][65][172]

Son Byeong-gi, a lawyer representing both Yoo, Chonghaejin Marine, and I-One-I Holdings, said on 22 April that "If there is any legal responsibility, the owners are willing to offer their wealth and assets to help compensate the victims."[172]

The Park Geun-hye administration pledged to exercise the right to indemnity against Yoo and Chonghaejin Marine as soon as the state compensates victims' families. The combined damages from the sinking of the Sewol are estimated to reach {{SK won|2|link=no}} trillion (~{{US$|1.9}} billion).[253][206][207]

The accumulated value of the assets owned by Yoo and his family is estimated at over {{SK won|240|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|235}} million).[52][208][209] It includes an estimated {{SK won|129.1|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|126.7}} million) held by Yoo himself, {{SK won|49.2|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|48.3}} million) by eldest daughter Yoo Som-na, {{SK won|5.6|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|5.5}} million) by eldest son Yoo Dae-kyun, and {{SK won|55.9|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|54.9}} million) by the second son Yoo Hyuk-kee.[210]

Son Byeong-gi representing Yoo told the Chosun Ilbo on 24 April that reports that Yoo's assets total {{SK won|240|link=no}} billion were not true, but that Yoo had "voiced his willingness to donate his entire {{SK won|10|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|9.8}} million) estate due to his deep sorrow for those who lost their lives aboard the Sewol."[178] A prosecution official investigating Yoo's holdings said there was a "huge gap" between what the former chairman claimed he was worth and what investigators had found out so far. Son claimed on 25 April that he had been misunderstood and by {{SK won|10|link=no}} billion had meant "tens of billions" of won, and that Yoo was willing to donate his "entire" assets, whatever their size.[211] Son later resigned as lawyer for the family on 15 May.[212]

A financier of the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea was summoned for questioning on 24 April to trace deals between the sect and companies run by Yoo and his two sons.[14][213] Transcripts of land registers showed that four days later Yoo and his family signed over some 24 properties worth around {{SK won|27|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|26}} million) to the Evangelical Baptist Church of Korea on 28 and 29 April.[214]

On 13 May, the Incheon District Prosecutors' Office summoned Yoo to appear for questioning by 16 May,[215] but he failed to heed the call,[94][216] and was presumed hiding in the church compound Geumsuwon south of Seoul.[217] All of Yoo's children and a number of key suspects had ignored the summons.[218] Yoo failed to appear at a court hearing on 20 May.[219] On 22 May the Incheon District Court issued an arrest warrant and Korean authorities offered a {{SK won|50|link=yes}} million ({{US$|48,800}}) reward for information leading to the arrest of Yoo.[198][47] On 25 May the reward was raised tenfold to {{SK won|500|link=no}} million ({{US$|488,000}}).[220][221]

Prosecutors warned on 24 May that anyone who helps Yoo in hiding faces up to three years in prison.[222] Four members of Yoo's religious group were arrested 25 May for assisting Yoo to escape detection by the police.[277][223] On 26 May Yoo's religious group, in an apparent move to confuse investigators, said that Yoo might have returned early in the morning to Geumsuwon, the church commune in Anseong, Gyeonggi Province.[277] Geumsuwon is known as the main residence of Yoo.[224] A spokesperson for the sect later announced that Yoo had not returned, further saying, "We hope Yoo doesn't get arrested. A 100,000 followers will protect Yoo. Even if the entire congregation of 100,000 believers is arrested, we won't hand him over."[225][226] Lee Jae-ok, another member of Yoo's religious group, chairman of Yoo's Hemato-Centric Life Foundation,[94] and one of Yoo's close aides, was arrested on 26 May on charges of planning Yoo's life as a fugitive and helping him evade detection for weeks.[284][227]

President Park Geun-hye during a Cabinet meeting on 27 May ordered a quick arrest of the fugitive Yoo saying he and his family "is ridiculing the law and causing indignation among the people."[228] Beginning 27 May, police doubled the number of officers deployed for the search for Yoo from 24,000 to almost 50,000.[229]

Yoo Som-na

Yoo's eldest daughter, Yoo Som-na ({{Lang|ko|유섬나}}; born 1966), was summoned for questioning multiple times by the Prosecution, but evaded the Office's investigation.[230][231] She heads the interior design and consulting firm Moreal Design with offices on New York's Park Avenue and in Seoul,[232] which has done design work for many of Semo's affiliates, Debauve & Gallais, Hemato-Centric Life Institute, and NaeClear, and has sponsored Yoo's photographic exhibitions.[233] On 9 May 2014, police raided the firm's office in southern Seoul on suspicion it had been involved in forming the family's slush funds and managing them in overseas accounts.[234][235] On 11 May, the authorities issued an arrest warrant for Som-na after she failed to appear for questioning.[94][212][236] Som-na has been staying in France since February 2013 on a temporary residence visa.[145][237] She is accused of embezzling {{SK won|8|link=no}} billion ({{US$|7.8}} million) from her affiliates including Dapanda since 2003 while working as the head of Moreal Design in Seoul.[284][238]

On 23 May an Interpol Red Notice was issued, and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs ordered Som-na to surrender her passport,[301] while the Ministry of Justice dispatched local investigators to France to discuss potential extradition.[222] French law enforcement authorities arrested Som-na under the international arrest warrant on 27 May in her Paris apartment, reportedly worth {{SK won|2.5|link=yes}} billion (US$2.44 million), near Champs-Élysées.[239][240] The Ministry of Justice said that it will repatriate Som-na following a repatriation trial in France.[241] She appeared before a judge on 28 May,[242] who decided against releasing her on bail.[243] Through her French lawyer, Patrick Maisonneuve, Som-na has said she is innocent of the charges brought against her.[244] An appeal court on 11 June rejected Som-na's request for bail citing flight risk.[245] A renewed request to be released pending the extradition decision 17 September was rejected by a Paris judge on 9 July.[246][247] She is being held at the Fresnes Prison and is projected to bring her extradition case to the French Supreme Court, or even to judicial authorities of the European Union, which could delay her repatriation up to one year.[248][249][250]

On June 2, 2017 the appeal on the extradition order for Yoo Sum-na was rejected by the highest administrative court in France,[251] and on June 7, 2017 she was arrested by South-Korean officials at the Charles de Gaulle airport, aboard a plane from Korean Airlines bound for Korea.[252][253]

Eight aides

During the month of May, numerous persons were questioned and arrested, among them eight people who held top positions at subsidiary companies in Yoo's sphere of influence.

  • Song Kook-bin ({{Lang|ko|송국빈}}; born {{Circa|1952}}) was summoned for questioning on 30 April. He is CEO of Chonghaejin affiliate Dapanda, a direct-sales company distributing health supplements and cosmetics, and previously served as an CEO of I-One-I Holdings. Yoo's first son, Dae-kyun, is the biggest shareholders of Dapanda. Dapanda holds a 16.2 percent stake in Chonhaeji, the largest shareholder of Chonghaejin Marine, the operator of the ferry Sewol.[254][255][256][257] Song was subsequently arrested, detained, and on 21 May indicted on charges of embezzling company funds and channeling the money to Yoo and his family, including suspicions of purchasing photographs taken by Yoo for as much as {{SK won|50|link=no}} million (~{{US$|60,000}}) each, dealing significant damages to the company.[12][201][258][259]
  • Lee Jae-young ({{Lang|ko|이재영}}; born {{Circa|1952}}), Ahae Corp CEO, was arrested on 9 May, on charges of breach of trust and facilitating financial irregularities by buying millions of dollars worth of Yoo's photos at prices far higher than market values, thus funding his photography career.[260][261]
  • Lee Gang-se ({{Lang|ko|이강세}}; born {{Circa|1941}}), former Ahae Corp CEO, was questioned in early May over suspicions of aiding Yoo in the establishment of slush funds. Lee admitted that his former company Ahae Corp had paid bogus consultation fees to a shell company operated by Yoo, but said these actions were company custom and had taken place before he became CEO.[258][259][260] Lee allegedly received orders to invest Ahae Corp money in the firm Ahae Press France, a company established to publish Yoo's photographs.[262] Lee was arrested on 23 May and charged for extracting more than {{SK won|1|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|1}} million) from Ahae Corp through an illegal lending scheme.[263][264]
  • Park Seung-il ({{Lang|ko|박승일}}; born {{Circa|1959}}), auditor of I-One-I Holdings and Yoo's close aid was indicted on 23 May on charges of embezzling {{SK won|12.6|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|12.4}} million) in company money.[334][265]
  • Byeon Ki-choon ({{Lang|ko|변기춘}}; born 1972), CEO of both Semo's shipbuilding unit Chonhaiji and of I-One-I Holdings, and Go Chang-hwan ({{Lang|ko|고창환}}; born {{Circa|1942}}), the CEO of Semo, were in early May suspected of causing tens of billions of won (tens of millions of dollars) in losses to their companies by paying large sums of company funds to purchase photographs by Yoo at excessively high prices and for consulting services from a paper company owned by Yoo's family.[256][260][266] They were on 28 May indicted on charges of inflicting a total of {{SK won|30.1|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|29.7}} million) worth of losses on their firms to help Yoo's family create slush funds.[267]
  • Kim Dong-hwan ({{Lang|ko|김동환}}; born {{Circa|1964}}), auditor of Dapanda and senior executive at I-One-I Holdings, was arrested in mid May, and indicted on embezzlement charges on 29 May.[340][268]
  • Oh Kyung-seok ({{Lang|ko|오경석}}; born {{Circa|1961}}), CEO of Hemato-Centric Life Institute and in charge of selling Yoo's photography works, was indicted on embezzlement charges on 31 May.[340][269]

The criminal trial of the eight defendants started at Incheon District Court on 16 June, the eight being accused of embezzlement, breach-of-duty and other instances of corruption, with prosecutors alleging that the defendants inflicted between {{SK won|3|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|2.94}} million) and {{SK won|21|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|20.58}} million) worth of losses on their firms to help Yoo's family create slush funds. Three of the defendants denied their charges, the others admitted to irregular intragroup trading, saying that they acted on the orders of Yoo's eldest son, Dae-kyun, and Yoo's close aide Kim Phil-bae, who both reportedly have fled to the United States. Next court meeting is on 9 July.[264][345][270][271][272][273]

Kwon Oh-kyun

Yoo's brother-in-law, Kwon Oh-kyun ({{Lang|ko|권오균}}; born {{Circa|1950}}), the younger brother to Yoo's wife, Kwon Yun-ja, was arrested at his home in southern Seoul on charges of negligence on 6 June. Kwon, a key leader of the Salvation Sect, is CEO of the construction firm Trigon Korea, a core affiliate of Chonghaejin Marine, and suspected of embezzling company funds to illicitly transfer to Yoo and Yoo's children.[350][274][275] On 8 June, a court warrant was issued to detain Kwon, inhibiting he fled the country or destroyed evidence.[276][277][278] Kwon became the first relative of Yoo to be indicted on 24 June. He is accused of funneling funds of nearly {{SK won|29|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|28,4}} million) into his business after taking out loans with assets of the Evangelical Baptist Church as collateral in 2010, according to prosecutors.[356][279]

Yoo Byung-il

Yoo's older brother, Yoo Byung-il ({{Lang|ko|유병일}}; born {{Circa|1939}}), was the first member of Yoo's family who, on 11 May, appeared for questioning. Byung-il was the managing director of the religious facility called Geumsuwon. Prosecutors said they believed that Byung-il had received consultation fees of {{SK won|2.5|link=no}} million (~{{US$|2,400}}) from Chonghaejin Marine each month, and that they had testimonies that he had illegally intervened in the company's management.[236][280] Byung-il was arrested one month later on 13 June, near Geumsuwon.[281][282][283] The prosecution team requested and was granted a pretrial detention warrant for Byung-il on 16 June.[284][285] On 2 July Byung-il was indicted on embezzlement charges suspected of having received a combined {{SK won|13|link=no}} million (~{{US$|129,000}}) from Chonghaejin Marine as consulting fees between June 2010 and April 2014.[286]

Shin Myung-hee

Shin Myung-hee ({{Lang|ko|신명희}}; born {{Circa|1950}}), a member of the Evangelical Baptist Church called "Mother Shin" by devotees of the sect, had been wanted by law enforcement authorities under suspicion of masterminding Yoo's escape, and on 13 June turned herself in to authorities in Suwon, Gyeonggi. Shin was detained and in July indicted on charges of playing a major role in helping Yoo evade capture.[286][287][288]

Oh Gabriel

An unnamed person acting for Yoo contacted the Embassy of France in Seoul in late May and asked about the possibility of Yoo seeking political asylum.[289] The embassy declined the request due to Yoo's status as a criminal suspect.[290][291][292][293] Local media outlets said Yoo's middleman also made asylum enquiries at the embassies of the Philippines, the Czech Republic, and Canada.[294][295]

Yoo's eldest brother-in-law, Oh Gabriel ({{Lang|ko|오갑렬}}; born {{Circa|1955}}), married to Yoo's younger sister, Yoo Gyeong-hee ({{Lang|ko|유경희}}; born {{Circa|1958}}), was arrested with his wife on 19 June, allegedly for aiding Yoo's escape.[296] The arrest came following testimony provided by two key adherents of the Evangelical Baptist Church that were arrested earlier in June, saying Oh drove Yoo out of the religious group's commune, Geumsuwon, on 23 April after police surrounded the compound.[297] Oh, who served as the Korean ambassador to the Czech Republic from January 2010 through June 2013,[289][294] reportedly played a significant role in garnering support for Yoo's photo exhibitions in France.[380] Oh is currently under review by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs's disciplinary committee for allegations that he abused his authority to help Yoo hold a photo exhibition in France and other European countries.[289] The Prosecution suspect that Oh contacted the French Embassy on behalf of Yoo.[298] When questioned, Oh testified that Yoo's family and followers funded and gave him information about the authorities' movements.[297][299] Oh and his wife were released on 26 June reportedly with the expressed willingness to actively cooperate with the investigation and mediate the surrender of Yoo,[300] and because under Korean criminal law family members to a fugitive cannot be punished for hiding or aiding the suspect.[301][302]

Kwon Yun-ja

Yoo's wife, Kwon Yun-ja ({{Lang|ko|권윤자}}; born {{Circa|1942}}), was put on the nation's most wanted list in June. She has been the CEO of a door-to-door sales company, Dalgubeol ({{Lang|ko|달구벌}}), in the southern city of Daegu.[303][304] Kwon was detained in an apartment in Bundang, Gyeonggi Province on 21 June and taken in for questioning on charges of embezzling funds from the Evangelical Baptist Church and her company, reportedly amounting to more than {{SK won|1|link=no}} billion ({{US$|979,850}}) that had been handed over to her husband and her son to expand their business.[305][306][307][308] In order to keep her in custody, the prosecution asked on 23 June the Incheon District Court to issue an arrest warrant,[309][310] which was granted on 24 June.[396] On 14 July prosecutors filed embezzlement charges against Kwon.[311]

Yoo Byung-ho

Yoo's younger brother, Yoo Byung-ho ({{Lang|ko|유병호}}; born {{Circa|1953}}), father-in-law of singer Park Jin-young, was arrested at his residence in Daegu on 22 June.[312][313] The Court issued a custody warrant on 24 June. Byung-ho is suspected of embezzlement, totaling at least {{SK won|1|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|1}} million), from Chonghaejin Marine's sister firms, and to have borrowed {{SK won|3|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|2.8}} million) from one of the family affiliates, and allegedly made members of the religious group pay back {{SK won|1.5|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|1.4}} million) on his behalf while the affiliate suffered losses of {{SK won|1.5|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|1.4}} million).[314][315][316][317]

Lee Seok-hwan

On 25 June Lee Seok-hwan ({{Lang|ko|이석환}}; born {{Circa|1949}}), considered Yoo's "right-hand man," was arrested in a parking lot in Suwon, south of Seoul, after avoiding a manhunt for weeks. An influential member of the Evangelical Baptist Church, Lee is suspected of helping Yoo avoid arrest. A court-issued warrant on Lee was sought on 27 June.[300][318][319][320]

Ongoing investigation

In mid June 2014, Chonhaiji Co. Ltd., a ship block maker controlled by Yoo's sons, and the major shareholder of Chonghaejin Marine Company with 39.4%, lodged its application for receivership at the Changwon District Court. Chonhaiji had {{SK won|34.8|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|34.19}} million) in outstanding debt to main creditor Korea Development Bank.[321][322]

On 27 June the Government of South Korea had calculated the costs in connection with the sinking of the ferry Sewol to {{SK won|403.1|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|397.8}} million), and lodged a claim to any properties held directly or by proxy by Yoo and Chonghaejin Marine at the Seoul Central District Court to cover compensation payments for the victims.[323][324][325] The Court on 4 July ordered the sequestration of assets owned by Yoo Byung-eun, four officials of Chonghaejin Marine, and eight crew members aboard Sewol.[326]

Yoo while on the run purchased around {{Convert|60,000|sqm}} of land near a property in South Jeolla Province where he sought refuge in May, according to prosecutors. He paid {{SK won|250|link=no}} million (~{{US$|247,000}}) and registered it under the names of the married couple, members of his religious group, who run a rest stop and restaurant near Suncheon and are suspected of aiding Yoo's escape from the law. The Incheon District Court on 2 July ordered in its third decision to temporarily seize assets the confiscation of an additional {{SK won|10.2|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|10}} million) worth of assets owned by Yoo and his family, including the newly acquired property as well as 10 stores in Gangnam District, Seoul, valued at {{SK won|8.5|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|8.4}} million), an apartment owned by Yoo's son Hyuk-kee valued at {{SK won|1.5|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|1.48}} million), and cameras confiscated from a restaurant run by his other son Dae-kyun valued at {{SK won|22|link=no}} million (~{{US$|21,700}}).[326][327][328][329][330]

Yoo Dae-kyun

Yoo's first son, Yoo Dae-kyun, was involved in the day-to-day operations of Chonghaejin Marine.[331] He was the biggest shareholder of four affiliates of the family businesses including the holding company of the operator of Sewol, I-One-I Holdings.[234] Prosecutors found evidence proving that Dae-kyun received monthly wages from affiliates that he did not own shares of.[236] He is suspected of collecting billions of won in "consulting fees" from the firms and creating a slush fund. Dae-gyun also registered the name "Ohamana" for a sister ferry of the Sewol.[332] Dae-gyun is wanted for a string of corruption charges and irregularities that are believed to have contributed to the sinking of the Sewol.[267]

Dae-kyun bought an airplane ticket to France and was reportedly spotted at Incheon International Airport on 19 April, but didn't board the plane.[294][331] He was supposed to appear for questioning at the Incheon District Prosecutors' Office, but failed to show up.[333] Prosecutors obtained an arrest warrant for Dae-kyun on 13 May, but investigators were unable to find him.[334] He was placed on the most-wanted list amid fears that he would flee the country.[216][217] The Court approved on 20 May a proposal by the Prosecution and the National Tax Service to place real estate assets worth {{SK won|20|link=no}} billion (~{{US$|19}} million) under confiscation. Among the properties was land in the Seocho District and Gangnam District of southern Seoul and two business offices in Gangnam-gu. All properties had been registered in the name of Yoo Dae-kyun.[219][206] On 22 May the Korean authorities labeled Yoo Byung-eun and Yoo Dae-kyun as fugitives,[335] and initially offered a {{SK won|50|link=no}} million (~{{US$|48,800}}) reward for Yoo and a {{SK won|30|link=no}} million (~{{US$|29,300}}) reward for Dae-kyun for information leading to their arrest.[198][47] On 25 May the rewards were raised to {{SK won|500|link=no}} million (~{{US$|488,000}}) for the older Yoo and to {{SK won|100|link=no}} million (~{{US$|97,600}}) for the son,[336] the largest amount ever offered by an investigative authority as a reward in South Korea.[337]

Yoo Hyuk-kee

Yoo's second son, Yoo Hyuk-kee, reportedly was involved in the day-to-day managing of Chonghaejin Marine.[204] Hyuk-kee, apart from his stake in I-One-I Holdings, owns some 10 percent stake in Ahae Corp., a paint manufacturing company, and a stake in Ahae Press Corp.[48] As CEO of Ahae Press Inc. in New York, Ahae Press France in Paris, and Ahae Press Ltd. UK in London, he has built up his fathers image as a talented photographer, and has curated his exhibitions.[109][103][129][338] Hyuk-kee had been summoned for questioning by 8 May, but ignored the summonses.[201][332][333] On 23 May an Interpol Red Notice was issued.[301] He is suspected of helping his father establish a slush fund through paper companies.[201][339]

Hyuk-kee, who is known outside Korea as Keith H. Yoo, is based in the U.S. and, according to sources, either has permanent residence status or holds a U.S. citizenship.[184] He left South Korea for the U.S. shortly after the sinking of the Sewol on 16 April,[340] and attempted to make his way to France but didn't get on his booked flight.[294] Hyuk-kee and his wife allegedly own at least three apartments on Manhattan and near the Arc de Triomphe in Paris estimated to be worth around {{US$|6.2}} million (~{{SK won|6.3|link=no}} billion) altogether. The prosecutors have asked the United States Department of Homeland Security's Investigations Directorate to track down real estate and deposits under the names of the siblings or affiliates of the family business.[237][341]

Personal life

Yoo was known, due to his reclusiveness, as "the millionaire with no face."[4][342] He married Kwon Yun-ja ({{Korean|hangul=권윤자|hanja=|rr=Gwo Nyun-ja}}; born {{Circa|1942}}), the daughter of Kwon Shin-chan, in 1966.[343] He had four children with her:[344][345] daughter Yoo Som-na ({{Korean|hangul=유섬나|hanja=|rr=Yu Seom-na}}; born 1966), also known as Ennette Yoo,[346] daughter Yoo Sang-na ({{Korean|hangul=유상나|hanja=|rr=Yu Sang-na}}; born {{Circa|1968}}),[347][348] son Yoo Dae-kyun ({{Korean|hangul=유대균|hanja=|rr=Yu Dae-gyun}}; born {{circa|1970}}), and second son Yoo Hyuk-kee ({{Korean|hangul=유혁기|hanja=|rr=Yu hyuk-ki}}; born 1972), also known as Keith H. Yoo.[129][349]

Reported death

South Korean authorities initially offered a {{SK won|50|link=yes}} million (~{{US$|48,800}}) reward for information leading to the arrest of Yoo.[198][47] On 25 May the reward was raised tenfold to {{SK won|500|link=no}} million (~{{US$|488,000}}).[220][221] South Korean police reported in July 2014 that a body found in June in a field about {{convert|185|mi}} south of Seoul is believed to be Yoo's. The body was wearing a winter sweater and was "seriously decomposed." Preliminary DNA analysis indicates a "fair match".[5] The death was later confirmed.[350]

Bibliography

  • {{cite book |first=Byung-eun |last=Yoo |title=God so Loved I |year=2004 |url=http://god.com/books/god1.pdf |deadurl=yes |location=New York |publisher=Evangelical Media Group |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327044913/http://god.com/books/god1.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2014}}
  • {{cite book |first=Byung-eun |last=Yoo |title=God so Loved II |year=2004 |url=http://god.com/books/god2.pdf |deadurl=yes |location=New York |publisher=Evangelical Media Group |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327040359/http://god.com/books/god2.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2014}}
  • {{cite book |first=Byung-eun |last=Yoo |title=The Anchor of the Soul |year=2004 |url=http://god.com/books/anchor.pdf |deadurl=yes |location=New York |publisher=Evangelical Media Group |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140327035756/http://god.com/books/anchor.pdf |archivedate=27 March 2014}}
  • {{cite book |first=B. E. |last=Yoo |title=While Reading Through John's Gospel 1 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QB5ZPAAACAAJ |date=1 August 2008 |publisher=Evangelical Media Group |isbn=978-1-60668-007-0}}
  • {{cite book |first=B. E. |last=Yoo |title=While Reading Through John's Gospel 2 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ddnlPAAACAAJ |date=1 August 2008 |publisher=Evangelical Media Group |isbn=978-1-60668-008-7}}
  • {{cite book |author1=Ahae |author2=Milan Knížák |author3=Keith H. Yoo |title=Through My Window: Photography by Ahae |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=l2c1twAACAAJ |year=2011 |publisher=Ahae Press, Incorporated |isbn=978-0-9833658-7-7 |authorlink2=Milan Knížák}}
  • {{cite book |author=Ahae |title=De ma fenêtre: Jardin des Tuileries — musée du Louvre |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=myaBMAEACAAJ |date=28 June 2012 |publisher=Editions Assouline |language=French |isbn=978-2-7594-0602-9}}
  • {{cite book |author1=Ahae |author2=Milan Knížák |author3=Iosif Bakštejn |title=So Simple, So Beautiful, So Perfect: Book on Ahae |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=qBW1mwEACAAJ |year=2012 |publisher=KANT |isbn=978-80-7437-077-9}}[93]
  • {{cite book |author=Ahae |title=Ahae, château de Versailles: Fenêtre sur l'extraordinaire |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=2AXQnQEACAAJ |date=11 July 2013 |publisher=Editions Assouline |isbn=978-2-7594-0637-1}}
{{Portal bar|Biography|Christianity|Photography|South Korea}}

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11. ^{{cite news|last1=Park |first1=Sang-hyun |last2=Yeara |first2=Ahn-park |url=http://www.kukmindaily.co.kr/article/view.asp?page=&gCode=7111&arcid=0008292344&code=71111101 |work=The Kukmin Daily |title=It is not true that the Sewol's captain is unrelated to the Salvation Sect |date=3 May 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140513081817/http://www.kukmindaily.co.kr/article/view.asp?page=&gCode=7111&arcid=0008292344&code=71111101 |archivedate=13 May 2014 |df= }}
12. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Park |first=Ju-min |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/05/21/us-southkorea-ferry-idUSBREA4K03M20140521 |title=South Korean sect submits to search for founder linked to doomed ferry |agency=Reuters |date=21 May 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014}}
13. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.hdjongkyo.co.kr/html/sup01_1.html?Hid=8&Hpopage=1&Hponowblock=1&Hponumperpage=&Hpogroups=&Hposelect=&Hposearch |script-title=ko:현대종교 |publisher=Hdjongkyo.co.kr |language=Korean |accessdate=23 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140523225916/http://www.hdjongkyo.co.kr/html/sup01_1.html?Hid=8&Hpopage=1&Hponowblock=1&Hponumperpage=&Hpogroups=&Hposelect=&Hposearch |archivedate=23 May 2014 |df= }}
14. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Kang |first=Hyun-kyung |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/04/113_156136.html |title='Salvation sect' suspected of backing Yoo's business |work=The Korea Times |date=26 April 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014}}
15. ^{{cite web |first=Eline |last=Gordts |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/04/23/south-korea-ferry-owner-home-raided_n_5196923.html |title=Prosecutors Raid Home of South Korean Ferry Owner |work=Huffington Post |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
16. ^{{cite news |url=http://media.daum.net/breakingnews/newsview?newsid=19910725165600109 |title=삼우(三友)트레이딩 이사 7명으로 출범 | Daum 미디어다음 |language=Korean |publisher=Media.daum.net |agency=Yonhap |date=25 July 1991 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
17. ^{{cite news |author=이서현 |url=http://news.donga.com/3/all/20140424/63001650/1 |script-title=ko:세모 부도뒤 수천억대 그룹 재건... 권력비호-비리 정조준 : 뉴스 : 동아닷컴 |work=The Dong-a Ilbo |language=Korean |date=24 April 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
18. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/society/2014/04/24/0701000000AKR20140424138400004.HTML |script-title=ko:<세월호참사> 유병언, 구원파 신도 자금으로 사업 시작 | 연합뉴스 |publisher=Yonhapnews.co.kr |agency=Yonhap |language=Korean |date=24 April 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.semo.co.kr/eng/intro/history.php?PageNum=1&Pm=2&SubNum=2&Sm=1 |title=Welcome to Semo! |publisher=Semo.co.kr |accessdate=22 June 2014}}
20. ^{{cite book |title=Korean Trade Directory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=i5C2AAAAIAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=Korean Traders Association |page=1227}}
21. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.kr/2014/04/22/story_n_5195608.html |script-title=ko:세월호 침몰, 유병언 계열사 임원 상당수 '구원파' |publisher=Huffingtonpost.kr |language=Korean |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
22. ^{{cite book |author1=J Carr |author2=S. M. A. Barrow |author3=Whiteside R |title=Major Companies of the Far East |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M8UdAQAAMAAJ |year=1989 |publisher=Graham & Trotman |page=362}}
23. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.worldbulletin.net/todays-news/137517/skorea-ferry-disaster-suspects-daughter-arrested-in-paris |title=SKorea ferry disaster suspect's daughter arrested in Paris |agency=Worldbulletin News |publisher=Worldbulletin.net |date=28 May 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
24. ^1 {{cite news |last=Hyung |first=Jin-kim |url=http://news.nationalpost.com/2014/05/26/south-korea-offers-500000-reward-for-tips-about-missing-billionaire-sewol-ferry-owner-yoo-byung-eun/ |title=South Korea offers $500,000 reward for tips about missing billionaire Sewol ferry owner Yoo Byung-eun |work=National Post |agency=Associated Press |date=26 May 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
25. ^{{cite book |title=Major Companies of the Far East 1989-1990: East Asia |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HUkUAQAAMAAJ |date=1 August 1989 |publisher=Graham & Trotman |page=389}}
26. ^{{cite book |author1=Liang Yun |author2=Alan Bliault |title=Theory & Design of Air Cushion Craft |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=aJT0gK710LwC&pg=PA40 |date=26 May 2000 |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |isbn=978-0-08-051906-7 |pages=40–}}
27. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Kim |first=Miyoung |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/04/22/uk-korea-ship-company-idUKBREA3L0TS20140422 |title=Company that owned ill-fated South Korea ferry has chequered past |agency=Reuters |date=22 April 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
28. ^1 {{cite news|last=Kim |first=Jung-yoon |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2988141 |title=Offices of Sewol owner searched |work=Korea JoongAng Daily |date=19 April 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140419013719/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2988141 |archivedate=19 April 2014 |df= }}
29. ^{{cite book |title=Asia Magazine |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=vmQiAQAAMAAJ |volume=28 |date=January 1990 |publisher=Asia Magazines, Ltd. |page=221 |quote=Then, rolling through the middle of the city is that metallic blue, heaving cummerbund around its waist, the Han River. ... Some, like Semo Cruises, start at the main Olympic stadium, where, in the soft whisper of the winter wind amid an empty ...}}
30. ^{{cite news|author= |url=http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1987/33-Bodies-Found-In-Attic-After-Apparent-Murder-Suicide-Pact/id-ad93eedacb89524018ecbec4a1cf9f5c |title=33 Bodies Found in Attic After Apparent Murder-Suicide Pact |publisher=Apnewsarchive.com |date=29 August 1987 |accessdate=23 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521041635/http://www.apnewsarchive.com/1987/33-Bodies-Found-In-Attic-After-Apparent-Murder-Suicide-Pact/id-ad93eedacb89524018ecbec4a1cf9f5c |archivedate=21 May 2014 |df= }}
31. ^{{cite book |title=Asiaweek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=D_wMAQAAMAAJ |date=September 1987 |publisher=Asiaweek Limited |quote=...when thirteen employees of Park's Odaeyang Trading Co. were arrested for assaulting three creditors who demanded repayment of more than $600,000. When police brought Park in for questioning about $13.7 million in unpaid loans, she fell ill and was taken to hospital.}}
32. ^{{cite news |last=Foster-Carter |first=Aidan |work=Asia Times |url=http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/KOR-01-220514.html |title=The many masks of Yoo Byung-eun |date=22 May 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014}}
33. ^{{cite news |author=Per Liljas |url=http://time.com/74967/south-korea-ferry-sewol-chonghaejin-investigation/ |title=Korean Ferry Disaster: Millionaire ‘Sewol’ Owner Yoo Byung-eun Probed |work=Time |date=24 April 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
34. ^{{cite news |agency=Associated Press |url=https://www.nytimes.com/1987/08/30/world/32-people-found-dead-in-south-korean-plant.html |title=32 People Found Dead in South Korean Plant – New York Times |location=South Korea; Yongin (South Korea) |work=The New York Times |date=30 August 1987 |accessdate=23 May 2014}}
35. ^{{cite book |title=Korea Annual |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dCYIAAAAIAAJ |year=1988 |publisher=Hapdong News Agency |page=53 |quote=The body of Park Sun-ja, head of Odaeyang Trading Co. and 32 other bodies were found by her husband, Lee Ki-jong, 53, on the ceiling ... brainwashed by the self-imposed woman cult leader, were persuaded to commit suicide by voluntarily taking toxicant before she took her own life.}}
36. ^{{cite news|last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140521001559 |title=Ferry owner's hideout raided |work=The Korea Herald |date=21 May 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621094236/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140521001559 |archivedate=21 June 2014 |df= }}
37. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2014/04/24/15/0200000000AEN20140424005500315F.html |title=Prosecution looks into cult in ferry accident probe |agency=Yonhap |date=24 April 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524003835/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2014/04/24/15/0200000000AEN20140424005500315F.html |archivedate=24 May 2014 |df= }}
38. ^{{cite news |last=Jun |first=Kwanwoo |title=Patriarch of Family That Controls Ferry Operator Ends Silence |url=https://online.wsj.com/news/articles/SB10001424052702304393704579529423901586230 |accessdate=19 May 2014 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |date=28 April 2014}}
39. ^{{cite news|title=Authorities search ferry owner's offices as probe widens in South Korea |url=http://kwgn.com/2014/04/23/authorities-search-ferry-owners-offices-as-probe-widens-in-south-korea/ |accessdate=19 May 2014 |publisher=KWGN-TV |date=23 April 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140519093422/http://kwgn.com/2014/04/23/authorities-search-ferry-owners-offices-as-probe-widens-in-south-korea/ |archivedate=19 May 2014 |df= }}
40. ^{{cite news|script-title=ko:오대양사건, 유병언 세모 회장과 어떤 관계?...檢 유병언 일가 집중 수사 |url=http://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20140424500079 |accessdate=20 May 2014 |newspaper=Seoul News |date=24 April 2014 |language=Korean |trans-title=The Odaeyang Incident, What does it have to do with Yoo, the former president of Semo Co.? ... The Prosecutors are investigating |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140520220430/http://www.seoul.co.kr/news/newsView.php?id=20140424500079 |archivedate=20 May 2014 |df= }}
41. ^{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Da-ye |title=Yoo family gets away |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/05/116_157651.html |accessdate=21 May 2014 |work=The Korea Times |date=21 May 2014}}
42. ^{{cite news |author=한예지 |url=http://tvdaily.asiae.co.kr/read.php3?aid=1397809210686698016 |script-title=ko:오대양 사건 뭐길래? 청해진해운 최대 주주 유병언 전 회장 두 아들 '눈길' |publisher=TV Daily |date=18 April 2014 |language=Korean |accessdate=26 June 2014}}
43. ^{{cite news |author=임주영 |url=http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/society/2014/06/03/0702000000AKR20140603082500004.HTML |script-title=ko:쫓고 쫓기는 검찰과 유병언...20년 전과 유사 |publisher=Yonhap News |date=3 June 2014 |language=Korean |accessdate=26 June 2014}}
44. ^{{cite news |last=Ko |first=Dong-hwan |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/04/511_156055.html |title=Infidel Sewol captain and sailors devout Guwon faithfuls |work=The Korea Times |date=24 April 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014}}
45. ^{{cite book |title=Korea Newsreview |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=O3O6AAAAIAAJ |series=27-52 |volume=20 |year=1991 |publisher=Korea Herald, Incorporated |page=9 |quote=The prosecution, investigating the mysterious mass deaths of Odaeyang cult followers, is seeking a former female secretary of Semo Co. President Yoo Byung-eun, hoping she could give clues ... The prosecution alleged that Song served as a medium in the transfer of Odaeyang money to Semo Co. ... Park said he had obtained evidence that Yoo, known as de facto leader of Kuwonpa or Salvation sect, was involved in the incident, and that Kuwonpa staffers had financial transactions with Odaeyang president Park Sun-ja and other officials ...}}
46. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.sisapress.com/news/quickViewArticleView.html?idxno=31705 |title=시사저널 |publisher=Sisapress.com |date=8 August 1991 |accessdate=25 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120517093217/http://www.sisapress.com/news/quickViewArticleView.html?idxno=31705 |archivedate=17 May 2012 |df= }}
47. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite news|url=http://bigstory.ap.org/article/reward-offered-manhunt-missing-ferry-owner|title=Reward Offered for Missing South Korea Ferry Owner|last=Kim|first=Hyng-jin|date=23 May 2014|work=Associated Press|accessdate=23 May 2014|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140606221644/http://bigstory.ap.org/article/reward-offered-manhunt-missing-ferry-owner|archivedate=6 June 2014|deadurl=yes|df=}}
48. ^1 {{cite news|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/business/2014/04/25/38/0503000000AEN20140425002600320F.html |title=Watchdog widens probe in all affiliates of Sewol operator |agency=Yonhap |date=25 April 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140524004331/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/business/2014/04/25/38/0503000000AEN20140425002600320F.html |archivedate=24 May 2014 |df= }}
49. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.businesskorea.co.kr/article/4253/sunken-ferry-owner%E2%80%99s-malpractice-chonghaejin-marine-company-under-suspicion-offshore |title=Sunken Ferry Owner's Malpractice: Chonghaejin Marine Company under Suspicion of Offshore Tax Evasion |publisher=BusinessKorea |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014}}
50. ^{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Mi-young |last2=Jin |first2=Hyun-joo |url=http://uk.reuters.com/article/2014/04/22/uk-korea-ship-company-idUKBREA3L0TS20140422 |title=Company that owned ill-fated South Korea ferry has chequered past |agency=Reuters |date=22 April 2014 |accessdate=26 May 2014}}
51. ^{{cite book |title=Asiaweek |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=BxtBAQAAIAAJ |series=27-51 |volume=17 |year=1991 |publisher=Asiaweek Limited |quote=ARRESTED: Yoo Byung Eun, 50, leader of a South Korean religious sect and president of Semo, a trading company; on fraud charges; in Taejon Aug. 1. Known as "Jesus" to members of the Evangelical Baptist Church, also called the Kuwonpa (Salvation) sect, Yoo is accused of swindling $1.5 million from 34 people between 1982 and 1986. Last month ten sect members confessed they had killed three colleagues whom police had wanted in connection with the deaths of 32 people.}}
52. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last=Seo |first=Ji-eun |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2989684 |title=Sects, money and tragedy have history in Korea |work=Korea JoongAng Daily |date=26 May 2014 |accessdate=27 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140527212341/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2989684 |archivedate=27 May 2014 |df= }}
53. ^{{cite news |url=http://news1.kr/articles/?1936095 |title=구원파 및 유병언 회장 관련 정정 및 반론보도 |work=News1 Korea |date=3 November 2014 |accessdate=10 November 2014}}
54. ^{{cite news |url=http://sports.donga.com/3/all/20141030/67547224/1 |title=[정정보도문] 구원파 및 유병언 회장, 오대양 사건과 무관 |work=Sports dongA |date=30 October 2014 |accessdate=10 November 2014}}
55. ^{{cite book |title=Korean Business Directory |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hpC2AAAAIAAJ |year=1990 |publisher=Chamber of Commerce of Korea |page=556}}
56. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2014041913388 |title=Leave no stones unturned in investigating ferry sinking incident |work=The Dong-a Ilbo |date=19 April 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
57. ^{{cite book |title=The Dock and Harbour Authority |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=S_NVAAAAMAAJ |volume=75 |year=1994 |publisher=Foxlow Publications, Limited |page=88 |quote=This ferry, constructed by Semo Co Ltd at a new facility near Kosung, was put into service by Semo's ferry's division on a route between Inchon and off-lying islands. This division operates a fleet of 30 ferries, of which many are hydrofoils.}}
58. ^{{cite book |title=Fast Ferry International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=9JlWAAAAMAAJ |volume=32 |year=1993 |publisher=High-Speed Surface Craft Limited |page=13 |quote=Semo launches surface effect ship A 38m surface effect ship built in Korea by Semo Co. ... and its ferry division fleet of almost 30 vessels includes eight fast ferries, eight cruise boats and seven wharf/floating restaurants on Seoul's Han River.}}
59. ^{{cite book |title=Asian Shipping |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=KbK1AAAAIAAJ |volume=169-180 |year=1993 |publisher=Asia Trade Journals Limited |page=106 |quote=Semo is a diversified group with a ferry division which owns and operates a fleet of 30 vessels, including SESs, hydrofoils, ferries, cruise boats and floating restaurants, on Seoul's Han River. Its shipbuilding division has been building specialist ...}}
60. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last=Lee |first=Ji-yoon |title=Scandalous owner family of Sewol |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140423001075 |work=The Korea Herald |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=28 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140621173825/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140423001075 |archivedate=21 June 2014 |df= }}
61. ^{{cite book |title=Fast Ferry International |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OeJWAAAAMAAJ |volume=43 |year=2004 |publisher=High-Speed Surface Craft Limited}}
62. ^{{cite book |author1=William H. McAnally |author2=Ashish J. Mehta |title=Coastal and Estuarine Fine Sediment Processes |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=K88_efhKRWMC&pg=PA294 |date=January 2001 |publisher=Gulf Professional Publishing |isbn=978-0-444-50463-0 |pages=294–}}
63. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2014051223018 |title=Find all political, government leaders protecting Yoo Byeong-eon |work=The Dong-a Ilbo |date=12 May 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
64. ^1 2 {{cite news |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2014/04/488_155884.html |title=Chonghaejin Marine's 'real' owner hunted |work=The Korea Times |date=22 April 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
65. ^1 2 {{cite web |last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140422001171 |title=Travel ban slapped on ferry firm owner |work=The Korea Herald |date=24 April 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
66. ^{{cite web |author= |url=http://www.sudouest.fr/2012/05/22/vendu-a-un-artiste-721591-1980.php |title=Courbefy : le village fantôme vendu à un artiste |trans-title=Courbefy: the ghost town sold to an artist |work=Sud-Ouest |publisher=Sudouest.fr |language=French |date=22 May 2012 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
67. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.leparisien.fr/bordeaux-33000/le-hameau-de-courbefy-haute-vienne-adjuge-520-000-euros-a-l-artiste-ahae-21-05-2012-2009843.php |title=Le hameau de Courbefy (Haute-Vienne) adjugé 520.000 euros à l'artiste Ahae |trans-title=The hamlet of Courbefy (Haute-Vienne) awarded 520,000 euros to the artist Ahae |work=Le Parisien |agency=Agence France-Presse |language=French |date=21 May 2012 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
68. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/societe/courbefy-un-hameau-abandonne-vendu-520-000-euros-a-un-artiste-sud-coreen-ahae_1116956.html |title=Courbefy: un hameau abandonné vendu 520 000 euros à un artiste sud-coréen, Ahae |trans-title=Courbefy: an abandoned hamlet sold for € 520000 to a South Korean artist, Ahae |work=L'Express |language=French |date=21 May 2012 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
69. ^{{cite news |first=Franck |last=Lagier |url=http://www.lamontagne.fr/limousin/actualite/2012/05/21/des-americains-achetent-courbefy_1173230.html |title=Des Américains achètent Courbefy |language=French |work=La Montagne |publisher=lamontagne.fr |date=21 May 2012 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
70. ^{{cite news |last=Bouchez |first=Yann |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/societe/article/2012/05/21/le-hameau-de-courbefy-vendu-pour-520-000-euros_1704982_3224.html |title=Le hameau de Courbefy vendu pour 520 000 euros |trans-title=The hamlet of Courbefy sold for 520,000 euros |language=French |work=Le Monde |date=21 May 2012 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
71. ^{{cite news |last=de Mallevoüe |first=Delphine |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/actualite-france/2012/07/23/01016-20120723ARTFIG00282-un-projet-grandiose-pour-le-hameau-vendu-aux-encheres.php |title=Un projet "grandiose" pour le hameau vendu aux enchères |trans-title=A "grandiose" project for the sold hamlet |language=French |work=Le Figaro |date=23 July 2012 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
72. ^{{cite web |last=Meltzer |first=Steve |url=http://www.imaging-resource.com/news/2012/05/23/american-landscape-photographer-buys-an-entire-french-villagecheap |title=American Landscape Photographer Buys An Entire French Village...Cheap |publisher=Imaging-resource.com |date=23 May 2012 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
73. ^{{cite news |first=Violaine |last=Morin |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/culture/2014/06/19/03004-20140619ARTFIG00134-yoo-byung-eun-dit-ahae-l-escroc-qui-aimait-la-france.php |title=Yoo Byung-eun dit Ahae, un bien encombrant mécène |trans-title=Yoo Byung-eun aka Ahae, a wealthy patron |language=French |work=Le Figaro |date=19 June 2014 |accessdate=20 June 2014}}
74. ^{{cite news |last=Lee |first=Hyo-sik |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/06/116_159238.html |title=Yoo affects French town's fate |work=The Korea Times |date=16 June 2014 |accessdate=20 June 2014}}
75. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.123farm.com/ |title=123 Farm |publisher=123 Farm |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
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89. ^{{cite news |last=Harris |first=Garreth |url=http://www.theartnewspaper.com/articles/Artist-linked-to-Korean-ferry-disaster-/32722 |title=Artist linked to Korean ferry disaster |work=The Art Newspaper |date=22 May 2014 |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
90. ^{{cite news |author=고미석 |url=http://news.donga.com/Main/3/all/20140424/63001699/1 |title="사진작가 아해? 처음 듣는 인물" : 뉴스 : 동아닷컴 |work=The Dong-a Ilbo |date=24 April 2014 |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
91. ^{{cite news |author=김지훈 |url=http://news.mt.co.kr/mtview.php?no=2014052114374837454 |script-title=ko:유병언 사진전 개최한 파리의 아해프레스 가봤더니... |work=Money Today |publisher=News.mt.co.kr |language=Korean |date=23 May 2014 |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
92. ^1 {{cite news |first=Magali |last=Lesauvage |url=http://www.exponaute.com/magazine/2014/06/10/mecene-artiste-gourou-ennemi-public-limprobable-affaire-ahae/ |title=Mécène-artiste, gourou, ennemi public : l'improbable affaire Ahae |trans-title=Patron-artist, guru, public enemy: the improbable Ahae case |language=French |publisher=Exponaute.com |date=10 June 2014 |accessdate=16 June 2014}}
93. ^1 {{cite book |last=Knížák |first=Milan |date=2012 |title=Book on Ahae |url=http://www.kant-books.cz/en/books/book-on-ahae-so-simple-so-beautiful-so-perfect/ |location= |publisher=KANT – Karel Kerlicky |page=295 |isbn=978-80-7437-077-9}}
94. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Kim |first=Connie |url=http://www.arirang.co.kr/news/News_View.asp?nseq=162546 |title=Speculation about Sewol-ho ferry owner's whereabouts rises again |publisher=Arirang News |date=19 May 2014 |accessdate=27 May 2014}}
95. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hcli.com/events/ |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131023055542/http://www.hcli.com/events/ |deadurl=yes |archivedate=23 October 2013 |title=Events |publisher=Hemato-Centric Life Institute |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
96. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.hsresort.com/exhibition.php |title=Highland Springs Resort – Exhibition |publisher=Hsresort.com |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
97. ^{{cite web |url=http://duggalconnect.com/through-my-window-photographs-by-ahae/ |title=Through My Window, Photographs by Ahae |publisher=Duggal Connect |date=22 April 2011 |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
98. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.grandcentralpartnership.org/news/nature-photography-exhibit-opens-in-vanderbilt-hall-today |title=Nature Photography Exhibit Opens in Vanderbilt Hall Today |publisher=Grand Central Partnership |date=29 April 2011 |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
99. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.pdnonline.com/photoserve/Ahae-Exhibition-Pro-2466.shtml |title=Ahae Exhibition Produced by Duggal at Grand Central Terminal |publisher=Pdnonline.com |date=18 April 2011 |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
100. ^{{cite web |last=Furlan |first=Julia |url=http://www.wnyc.org/story/164739-new-ahae-photo-exhibit-opens-grand-central-station/ |title=New Photo Exhibit by Ahae Opens in Grand Central Station |publisher=WNYC |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
101. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cassone-art.com/art-news/2011/10/through-my-window-solo-exhibition-of-photographs-by-ahae/ |title=Through My Window Solo Exhibition of Photographs by Ahae :: October 2011 :: Art news :: Cassone |publisher=Cassone-art.com |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
102. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.wwd.com/fashion-news/fashion-scoops/birds-eye-view-5289763 |title=Artist Ahae Gives Bird's-eye View – Fashion Scoops – Fashion |work=Women's Wear Daily |date=13 October 2011 |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
103. ^1 2 {{cite web |last=Milner |first=Catherine |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/8f3fbd26-e25e-11e2-a7fa-00144feabdc0.html |title=The Extraordinary within the Ordinary, Versailles – review |work=Financial Times |date=2 July 2013 |accessdate=1 June 2014}}
104. ^{{cite web |url=http://en.artmediaagency.com/69248/a-window-on-the-extraordinary-at-versailles/ |title=A window on the extraordinary at Versailles | Art Media Agency |publisher=En.artmediaagency.com |accessdate=1 June 2014}}
105. ^{{cite web |last=Gosling |first=Emily |url=http://www.designweek.co.uk/news/the-partners-creates-identity-for-louvre-exhibition/3034806.article |title=The Partners creates identity for Louvre exhibition |publisher=Design Week |date=27 June 2012 |accessdate=1 June 2014}}
106. ^{{cite news |url=http://praguemonitor.com/2011/07/15/national-gallery-displays-korean-ahaes-photographs-european-premiere |title=National Gallery displays Korean Ahae's photographs in European premiere |agency=Czech News Agency |publisher=Prague Monitor |date=15 July 2011 |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
107. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.thinkeatdrink.co.uk/case-studies/ahae-press-exhibition-lancaster-house |title=Ahae Press Exhibition, Lancaster House – Event |publisher=Thinkeatdrink.co.uk |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
108. ^{{cite news |last=Rogers |first=Mimi Fronczak |url=http://www.praguepost.cz/night-and-day/galleries/9761-ahae:-through-my-window.html |title=Ahae: Through My Window — Galleries — Night & Day |work=The Prague Post |publisher=Praguepost.cz |date=10 August 2011 |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
109. ^1 2 {{cite web |last=Jackson-Stevens |first=Anna |url=http://4th.moscowbiennale.ru/en/program/special_projects/through_mw.html |title=The Fourth Moscow Biennale of Contemporary Art |publisher=4th.moscowbiennale.ru |accessdate=1 June 2014}}
110. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.themoscowtimes.com/multimedia/video/ahae-exhibit/444726.html |title=Ahae Exhibit | Multimedia |work=The Moscow Times |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
111. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.artribune.com/dettaglio/?type=event&id=5673 |title=Ahae – Through my window |publisher=Artribune |language=Italian |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
112. ^{{cite web |last=Mariotti |first=Roberto |url=http://www.artearti.net/magazine/articolo/through-my-window-al-mnaf |title=Arte e Arti – articolo – Through my window al MNAF |publisher=Artearti.net |language=Italian |date=11 December 2011 |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
113. ^{{cite web |publisher=Exibart.com |url=http://www.exibart.com/notizia.asp?IDCategoria=204&IDNotizia=37069 |title=Ai Magazzini del Sale di Venezia arriva il fotografo Ahae, terza tappa di un tour di due anni. E un milione e mezzo di fotografie |trans-title=The photographer Ahae is coming to Venice's Magazzini del Sale, third leg of a two-year tour. And one-and-a-half million of photos |language=Italian |date=21 March 2012 |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
114. ^{{cite news |url=http://thechronicleherald.ca/world/1214632-south-korea-s-most-wanted-man |title=South Korea's most wanted man |work=The Chronicle Herald |publisher=Thechronicleherald.ca |date=14 June 2014 |accessdate=15 June 2014}}
115. ^{{cite web |last=Hasquenoph |first=Bernard |url=http://www.louvrepourtous.fr/Affaire-Ahae-Le-Monde-pille-le,777.html |title=Affaire Ahae : je ne suis pas un fantôme, même si Le Monde m'oublie |trans-title=The Ahae Case: I'm no phantom, although Le Monde forgets me |publisher=louvrepourtous.fr |date=10 June 2014 |accessdate=15 June 2014 |language=French}}
116. ^1 2 {{cite web |author=La Communauté alternative des Coréens à Paris [The community of Koreans living in Paris] |url=http://pariscopain.fr/archives/905 |title=공개편지 – 프랑스 문화부장관, 전 루브르박물관 관장, 베르사이유궁 대표에게 |trans-title=Open letter [to] The French Culture Minister, former director of The Louvre, Versailles Palace representative |publisher=Pariscopain.fr |language=French, Korean |date=12 June 2014 |accessdate=15 June 2014}}
117. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nyit.edu/about_nyit/news/exhibition_designed_by_nyit_professor_prepares_for_2013_tour |last=Sumer |first=Rose |title=Exhibition Designed by NYIT Professor Prepares for 2013 Tour | NYIT |publisher=Nyit.edu |date=14 November 2012 |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
118. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.lepoint.fr/insolite/le-hameau-de-courbefy-adjuge-520-000-euros-a-l-artiste-ahae-21-05-2012-1463724_48.php |title=Le hameau de Courbefy adjugé 520 000 euros à l'artiste Ahae |work=Le Point |language=French |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=21 May 2012 |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
119. ^{{cite web |last=McCarthy |first=Michael |url=http://www.ateliervagabond.com/blog/2012/10/08/ahae-photo-exhibit-in-paris |title=Ahae Photo Exhibit in Paris |publisher=ateliervagabond.com |date=8 October 2012 |accessdate=22 May 2014}}
120. ^{{cite book |author=Ian Sapiro |title=Ilan Eshkeri's Stardust: A Film Score Guide |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=dVfyAAAAQBAJ&pg=PA131 |date=16 July 2013 |publisher=Scarecrow Press |isbn=978-0-8108-9166-1 |pages=14–}}
121. ^{{cite web |url=http://ilaneshkeri.com/works/Ahae.asp |title=Through My Window: A Tone Poem in Twelve Parts |publisher=Ilaneshkeri.com |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
122. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.lmo.co.uk/lmo-record-a-symphonic-suite-with-ilan-eshkeri/ |title=record a symphonic suite with Ilan Eshkeri. |publisher=LMO |date=9 July 2012 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
123. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ahaeproducts.com/shop-by-product-type/media/ahae-blu-ray-disc.html |title=Ahae Through My Window (Blu-ray) |publisher=Ahaeproducts.com |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
124. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.musicroom.com/se/id_no/01063210/details.html |title=Michael Nyman: Through The Only Window — String Quartet & Piano (Score/Parts) - String Quartet/Piano Chamber Score and Parts — Sheet Music & Songbooks |publisher=Musicroom.com |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
125. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.musicsales.com/Catalogue/product.aspx/en-GB/1063210/MichaelNymanThroughTheOnlyWindowStringQuartetPianoScoreParts |title=Music Sales Group – The Music Sales Catalogue |publisher=Musicsales.com |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
126. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ahaeproducts.com/shop-by-product-type/media/michael-nyman-through-the-only-window-cd.html |title=Michael Nyman Through The Only Window (Music CD) - by Ahae Products |publisher=Ahaeproducts.com |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
127. ^1 {{cite news |last=Mathieu |first=Beatrice |url=http://lexpansion.lexpress.fr/actualite-economique/ahae-artiste-gangster-et-mecene-du-louvre_1550106.html |title=Ahae, artiste, gangster... et mécène du Louvre |trans-title=Ahae, artist, gangster ... and patron of the Louvre |language=French |work=L'Express |date=10 June 2014 |accessdate=16 June 2014}}
128. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://www.louvrepourtous.fr/Ahae-a-Versailles-le-privilege-de,763.html |title=Ahae à Versailles, le privilège de l'argent |trans-title=Ahae at Versailles – the privilege of money |last=Hasquenoph |first=Bernard |publisher=louvrepourtous.fr |language=French |date=29 August 2013 |accessdate=22 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131017023649/http://www.louvrepourtous.fr/Ahae-a-Versailles-le-privilege-de%2C763.html |archivedate=17 October 2013 |df= }}
129. ^1 2 {{cite web |last=Kim |first=Da-ye |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/05/116_157776.html |title=Yoo family has interacted with famous people |work=The Korea Times |date=23 May 2012 |accessdate=23 May 2014}}
130. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/medias/medias_fichiers/fichiers/pdf/louvre-rapport-activite-fonds-dotation.pdf |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140420030244/http://www.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/medias/medias_fichiers/fichiers/pdf/louvre-rapport-activite-fonds-dotation.pdf |deadurl=yes |archivedate=20 April 2014 |title=Rapport d'Activité du Fonds de Dotation du Louvre pour 2012 |trans-title=Activity Report of the Endowment Fund of the Louvre 2012 |publisher=The Louvre |language=French |accessdate=3 June 2014 |quote=Mécène: Un entrepreneur et artiste coréen AHAE; Montant: 1.1 million d'euros; Affectation: Sans affectation particulière [Patron: A Korean entrepreneur and artist AHAE; Amount: 1.1 million euros; Assignment: No specific allocation] |df=dmy-all }}
131. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/medias/medias_fichiers/fichiers/pdf/louvre-photographies-ahae.pdf |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605054421/http://www.louvre.fr/sites/default/files/medias/medias_fichiers/fichiers/pdf/louvre-photographies-ahae.pdf |deadurl=no |archivedate=5 June 2014 |title=AHAE. De ma fenêtre |trans-title=AHAE. Through My Window |publisher=AHAE.com |language=French |accessdate=3 June 2014}}
132. ^{{cite journal |last=Desprez |first=Sonia |url=http://fr.1001mags.com/parution/a-nous-paris/numero-571-25-jun-2012/page-24-25-texte-integral |title=Le rêve de nature d'Ahae |trans-title=Ahae's dream of nature |work=A Nous Paris |issue=571 |date=25 June 2012 |pages=24–25 |publisher=A Nous Paris SAS |language=French |accessdate=1 June 2014 |quote=L'exposition a un coût important. Avez-vous des mécènes? Non. Nous finançons tout avec l'argent de nos différentes sociétés. Nous ne sommes pas intéressés par les pressions extérieures et souhaitons jouir d'une totale liberté.}}
133. ^{{cite web |last=Pégard |first=Catherine |url=http://en.chateauversailles.fr/news-/events/exhibitions/the-extraordinary-within-the-ordinary?archive=1 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140521155105/http://en.chateauversailles.fr/news-/events/exhibitions/the-extraordinary-within-the-ordinary?archive=1 |deadurl=no |archivedate=21 May 2014 |title=AHAE. The Extraordinary Within the Ordinary |publisher=En.chateauversailles.fr |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
134. ^{{cite news |last=Chaundy |first=Bob |url=http://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/bob-chaundy/ahae-exhibition_b_3898112.html |title=The Extraordinary Within the Ordinary – Ahae |work=Huffington Post |date=10 September 2013 |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
135. ^{{cite news |last=Rinn |first=Natalie |url=http://tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/06/25/on-view-simple-photos-from-south-korea-light-up-the-grand-galleries-of-versailles/ |title=Simple Photos From South Korea Light Up the Grand Galleries of Versailles |work=The New York Times |date=25 June 2013 |accessdate=3 June 2014}}
136. ^{{cite news |last=Alberge |first=Dalya |url=http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/news/uk_news/Arts/article1277681.ece |title=Rich Korean recluse hires the LSO to blow his trumpet |work=The Sunday Times |date=23 June 2013 |accessdate=1 June 2014 |quote=The 70-year-old businessman, known simply as Ahae, has asked Michael Nyman, ... to create a symphony for the occasion. It will be performed at the Orangerie of the Château de Versailles, the 17th-century royal palace, where several hundred of the 2.6m images captured by Ahae will go on display this week. |subscription=yes}}
137. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.musicsalesclassical.com/news/2798 |title=News – Nyman Symphony No 6 premiere |publisher=Music Sales Classical |date=6 September 2013 |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
138. ^{{cite web |last=The Music Sales Group |url=http://www.musicsalesclassical.com/news/2798 |title=Michael Nyman Symphony No. 6 "AHAE" Premier |publisher=The Music Sales Group |accessdate=22 May 2014}}
139. ^{{cite web |last=Bacri |first=Nicolas |url=http://www.nicolasbacri.net/biographieen.html |title=Biographie En |publisher=Nicolasbacri.net |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
140. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.chateauversailles.fr/resources/pdf/fr/presse/dp_theatre-eau.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140617215234/http://www.chateauversailles.fr/resources/pdf/fr/presse/dp_theatre-eau.pdf |deadurl=yes |archivedate=17 June 2014 |title=Un jardin contemporain pour le bosquet du théâtre d'eau |trans-title=A contemporary garden for the Water Theater Grove |publisher=Château de Versailles |date=28 January 2014 |accessdate=17 June 2014 |language=French |df= }}
141. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chateauversailles.fr/news-/events/other-events/the-water-theatre-grove |title=Bosquet du Théâtre d'Eau – Château de Versailles |publisher=Chateauversailles.fr |language=French |accessdate=31 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141218190941/http://www.chateauversailles.fr/news-/events/other-events/the-water-theatre-grove |archivedate=18 December 2014 |df=dmy-all }}
142. ^{{cite news |first=Eduard |last=Launet |url=http://www.liberation.fr/voyages/2013/03/27/versailles-redebusque-son-bosquet_891760 |title=Versailles redébusque son bosquet |trans-title=Versailles re-flushes its grove |work=Libération |language=French |quote=Dernier acteur de cette réinterprétation : le photographe, poète, peintre, entrepreneur, philanthrope (etc.) et mécène coréen Ahae. Ce septuagénaire très choyé par les institutions culturelles françaises a accepté de prendre en charge le coût du nouveau bosquet, soit 1,4 million d'euros. L'an dernier, les photos d'Ahae ont été présentées dans une expo organisée dans le jardin des Tuileries (Libération du 5 August 2012). Elles le seront à nouveau cet été dans l'orangerie de Versailles. |date=27 March 2013 |accessdate=17 June 2014}}
143. ^{{cite news|first1=Béatrice |last1=Mathieu |first2=Delphine |last2=Saubaber |authorlink2 = Delphine Saubaber|first3=Philippe |last3=Mesmer |url=http://www.lexpress.fr/actualite/monde/asie/naufrage-en-coree-monsieur-yoo-gourou-et-voyou_1558095.html |title=Naufrage en Corée: Monsieur Yoo, gourou et voyou |trans-title=Shipwreck in Korea: Mr. Yoo, guru and thug |work=L'Express |language=French |date= |accessdate=12 July 2014}}
144. ^{{cite news |first=Leah |last=Iribarnegaray |url=http://next.liberation.fr/arts/2013/08/08/a-versailles-le-mecene-ahae-se-met-en-scene_923733 |title=A Versailles, le mécène Ahae se met en scène |trans-title=At Versailles, the patron Ahae takes the stage |work=Libération |language=French |date=8 August 2013 |accessdate=16 June 2014}}
145. ^1 2 {{cite news |first1=Follorou |last1=Jacques |first2=Philippe |last2=Mesmer |url=http://www.lemonde.fr/international/article/2014/06/10/le-proprietaire-du-sewol-ennemi-public-a-seoul-ami-des-musees-a-paris_4435286_3210.html |title=Le propriétaire du ferry naufragé, ennemi public à Séoul, ami des musées à Paris |trans-title=The owner of the wrecked ferry, public enemy in Seoul, friend of museums in Paris |language=French |work=Le Monde |date=10 June 2014 |accessdate=16 June 2014}}
146. ^{{cite news |first=Adam |last=Sage |url=http://www.thetimes.co.uk/tto/news/world/europe/article4118754.ece |title=How missing Korean ferry boss fooled the French elite |work=The Times |date=14 June 2014 |accessdate=16 June 2014 |quote=Now Bernard Hasquenoph, the editor of Louvre Pour Tous, a website dedicated to the Louvre, has revealed that Ahae donated €1.1 million (£877,000) to the museum at the time of his exhibition. He then gave €5 million to Versailles. "He turns up with his money and he pays prestigious places to exhibit his work and buys recognition," Mr Hasquenoph said. |subscription=yes}}
147. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chateauversailles.fr/resources/pdf/fr/rapport_activite/rapport_activites_2012.pdf |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140715110630/http://www.chateauversailles.fr/resources/pdf/fr/rapport_activite/rapport_activites_2012.pdf |deadurl=no |archivedate=15 July 2014 |title=Rapport annuel d'activité 2012 |trans-title=Annual activity report 2012 |publisher=Château de Versailles |accessdate=15 July 2014 |language=French}}
148. ^{{cite news|last=Kleiber |first=Marie-Anne |url=http://www.lejdd.fr/JDD-Paris/Versailles-un-theatre-d-eau-et-de-perles-675936 |title=Versailles, un théâtre d'eau et de perles |trans-title=Versailles, a water theater and pearls |language=French |work=Le Journal du Dimanche |publisher=leJDD.fr |date=14 July 2014 |accessdate=15 July 2014}}
149. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.economist.com/blogs/prospero/2013/07/nature-photography-versailles |title=Nature photography in Versailles: Seoulful visions |work=The Economist |accessdate=5 June 2014 |date=15 July 2013}}
150. ^{{cite news |first=Bernard |last=Hasquenoph |url=http://www.liberation.fr/culture/2014/06/15/au-louvre-le-naufrage-du-mecenat_1041871 |title=Au Louvre, le naufrage du mécénat |trans-title=At the Louvre, the sinking of patronage |work=Libération |language=French |date=15 June 2014 |accessdate=16 June 2014}}
151. ^{{cite web |first=Bernard |last=Hasquenoph |url=http://www.louvrepourtous.fr/Affaire-Ahae-les-Coreens-de-France,778.html |title=Affaire Ahae : les Coréens de France interpellent Aurélie Filippetti |trans-title=Ahae Affaire: The Koreans in France challenge Aurélie Filippetti |publisher=louvrepourtous.fr |language=French |date=13 June 2014 |accessdate=16 June 2014}}
152. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.amitiefrancecoree.org/2014/06/oui-a-l-artiste-lee-ufan-non-a-l-affairiste-ahae.html |title=Oui à l'artiste Lee Ufan, non à l'affairiste Ahae |trans-title=Yes to the artist Lee Ufan, not the wheeler Ahae |work=Association d'amitié franco-coréenne |publisher=Amitiefrancecoree.org |language=French |date=16 June 2014 |accessdate=16 June 2014}}
153. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2014061279558 |title=Le Monde: 'French people criticize Louvre for taking donation from Yoo' |work=The Dong-a Ilbo |date=12 June 2014 |accessdate=16 June 2014}}
154. ^{{cite journal |url=http://www.lejournaldesarts.fr/jda/archives/docs_article/121614/un-mecene-bien-encombrant.php |title=Un mécène bien encombrant |work=Le Journal des Arts |publisher=Lejournaldesarts.fr |language=French |issue=416 |date=20 June 2014 |accessdate=20 June 2014 |subscription=yes}}
155. ^{{cite web |url=http://atlantesetcariatides.wordpress.com/2014/06/20/touche-coule/ |title=Touché... Coulé... | Atlantes & Cariatides |publisher=Atlantesetcariatides.wordpress.com |date=20 June 2014 |accessdate=26 June 2014}}
156. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.festivaldesforets.fr/index.php?page=concert&id=233 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605054706/http://www.festivaldesforets.fr/index.php?page=concert&id=233 |title=Concert de Gala |trans-title=Gala Concert |publisher=festivaldesforets.fr |deadurl=no |archivedate=5 June 2014 |accessdate=20 June 2014 |language=French}}
157. ^{{cite news |first=Pierrig |last=Guennec |url=http://www.courrier-picard.fr/region/un-mecene-du-festival-des-forets-recherche-par-la-ia0b0n379220 |title=Un mécène du Festival des forêts recherché par la police coréenne |trans-title=A patron of the Forest Festival sought by the Korean police |work=Le Courrier picard |publisher=Courrier-picard.fr |language=French |date=27 May 2014 |accessdate=1 June 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140602201838/http://www.courrier-picard.fr/region/un-mecene-du-festival-des-forets-recherche-par-la-ia0b0n379220 |deadurl=no |archivedate=2 June 2014}}
158. ^{{cite web |last=Hasquenoph |first=Bernard |url=http://www.louvrepourtous.fr/Ahae-mecene-d-un-concert-de-gala,775.html |title=Ahae, mécène d'un concert de gala au Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne |trans-title=Ahae patron of a gala concert at the Théâtre Impérial de Compiègne |publisher=louvrepourtous.fr |language=French |date=26 May 2014 |accessdate=1 June 2014}}
159. ^1 {{cite web |last=Hasquenoph |first=Bernard |url=http://www.louvrepourtous.fr/Ahae-annule-au-Festival-des-forets,780.html |title=Ahae annulé au Festival des forêts, la lettre de Laurent Fabius |trans-title=Ahae canceled at the Forest Festival, the letter of Laurent Fabius |publisher=louvrepourtous.fr |date=3 July 2014 |accessdate=3 July 2014 |language=French}}
160. ^1 {{cite news |last=Gignoux |first=Sabine |url=http://www.la-croix.com/Culture/Actualite/Apres-Compiegne-Laurent-Fabius-va-intervenir-a-Versailles-contre-Ahae-2014-07-03-1173918 |title=Après Compiègne, Laurent Fabius va intervenir à Versailles contre Ahae |trans-title=After Compiègne, Laurent Fabius will intervene against Ahae at Versailles |work=La Croix |language=French |date=3 July 2014 |accessdate=3 July 2014}}
161. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.courrier-picard.fr/region/a-compiegne-le-mecene-plonge-le-festival-dans-l-embarras-ia0b0n398527 |title=À Compiègne, le mécène plonge le festival dans l'embarras | trans-title=At Compiegne, patron plunges the festival into embarrassment |work=Courrier picard |date=1 July 2014 |accessdate=2 July 2014 |language=French}}
162. ^{{cite news |last=Debes |first=Vicent |url=http://www.courrier-picard.fr/region/compiegne-le-festival-des-forets-coupe-les-ponts-avec-son-ia190b0n398804 |title=COMPIEGNE Le Festival des forêts coupe les ponts avec son mécène | trans-title=Compiegne: The Forest Festival cut ties with their patron |work=Courrier picard |date=2 July 2014 |accessdate=2 July 2014 |language=French}}
163. ^{{cite news |url=http://france3-regions.francetvinfo.fr/limousin/2014/07/02/le-ministre-des-affaires-etrangeres-laurent-fabius-intervient-indirectement-dans-l-affaire-ahae-510355.html | title=Le ministre des Affaires étrangères Laurent Fabius intervient indirectement dans l'affaire Ahae | work=France 3 | date=2 July 2014 | accessdate=2 July 2014 | author=Bélingard, Christian | trans-title=The Foreign Minister Laurent Fabius indirectly involved in the Ahae case}}
164. ^{{cite news | url=http://www.ndtv.com/article/world/france-wants-south-korea-ferry-owner-event-scrapped-552708 | title=France Wants South Korea Ferry Owner Event Scrapped | work=NDTV | date=4 July 2014 | agency=Agence France-Presse | accessdate=4 July 2014}}
165. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2014/07/03/97001-20140703FILWWW00410-naufrage-en-coree-polemique-a-compiegne.php |title=Naufrage en Corée: polémique à Compiègne |trans-title=Shipwreck in Korea: Controversy at Compiègne |language=French |work=Le Figaro |date=3 July 2014 |accessdate=4 July 2014}}
166. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.festivaldesforets.fr/documents/files/Communiqu%C3%A9%20sur%20concert%204%20juillet%20dat%C3%A9%202%20juillet.pdf |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140704161316/http://www.festivaldesforets.fr/documents/files/Communiqu%C3%A9%20sur%20concert%204%20juillet%20dat%C3%A9%202%20juillet.pdf |deadurl=no |archivedate=4 July 2014 |title=Communiqué de presse: Festival des Forêts - Concert du 4 juillet 2014 |trans-title=Press release: Forest Festival - Concert on 4 July 2014 |publisher=festivaldesforets.fr |language=French |date=2 July 2014 |accessdate=4 July 2014}}
167. ^{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Yon-se |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140706000292 |title=Ferry owner barred from holding French exhibit |work=The Korea Herald |date=6 July 2014 |accessdate=7 July 2014}}
168. ^{{cite news |last1=Kim |first1=Sarah |last2=Noh |first2=Jin-ho |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2991674 |title=France moves to call off event with Yoo's work |work=Korea JoongAng Daily |date=8 July 2014 |accessdate=7 July 2014}}
169. ^{{cite web |last=Hasquenoph |first=Bernard |url=http://www.louvrepourtous.fr/La-Philarmonie-de-Paris,774.html |title=La Philharmonie de Paris maintiendra-t-elle une expo Ahae malgré l'affaire du Sewol? |trans-title=Will the Philharmonie de Paris still hold an Ahae exhibition despite the Sewol affair? |publisher=louvrepourtous.fr |language=French |date=14 May 2014 |accessdate=1 June 2014}}
170. ^{{cite news |author=기사입력 |url=http://biz.heraldcorp.com/view.php?ud=20140523000182 |script-title=ko:파리 필하모니 홈페이지서 '유병언 사진전' 사라진 이유 |publisher=Biz.heraldcorp.com |language=Korean |date=24 May 2014 |accessdate=1 June 2014}}
171. ^{{cite news |last=Ojardias |first=Frédéric |url=http://www.la-croix.com/Actualite/Monde/Coree-le-scandaleux-proprietaire-du-ferry-naufrage-2014-04-27-1141958 |title=Corée, le scandaleux propriétaire du ferry naufragé |trans-title=Korea, the outrageous owner of the wrecked ferry |work=La Croix |language=French |date=27 April 2014 |accessdate=1 June 2014}}
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173. ^{{cite news |last=de Morel |first=Pierrick |url=http://www.franceinfo.fr/article/coree-du-sud-qui-est-yoo-byung-eun-proprietaire-du-ferry-naufrage-456583 |title=Corée du Sud : qui est Yoo Byung-Eun, propriétaire du ferry naufragé? |trans-title=South Korea: who is Yoo Byung-Eun, owner of the wrecked ferry? |language=French |publisher=Franceinfo.fr |date=24 April 2014 |accessdate=1 June 2014}}
174. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/04/16/korea-ship-missing-idUSL3N0N81P420140416 |title=More than 300 people missing after South Korea ferry sinks – coast guard |agency=Reuters |last=Park |first=Ju-min |date=16 April 2014}}
175. ^{{cite news |last=Withnall |first=Adam |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/south-korea-ferry-disaster-civilian-divers-scouring-the-sewol-wreckage-are-being-paid-by-the-body-presidential-office-suggests-9435932.html |title=South Korea ferry disaster: Civilian divers scouring the Sewol wreckage are being ‘paid by the body’, presidential office suggests |work=The Independent |date=26 May 2014 |accessdate=28 May 2014}}
176. ^{{cite web|last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140418001041 |title=Major disasters in Korea |work=The Korea Herald |date=18 April 2014 |accessdate=31 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140612120338/http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140418001041 |archivedate=12 June 2014 |df= }}
177. ^{{cite news|title=Over 280 missing after South Korean ferry capsizes |date=16 April 2014 |agency=Reuters |url=http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/04/16/us-korea-ship-idINKBN0D205U20140416 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140605125600/http://in.reuters.com/article/2014/04/16/us-korea-ship-idINKBN0D205U20140416 |archivedate= 5 June 2014 |df= }}
178. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/04/25/2014042501240.html |title=Ferry Operator's Owner Ready to Give Away Fortune |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=25 April 2014 |accessdate=28 May 2014}}
179. ^{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Narae |title=Boy who raised alarm on doomed Korean ferry had no time to call parents |url=http://www.standard-freeholder.com/2014/04/26/boy-who-raised-alarm-on-doomed-korean-ferry-had-no-time-to-call-parents |accessdate=19 May 2014 |work=Cornwall Standard Freeholder |date=26 April 2014}}
180. ^{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Da-ye |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/04/116_156406.html |title=Who controls Semo Group? |work=The Korea Times |date=30 April 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
181. ^{{cite news|last=Park |first=Eun-jee |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2989634 |title=Prosecutors warn anyone who helps Yoo escape |work=Korea JoongAng Daily |date=24 May 2014 |accessdate=27 May 2014 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140528005740/http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2989634 |archivedate=28 May 2014 |df= }}
182. ^{{cite news |last=Mundy |first=Simon |title=South Korean sect ends stand-off over Sewol ferry disaster |url=http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/6e1e194c-e0c0-11e3-a934-00144feabdc0.html |work=Financial Times |date=21 May 2014 |accessdate=29 May 2014 |subscription=yes}}
183. ^{{cite news|url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/news/2014/04/23/0200000000AEN20140423003400315.html |title=Prosecution raided sunken ferry operator, affiliates |agency=Yonhap |date=23 April 2014 |accessdate=23 June 2014}}
184. ^1 2 {{cite news|last=Na |first=Jeong-ju |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2014/05/488_156641.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140623071153/https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/biz/2014/05/488_156641.html |deadurl=no |archivedate=23 June 2014 |title='Yoo used 100 'bogus' firms for embezzlement' |work=The Korea Times |date=6 May 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
185. ^{{cite news|last=Kang |first=Seung-woo |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/04/116_156252.html |title=Salvation sect stages protest rally |work=The Korea Times |date=28 April 2014 |accessdate=23 June 2014}}
186. ^{{cite news | url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2991271 | title=Sewol suspects' assets to be seized | work=Korea JoongAng Daily | date=28 June 2014 | agency=Yonhap | accessdate=2 July 2014}}
187. ^{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Da-ye |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/04/116_156333.html |title=Yoo tries to protect reputation as photographer |work=The Korea Times |date=29 April 2014 |accessdate=5 June 2014}}
188. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/05/09/2014050901411.html |title=Investigators Confirm Ownership of Ferry Operator |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=9 May 2014 |accessdate=9 May 2014}}
189. ^{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Da-ye |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/05/116_156891.html |title=Yoo may face homicide charges |work=The Korea Times |date=12 May 2014 |accessdate=27 May 2014}}
190. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Jeong |first=Hyo-sik |title=Yoo directed Sewol remodeling, testimony says |work=Korea JoongAng Daily |url=http://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2989414 |accessdate=21 May 2014 |date=20 May 2014}}
191. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/captain-says-warnings/1090142.html |title=Captain says warnings over Korean ferry ignored |publisher=Channel NewsAsia |date=30 April 2014 |accessdate=31 May 2014}}
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199. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/05/23/2014052301339.html |title=Ferry Owner Put on Most-Wanted List |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=23 May 2014 |accessdate=23 May 2014}}
200. ^{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Da-ye |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/04/116_156269.html |title=Sewol owner's paper companies raided |work=The Korea Times |date=28 April 2014 |accessdate=28 April 2014}}
201. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140502001216 |title=Prosecution issues ultimatum to ferry owner family, aides |work=The Korea Herald |date=2 May 2014 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
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207. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/05/22/2014052201875.html |title=Why Seizing Ferry Owner's Assets Is Vital |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=22 May 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
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211. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/04/28/2014042801419.html |title=Mystery Surrounds Dubious Owner of Ferry Operator |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=28 April 2014 |accessdate=30 May 2014}}
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301. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/06/23/2014062302608.html |title=Ferry Owner's Brother Arrested |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=23 June 2014 |accessdate=29 June 2014}}
302. ^{{cite web |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/06/27/2014062702922.html |title=Why Are Ferry Disaster Suspects Held on Different Charges? |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=27 June 2014 |accessdate=29 June 2014}}
303. ^1 {{cite news |last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140619001043 |title=Sunken ferry owner's wife placed on wanted list |work=The Korea Herald |date=19 June 2014 |accessdate=22 June 2014}}
304. ^{{cite news |url=http://24-7kpop.com/fugitive-sewol-ferry-owners-wife-put-on-wanted-list/ |title=Fugitive Sewol Ferry Owner's Wife Put on Wanted List |publisher=24-7kpop.com |date=19 June 2014 |accessdate=22 June 2014}}
305. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.globalpost.com/dispatch/news/yonhap-news-agency/140621/fugitive-ferry-owners-wife-under-arrest-alleged-embezzleme-0 |title=Fugitive ferry owner's wife under arrest for alleged embezzlement |work=GlobalPost |agency=Yonhap |date=21 June 2014 |accessdate=22 June 2014}}
306. ^{{cite news |last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140621000061 |title=Fugitive ferry owner's wife arrested |work=The Korea Herald |date=21 June 2014 |accessdate=22 June 2014}}
307. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.gulf-times.com/korea/247/details/397306/s-korea-ferry-fugitive%E2%80%99s-wife-is-arrested |title=S Korea ferry fugitive's wife is arrested |work=Gulf Times |agency=Agence France-Presse |date=22 June 2014 |accessdate=22 June 2014}}
308. ^{{cite news |first=Ju-min |last=Park |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/south-korea-sewol-ferry-disaster-wife-of-most-wanted-businessman-arrested-9554227.html |title=South Korea Sewol ferry disaster: wife of 'most wanted' businessman arrested |work=The Independent |agency=Reuters |date=22 June 2014 |accessdate=22 June 2014}}
309. ^{{cite news |last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140622000221 |title=Warrant sought for Sewol owner's wife |work=The Korea Herald |date=22 June 2014 |accessdate=22 June 2014}}
310. ^{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Da-ye |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/06/116_159642.html |title=Arrest warrant sought for Yoo's wife |work=The Korea Times |date=24 June 2014 |accessdate=24 June 2014}}
311. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.ninemsn.com.au/world/2014/07/14/19/47/fugitive-korean-ferry-owner-s-wife-charged |title=Fugitive Korean ferry owner's wife charged |agency=AFP |publisher=News.ninemsn.com.au |date=14 July 2014 |accessdate=15 July 2014}}
312. ^{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Se-jeong |url=http://koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/06/113_159601.html |title=Yoo's brother apprehended |work=The Korea Times |date=24 May 2012 |accessdate=25 June 2014}}
313. ^{{cite news |last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140622000424 |title=Police detain fugitive ferry owner's brother |work=The Korea Herald |date=22 June 2014 |accessdate=25 June 2014}}
314. ^1 {{cite news |last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140624001294 |title=Ferry owner's in-law indicted for embezzlement |work=The Korea Herald |date=24 June 2014 |accessdate=25 June 2014}}
315. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2014/06/24/5/0302000000AEN20140624008551315F.html |title=(LEAD) Fugitive Sewol owner's brother-in-law to stand trial |agency=Yonhap |date=24 June 2014 |accessdate=25 June 2014}}
316. ^{{cite news |last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://nwww.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140623001179 |title=JYP Entertainment probed over Sewol |work=The Korea Herald |date=23 June 2014 |accessdate=25 June 2014}}
317. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2014/06/25/39/0302000000AEN20140625010300315F.html |title=Fugitive ferry owner's brother detained for alleged embezzlement |agency=Yonhap |date=25 June 2014 |accessdate=26 June 2014}}
318. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2014/06/25/39/0302000000AEN20140625010300315F.html |title=Fugitive ferry owner's brother detained for alleged embezzlement |agency=Yonhap |date=25 June 2014 |accessdate=27 June 2014}}
319. ^{{cite news |last=Kim |first=Se-jeong |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/06/116_159881.html |title=Yoo believed to be using Viber to evade investigators |work=The Korea Times |date=26 June 2014 |accessdate=27 June 2014}}
320. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2014/06/27/9/0302000000AEN20140627009300315F.html |title=Arrest warrant sought for fugitive ferry owner's close aide |agency=Yonhap |date=27 June 2014 |accessdate=27 June 2014}}
321. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.tradewindsnews.com/casualties/339903/Korean-yard-files | title=Korean yard files | work=TradeWinds | date=26 June 2014 | accessdate=2 July 2014}}
322. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2014/06/23/southkorea-ferry-bankruptcy-idUSL4N0P41QO20140623 | title=Major shareholder of S.Korean ferry operator applies for receivership | agency=Reuters | date=23 June 2014 | accessdate=2 July 2014}}
323. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/06/27/2014062702980.html |title=Gov't Lays Claim to Ferry Owner's Assets |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=27 June 2014 |accessdate=27 June 2014}}
324. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=164607 |title=Prosecutors look to seize assets of sunken ferry owner |publisher=Arirang.co.kr |date=27 June 2014 |accessdate=27 June 2014}}
325. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2014/06/26/56/0301000000AEN20140626011200315F.html | title=Gov't files for asset seizure against sunken ferry owner | agency=Yonhap | date=26 June 2014 | accessdate=2 July 2014}}
326. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2014/07/04/75/0302000000AEN20140704007500315F.html |title=Court orders seizure of assets of those responsible for ferry disaster |agency=Yonhap |date=4 July 2014 |accessdate=4 July 2014}}
327. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nSeq=162970 |title=Investigators: "Very close to finding Sewol-ho ferry owner" |publisher=Arirang News |date=27 May 2014 |accessdate=4 July 2014}}
328. ^{{cite news | url=http://english.khan.co.kr/khan_art_view.html?artid=201405281818527&code=710100 | title=Eldest Daughter of Yoo Byeong-eon Arrested in Paris: She Will Stand in a Local Trial if She Resists Extradition | work=Kyunghyang Shinmun | date=28 May 2014 | accessdate=4 July 2014}}
329. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/07/02/2014070201258.html |title=Ferry Owner Buys Land While on the Run |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=2 July 2014 |accessdate=4 July 2014}}
330. ^{{cite news|last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140709001065 |title=Prosecution to seek arrest warrant for ferry owner again |work=The Korea Herald |date=9 July 2014 |accessdate=10 July 2014}}
331. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://www.arirang.co.kr/News/News_View.asp?nseq=162632 |title=Authorities still searching for owner of sunken Sewol-ho ferry |publisher=Arirang News |date=21 May 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
332. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Kim |first=Da-ye |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/05/116_157022.html |title=Yoo's children all snub prosecution's summonses |work=The Korea Times |date=12 May 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
333. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/05/13/2014051300779.html |title=Ferry Owner's Children Go Underground |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=13 May 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
334. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/05/15/2014051501308.html |title=Ferry Owner Cult Members Barricade Compound |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=15 May 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
335. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2014/05/22/33/0302000000AEN20140522004151315F.html |title=(LEAD) Sewol owner put on wanted list |agency=Yonhap |date=22 May 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
336. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/05/26/2014052600748.html |title=Bounty on Fugitive Ferry Owner's Head Increased |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=26 May 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
337. ^{{cite news |url=http://m.voanews.com/a/daughter-of-fugitive-south-korea-ferry-owner-arrested-faces-judge/1924087.html |title=Daughter of Fugitive South Korea Ferry Owner Arrested, Faces Judge |publisher=Voice of America |date=28 May 2014 |accessdate=9 June 2014}}
338. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.francezone.com/xe/hanweeklynews/404832 |script-title=ko:한위클리뉴스 - 프랑스에서 아해의 실체 밝혀낸 베르나르 아쉬케노프기자 |publisher=Francezone.com |date=29 May 2014 |accessdate=20 June 2014 |language=Korean}}
339. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/05/12/2014051200853.html |title=Ferry Owner's Relatives Summoned for Questioning |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=12 May 2014 |accessdate=20 June 2014}}
340. ^{{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/05/27/2014052701467.html |title=Woman Held for Aiding Ferry Owner's Escape |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=27 May 2014 |accessdate=20 June 2014}}
341. ^1 {{cite news |url=http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/05/26/2014052601506.html |title=Extradition of Ferry Owner's Family, Cronies Sought |work=The Chosun Ilbo |date=26 May 2014 |accessdate=20 June 2014}}
342. ^1 {{cite news |last=Kent |first=Emily |url=http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2611954/Reclusive-owner-South-Korean-ferry-dubbed-millionaire-no-face-raided-police-revealed-ran-CULT.html |title=South Korean ferry patriarch Yoo Byung-eun's home raided by police |work=Daily Mail |date=24 April 2014 |accessdate=21 May 2014}}
343. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.mt.co.kr/view/mtview.php?type=1&no=2014050213424320985 |script-title=ko:'구원파'로 맺어진 유병언 인맥...정계에서 연예계까지 |work=Money Today |language=Korean |publisher=Mt.co.kr |date=2 May 2014 |accessdate=27 May 2014}}
344. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Hong |first=Gil-dong |url=http://www.koreaherald.com/view.php?ud=20140523001123 |title=Yoo's children make Interpol's 'red notice' list |work=The Korea Herald |date=23 May 2014 |accessdate=27 May 2014}}
345. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/04/30/2014043000202.html?related_all |script-title=ko:세월호 참사 / 유병언 一家 수사] 유씨 자녀·측근, 귀국時限 넘겨... 검찰 "계좌동결·旅券무효화 검토" - 1등 인터넷뉴스 조선닷컴 |work=Chosun Ilbo |language=Korean |date=30 April 2014 |accessdate=28 May 2014}}
346. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2014/05/24/2014052400250.html |title=유병언 차남 등 4명 犯罪人 인도 요청 - 1등 인터넷뉴스 조선닷컴 |work=Chosun Ilbo |date=24 May 2014 |accessdate=27 May 2014}}
347. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.munhwa.com/news/view.html?no=2014042501070527031002 |script-title=ko:유씨 자녀들 불법증여 의혹 집중추궁... '7인방'도 줄소환 |work=Munhwa Ilbo |language=Korean |date=25 April 2014 |accessdate=28 May 2014}}
348. ^{{cite web |url=http://hdoc.tistory.com/1240 |title=구원파란 오대양사건 / 구원파 연예인 명단 , 아해 유병언 구원파 / 구원파 이단 규정 / 기독교복음침례회 권신찬 목사 연예인 구원파 명단 , 구원파 연예인 양희은 ? |publisher=Hdoc.tistory.com |accessdate=28 May 2014}}
349. ^1 2 {{cite news |last=Lee |first=Hyo-sik |url=https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2014/05/116_158021.html |title=Interpol nabs Yoo's daughter in France |work=The Korea Times |date=24 May 2012 |accessdate=29 May 2014}}
350. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-28413651|title=S Korea ferry boss Yoo Byung-eun death confirmed|date=22 July 2014|accessdate=22 July 2014|publisher=BBC News}}

External links

{{Commons category|Yoo Byung-eun}}{{Wikiquote}}
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