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词条 United National Front (Sri Lanka)
释义

  1. History

     United National Front (2001–2015)  United National Front for Good Governance (2015–present) 

  2. Members

  3. Electoral history

  4. Leadership

     Leader  General secretaries 

  5. Notes

  6. See also

  7. References

{{More citations needed|date=December 2013}}{{Infobox political party
| name = United National Front for Good Governance
| native_name = {{lang|si|එක්සත් යහපාලන ජාතික පෙරමුණ}}
{{lang|ta|நல்லாட்சிக்கான ஐக்கிய தேசிய முன்னணி}}
| native_name_lang =
| abbreviation = UNFGG
| logo =
| logo_size =
| colorcode = Green
| leader = Ranil Wickremesinghe
| deputy_leader =
| spokesperson =
| leader1_title = Secretary General
| leader1_name = Champika Ranawaka
| foundation = October 2001 as the United National Front
{{start date|2015|7|5|df=y}}
| dissolution =
| ideology =
| predecessor = United National Front
| successor =
| headquarters = 120A, Stafford Road, Colombo 06, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| position = Centre-right
| religion =
| international =
| newspaper =
| colors =
| slogan =
| seats1_title = Parliament of Sri Lanka
| seats1 = {{Composition bar|106|225|hex=Green}}
| symbol = Elephant
| flag =
| website =
| country = Sri Lanka
}}

The United National Front (UNF) ({{Lang-si|එක්සත් ජාතික පෙරමුණ}}) later the United National Front for Good Governance (UNFGG) ({{lang-si|එක්සත් යහපාලන ජාතික පෙරමුණ}} Eksath Yahapalana Jathika Peramuna; {{lang-ta|நல்லாட்சிக்கான ஐக்கிய தேசிய முன்னணி}}) is a political alliance in Sri Lanka formed by the United National Party, the alliance currently represents 7 parties including the largest Muslim party Sri Lanka Muslim Congress and the Sinhala Nationalist Jathika Hela Urumaya. The UNF is current governing party in the Parliament of Sri Lanka. A new UNP led alliance, the National Democratic Front (NDF) is in the process of being formed for future elections.[1][2][3][4]

{{TOC limit|3}}

History

United National Front (2001–2015)

The UNF was formed as an alliance in 2001 to battle president Kumaratunga's SLFP led People's Alliance in 2001 parliamentary election. Initial members were the United National Party, the Ceylon Workers' Congress, the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress and the Western People's Front. The alliance won the election by securing 109 seats in the parliament, which was 4 seats short of a majority. UNF government had been in limbo since October 2003, when President Kumaratunga declared a state of emergency and took three key cabinet portfolios for her party. During the campaign, she argued that prime minister Wickremasinghe had been too soft on the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam and promised to take a harder line. The UNF, for its part, stressed the economic gains that had been made with the ceasefire and the need to find a negotiated solution to the civil war. Eventually, President Kumaratunga dissolved the parliament and called an election in 2004, which UNF lost to newly formed United People's Freedom Alliance. In 2006, CWC left the alliance to join UPFA.

UNP and SLMC once again contested 2010 parliamentary election from UNF and only secured 29.34% of the popular vote and 60 out of 225 seats. After the election the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress left the UNF and joined President Rajapaksa's UPFA government.[5]

United National Front for Good Governance (2015–present)

{{Seealso|2015 Sri Lankan parliamentary election}}

The UNP had contested past parliamentary elections in alliance with smaller parties representing ethnic minorities but many of these had defected to the UPFA after the election.[6][7] The United National Front was once again re-activated by United National Party to form as common front against the re-emergence of Rajapaksa who was defeated on 8 January 2015 Presidential Election, with the support of many parties such as the Jathika Hela Urumaya, Sri Lanka Muslim Congress, Tamil National Alliance etc. as a major coalition to support the progress of the Common Candidate Maithripala Sirisena. Prior to this election being called the UNP had claimed it would contest the election on its own.[8][9][10] However, after the election had been called it started forming alliances with minority parties including the Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (SLMC) and Tamil Progressive Alliance (TPA).[11][12][13][14] Democratic Party led by Field Marshal Sarath Fonseka signed an MOU with Prime Minister Ranil Wickramasinghe to join the front on 3 February, 2016.[15] On 12 July 2015 the UNP, SLMC and TPA signed agreements with the Jathika Hela Urumaya (JHU) and anti-Rajapaksa members of the SLFP to form the United National Front for Good Governance (UNFGG) to contest the election.[16][17][18] The All Ceylon Makkal Congress (ACMC) also contested with the UNFGG.[19][20] The UNFGG is believed to have had the tacit support of President Sirisena but officially he has pledged to be neutral.[21][22][23]

The UNFGG had originally been established by the renaming of the JHU after it left the UPFA.[24][25][26] It was registered as a political party with the diamond symbol.[27][28] Despite this the UNFGG contested the election under the name and elephant symbol of the UNP.[29][30] UNFGG general-secretary Champika Ranawaka has stated that the JHU name and its conch symbol will be revived after the election.[31]

The UNFGG became the largest group in Parliament after securing 45.66% of votes and 106 seats whilst the UPFA won 42.38% of votes and 95 seats.[32][33] Rajapaksa quickly conceded defeat in his attempt to become Prime Minister.[34][35] Later, 42 members of the opposition joined the government, giving them a 2/3 majority. The result left the UNFGG seven seats short of a majority in Parliament.[36][37] However, on 20 August 2015 the central committee of the SLFP agreed to form a national government with the UNP for two years.[38][39] Wickremesinghe was sworn in as Prime Minister on 21 August 2015.[40][41] Immediately afterwards a memorandum of understanding to work together in Parliament was signed by acting SLFP general secretary Duminda Dissanayake and UNP general secretary Kabir Hashim.[42][43]

Members

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}
United National Front
{{unbulleted list
| United National Party (2001–2015)
| Ceylon Workers' Congress (2001–2004)
| Democratic People's Front (2001–2015)
| Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (2001–2015)
| Up-Country People's Front (2001–2015)
| Citizen's Front (2010–2015)
| National Union of Workers (2010–2015) }}{{col-2}}
United National Front for Good Governance
{{Unbulleted list
| United National Party (2015–present)
| All Ceylon Makkal Congress (2015–present)
| Democratic National Movement (2015–present)[44][45]
| Democratic Party (2016–present)
| Jathika Hela Urumaya (2015 – present)
| Muslim Tamil National Alliance
| National Front for Good Governance
| Sri Lanka Muslim Congress (2015–present)
| Tamil Progressive Alliance (2015–present)
| * Democratic People's Front
| * National Union of Workers
| * Up-Country People's Front
| United Left Front (2015–present)
| Anti-Rajapaksa faction of the Sri Lanka Freedom Party
}}{{col-end}}

Electoral history

Sri Lanka Parliamentary Elections
Election year Votes Vote % Seats won +/– Result for the party
20014,086,02645.62%109|225|hex={{United National Front (Sri Lanka)/meta/color}}}} {{steady}} 0Government}}
20043,504,20037.83% 82|225|hex={{United National Front (Sri Lanka)/meta/color}}}} {{decrease}} 27Opposition}}
20102,357,05729.34%60|225|hex={{United National Front (Sri Lanka)/meta/color}}}} {{decrease}} 22Opposition}}
20155,098,91645.66%106|225|hex={{United National Front (Sri Lanka)/meta/color}}}} {{increase}} 49Government}} {{efn|Led a National Unity government from 2015-18}}

Leadership

{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}

Leader

Name Portrait Province Term of office Highest Position Held
Ranil Wickremesinghe Western 2001–present Prime Minister
{{col-2}}

General secretaries

Name Portrait Province Term of office Highest Position Held
Champika Ranawaka Western 2015–present Cabinet Minister
{{col-end}}

Notes

{{notelist}}

See also

  • United People's Freedom Alliance

References

1. ^{{cite web |title=Ranil to lead ‘National Democratic Front’ |url=https://colombogazette.com/2018/12/17/ranil-to-lead-national-democratic-front/ |website=Colombo Gazette |accessdate=24 December 2018 |date=17 December 2018}}
2. ^{{cite web |title=Sri Lanka PM Wickremesinghe to form a new democratic front |url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/2018/dec/18/sri-lanka-pm-wickremesinghe-to-form-a-new-democratic-front-1913115.html |website=The New Indian Express |accessdate=24 December 2018}}
3. ^{{cite web |title=PM to form a new party named "National Democratic Front" - Sri Lanka Latest News |url=https://www.newsfirst.lk/2018/12/17/pm-to-form-a-new-party-named-national-democratic-front/ |website=Sri Lanka News - Newsfirst {{!}} Breaking News and Latest News provider {{!}} Political {{!}} Sports {{!}} International {{!}} Business |accessdate=24 December 2018 |language=en |date=17 December 2018}}
4. ^{{cite web |title=PM to register a new Alliance |url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/article/PM-to-register-a-new-Alliance-159895.html |website=www.dailymirror.lk |accessdate=24 December 2018 |language=English}}
5. ^http://dbsjeyaraj.com/dbsj/archives/16903
6. ^{{cite news|last1=Chandraprema|first1=C. A.|title=The UNP's Electoral Prospects|url=http://www.island.lk/2006/12/29/features.html|work=The Island (Sri Lanka)|date=29 December 2006}}
7. ^{{cite news|title=Defections, alliances to boost UPFA numbers|url=http://www.tamilguardian.com/article.asp?articleid=550|work=Tamil Guardian|date=7 March 2006}}
8. ^{{cite news|last1=Ramakrishnan|first1=T.|title=UNP to go it alone in parliamentary polls|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/united-national-party-to-go-it-alone-in-sri-lankan-parliamentary-polls/article7334739.ece|work=The Hindu}}
9. ^{{cite news|last1=Bandara|first1=Kelum|title=UNP to go it alone at general election|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/76895/unp-to-go-it-alone-at-general-election|work=The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)|date=19 June 2015}}
10. ^{{cite news|title=UNP to go it alone at general election|url=http://nation.lk/online/2015/06/20/unp-to-go-it-alone-at-general-election/|work=The Nation (Sri Lanka)|date=20 June 2015}}
11. ^{{cite news|last1=Gooneratne|first1=Lankesh|title=SLMC to go with UNP|url=https://www.ceylontoday.lk/51-98031-news-detail-slmc-to-go-with-unp.html|work=Ceylon Today|date=11 July 2015}}
12. ^{{cite news|last1=Nafeel|first1=Nushka|title=SLMC to contest polls with UNP|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=political/slmc-contest-polls-unp|work=Daily News (Sri Lanka)|date=11 July 2015}}
13. ^{{cite news|last1=Balachandran|first1=P. K.|title=Tamil Progressive Alliance Ties Up With UNP in Lankan Polls|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Tamil-Progressive-Alliance-Ties-Up-With-UNP-in-Lankan-Polls/2015/07/10/article2913051.ece|work=The New Indian Express|date=10 July 2015}}
14. ^{{cite news|title=Tamil Progressive Alliance jumps on UNP bandwagon|url=http://nation.lk/online/2015/07/11/tamil-progressive-alliance-jumps-on-unp-bandwagon/|work=The Nation (Sri Lanka)|date=11 July 2015}}
15. ^http://www.dailymirror.lk/104939/SF-joins-UNF-
16. ^{{cite news|last1=Perera|first1=Yohan|title=Good Governance MoU signed|url=http://mirrorcitizen.dailymirror.lk/2015/07/13/good-governance-mou-signed/|work=The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)|date=13 July 2015}}
17. ^{{cite news|title=Disillusioned supporters of Sri Lanka President form a new front with UNP to contest parliamentary elections|url=http://www.colombopage.com/archive_15B/Jul11_1436599440CH.php|work=Colombo Page|date=11 July 2015}}
18. ^{{cite news|last1=Rajasingham|first1=K. T.|title=A Broad Holy Alliance for Good Governance – Minus Maithripala Srisena|url=http://www.asiantribune.com/node/87334|work=Asian Tribune|date=12 July 2015}}
19. ^{{cite news|last1=Bastians|first1=Dharisha|title=Rainbow reunites against Rajapaksa|url=http://www.ft.lk/article/444923/Rainbow-reunites-against-Rajapaksa|work=Daily FT|date=13 July 2015}}
20. ^{{cite news|title=Key issues for the people at August 17 poll|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/79457/key-issues-for-the-people-at-august-17-poll|work=The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)|date=14 July 2015}}
21. ^{{cite news|last1=Balachandran|first1=P. K.|title=Sirisena's Blessings for Anti-Rajapaksa Front|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Sirisenas-Blessings-for-Anti-Rajapaksa-Front/2015/07/12/article2915613.ece|work=The New Indian Express|date=12 July 2015}}
22. ^{{cite news|title=Will remain neutral, won't back MR: Maithri|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/79547/no-one-has-been-vilified-like-me-in-the-past-two-weeks-ms|work=The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)|date=14 July 2015}}
23. ^{{cite news|last1=Balachandran|first1=P. K.|title=Lankan Bigwigs To Fight It Out In Colombo District|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/Lankan-Bigwigs-To-Fight-It-Out-In-Colombo-District/2015/07/13/article2918238.ece|work=The New Indian Express|date=13 July 2015}}
24. ^{{cite news|title=Maithri-Mahinda re-marriage irks ‘best men’|url=http://nation.lk/online/2015/07/11/maithri-mahinda-re-marriage-irks-best-men/|work=The Nation (Sri Lanka)|date=11 July 2015}}
25. ^{{cite news|title=Rauff wants Ranil as Premier of a stable govt.|url=http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=128176|work=The Island (Sri Lanka)|date=13 July 2015}}
26. ^{{cite news|title=JHU to contest under a new front|url=http://www.adaderana.lk/news/31491/jhu-to-contest-under-a-new-front|work=adaderana.lk|date=5 July 2015}}
27. ^{{cite news|last1=Ratnasekera|first1=Sirimantha|title=Somawansa gets on JHU bandwagon for the poll|url=http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=127991|work=The Island (Sri Lanka)|date=10 July 2015}}
28. ^{{cite news|last1=Kuruppu|first1=Chamitha|title=We don’t have a Mahinda Rajapaksa phobia|url=http://www.ft.lk/article/443659/%E2%80%9CWe-don-t-have-a-Mahinda-Rajapaksa-phobia%E2%80%9D|work=Daily FT|date=10 July 2015}}
29. ^{{cite news|last1=Somarathna|first1=Rasika|title=MOU for broad alliance|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=local/mou-broad-alliance|work=Daily News (Sri Lanka)|date=13 July 2015}}
30. ^{{cite news|last1=Imtiaz|first1=Zahrah|title=No divisions in the SLFP – Priyankara Jayaratne|url=http://www.ceylontoday.lk/89-98225-news-detail-no-divisions-in-the-slfp-priyankara-jayaratne.html|work=Ceylon Today|date=14 July 2015}}
31. ^{{cite news|last1=Fernando|first1=Manjula|title=Our alliance represents the true masses – Champika Ranawaka|url=http://www.sundayobserver.lk/2015/07/12/pol08.asp|work=Sunday Observer (Sri Lanka)|date=12 July 2015}}
32. ^{{cite news|title=Rajapakse concedes election defeat as UNP secures 106 seats|url=http://www.gulf-times.com/sri%20lanka/251/details/451634/rajapakse-concedes-election-defeat-as-unp-secures-106-seats|work=Gulf Times|agency=Agence France-Presse|date=18 August 2015}}
33. ^{{cite news|title=UNF Wins Sri Lanka Battle, Rajapaksa Concedes Defeat|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/world/UNF-Wins-Sri-Lanka-Battle-Rajapaksa-Concedes-Defeat/2015/08/18/article2981084.ece|work=The New Indian Express|agency=Indo-Asian News Service|date=18 August 2015}}
34. ^{{cite news|title=Former Sri Lankan president Mahinda Rajapaksa concedes defeat in bid to become PM|url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-08-18/sri-lanka-leader-rajapakse-concedes-election-defeat/6706490|work=ABC News (Australia)|date=18 August 2015}}
35. ^{{cite news|title=MR concedes defeat|url=http://www.dailynews.lk/?q=local/mr-concedes-defeat|work=Daily News (Sri Lanka)|date=19 August 2015}}
36. ^{{cite news|title=Sri Lanka's prime minister defeats former president Rajapaksa in elections|url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/aug/18/sri-lanka-prime-minister-declares-victory-ranil-wickremesinghe|work=The Guardian|agency=Reuters|date=18 August 2015}}
37. ^{{cite news|title=Sri Lanka's PM defeats ex-president in elections|url=http://www.aljazeera.com/news/2015/08/sri-lanka-elections-150818133605788.html|work=Al Jazeera|date=19 August 2015}}
38. ^{{cite news|last1=Edirisinghe|first1=Dasun|title=SLFP CC for joining national government|url=http://island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=130304|work=The Island (Sri Lanka)|date=21 August 2015}}
39. ^{{cite news|last1=Bandara|first1=Kelum|title=SLFP agrees to join National Govt.|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/84145/slfp-cc-approves-national-govt|work=The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)|date=20 August 2015}}
40. ^{{cite news|last1=Liyanawatte|first1=Dinuka|title=Wickremesinghe sworn in as Sri Lankan prime minister|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/08/21/us-sri-lanka-government-idUSKCN0QQ0KP20150821|work=Reuters|date=21 August 2015}}
41. ^{{cite news|last1=Ramakrishnan|first1=T.|title=Ranil Wickremesinghe sworn in as Sri Lankan Prime Minister|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/international/ranil-wickremesinghe-sworn-in-as-sri-lankan-prime-minister/article7565796.ece|work=The Hindu|date=21 August 2015}}
42. ^{{cite news|title=UNP and SLFP sign MoU|url=http://www.dailymirror.lk/84245/unp-and-slfp-sign-mou|work=The Daily Mirror (Sri Lanka)|date=21 August 2015}}
43. ^{{cite news|title=SLFP & UNP sign MoU to form National Govt|url=http://www.slguardian.org/slfp-unp-sign-mou-to-form-national-govt/|work=Sri Lanka Guardian|date=21 August 2015}}
44. ^{{Citation|last =Edirisinghe|first =Dasun|title =DNM demands vacant UNP seat|newspaper =The Island (Sri Lanka)|date =21 January 2016|url =http://www.island.lk/index.php?page_cat=article-details&page=article-details&code_title=138992|access-date =16 March 2016}}
45. ^{{Citation|last =Gooneratne|first =Lankesh|title =Ekanayake scotches rumours|newspaper =Ceylon Today|date =2 February 2016|url =http://www.ceylontoday.lk/51-116880-news-detail-ekanayake-scotches-rumours.html|access-date =16 March 2016}}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }}
{{Sri Lankan political parties}}

4 : Political party alliances in Sri Lanka|United National Front for Good Governance|2001 establishments in Sri Lanka|2015 establishments in Sri Lanka
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