| 词条 | United National Liberation Front |
| 释义 |
| name | image = Bandera UNLF.svg | image_size = 200px | caption = Banner of the United National Liberation Front | formation = {{Start date and age|1964|11|24}} Armed since 1990; 24 years ago | leader_title = Chairperson | leader_name = Rajkumar Meghen alias Sana Yaima | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | leader_title3 = | leader_name3 = | leader_title4 = | leader_name4 = | abbreviation = UNLF | purpose = Sovereignty of Manipur | membership = 2,000 armed cadres (2005) | main_organ = Ningtam Meira (journal) | headquarters = Manipur | status = Banned }} The United National Liberation Front (UNLF), also known as the United National Liberation Front of Manipur,[1] is an insurgent group active in the state of Manipur in the Northeast India which aims at establishing a sovereign and socialist Manipur. BackgroundThe United Nation Liberation Front's movement manifested as a result of several similar movements of the same political agenda. The outfit was founded on 24 November 1964[1] with the following key personalities as its central committee members:
Ideology and Aim{{Quote box|width=15em|align=right|quote=UNLF have nothing to demand from the Government of India but instead it is fighting to regain the lost sovereignty [of Manipur].|source=UNLF[3]|salign=right}}The National Investigation Agency (NIA), in September 2012, acknowledged that "the activities carried out by the United National Liberation Front (UNLF) are for bringing sovereignty in the state of Manipur." The UNLF has viewed the statement as "a big political victory."[2] The UNLF chairperson, R. K. Meghan alias Sanayaima, has been charged for "waging war" against India by the NIA, but the UNLF leader has voiced that the UNLF does not view India or its army as enemies, and "the UNLF only resist the Indian armed forces stationed in Manipur and to resist those people who engaged in colonial repression."[2] Sanayaima believes that Manipur is "under martial law," and has questioned the character and worthiness of the elections that had been held in Manipur. He further believes that "the most democratic means to resolve conflict is plebiscite."[2] OrganisationThe UNLF is one of the oldest insurgent organisation in the Northeast India. E. N. Rammohan, the former Director General of the Border Security Force, once wrote, "Of the five major (Imphal) valley underground groups, the UNLF's ideology is by and large intact. The senior leadership is well educated and has good organisational control."[1] {{infobox war faction|name= Manipur People's Army |native_name= |native_name_lang= |war= Insurgency in Northeast India |image= |caption=Flag of the Manipur People's Army |active= November 24, 1964 – present (armed since 1990) |ideology= Manipuri nationalism Separatism Socialism |clans= |headquarters= Manipur |area= Northeast India |strength= 2,000 |previous= |next= |allies= |opponents= {{flagicon|India}} India[3] {{flagicon|Myanmar}} Myanmar |battles= |url= }} Manipur People's ArmyManipur People's Army was formed on 9 February 1987 as an Army Wing of UNLF. In 1991, the UNLF picked up arms, and its first armed action against IOF carried on 15 December of 1991 at Lamdan on a CRPF Convoy. In 2005, the strength of the MPA was estimated to about 2,000 armed cadres.[1] According to the UNLF, by 2005, the UNLF was engaged in battle against about 50,000 armed personnel from the Indian Army, that are deployed against the organisation in the forest regions of Manipur.[4] The cadres of the group are drawn largely from the Meiteis. The territory inhabited by the Nagas, consisting of four districts of Manipur, is the operating ground of Naga groups such as the NSCNs, who are predominantly Christian. The Imphal valley, consisting of four districts, is the operating ground of Meiteis groups such as PLA and PREPAK, who predominantly follow Vaishnav Hinduism. Strategy and TacticsThe UNLF is known to be heavily involved with Extortion, Arms Trading, and Income Generating Projects to finance their armed movements.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} They have several organized training camps within the northeast sector of India and the neighbouring countries of Myanmar and Bangladesh.{{citation needed|date=June 2014}} Ningtam Meira is the primary media outlet they use to make publications. Four–point proposal to Indian governmentThe UNLF had put forward four condiciones sine quibus non before the government of India if it is willing to initiate dialogue and ink a peace accord with the organisation, which are:[4]
Arrest of chairpersonOn 4 December 2010, Sanayaima was produced by the NIA, who claimed to have arrested Sanayaima from Motihari in Bihar; while, Sanayaima has proclaimed that he was abducted by the Bangladeshi agencies on 29 September 2010 and "handed over" to the agencies of India. Sanayaima has been booked by the NIA for "waging war against the Indian Union under section 120 (B) IPC, 121, 121 (A), 122 IPC and 16, 17, 18, 18 (A), 18 (B) & 20 Unlawful Activities Prevention Act, 1967 as amended in 2008."[5] After the arrest, he said that "in a multi-community region, the idea of peace cannot be achieved without considering the collateral damages of the secondary conflict that emerges out of the meaningless peace process."[13] {{Quotation|The Indian government ploy in the so called peace process in 'Western South East Asia' (WESIA) [Indian northeast region] is aimed at transforming the conflict between the peoples of the region with the government of India into a conflict between the peoples on ethnic lines.| Sanayaima, in 2012[6]}}Drawing inspiration from the "charged political atmosphere" during the "Naxalbari uprising", he had dropped out of the higher studies at the Jadavpur University in Kolkata, and "picked up a gun and vanished into the forest" about 4 decades ago; and had remained underground since then.[1] ControversiesCivil rights activist Babloo Loitongbom, said that "there was an allegation that certain members of the UNLF had raped 20 women. We formed a multi-ethnic fact finding team to go to the place. Unfortunately, we were not allowed to go inside the camp, we were not given any medical evidence."[7] See also{{Div col}}
References1. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite journal |title=A life roughed–out in the jungle |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp |author=Nitin A. Gokhale |publisher=Tehelka |location=Hong Kong |date=1 October 2005 |accessdate=22 June 2014 |journal=— |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304001603/http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105A_life_roughed.asp |archive-date=4 March 2016 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 2. ^1 2 3 {{cite newspaper|title=UNLF activities are for bringing sovereignty in Manipur |url=http://www.samachar.com/unlf-activities-are-for-bring-sovereignty-in-manipur-nia-mj4ci8chggb.html |newspaper=Imphal Free Press |publisher=Sify |date=28 September 2012 |accessdate=22 June 2014}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2015-08-02 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160110115355/http://www.nia.gov.in/banned_org.aspx |archivedate=10 January 2016 |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^1 {{cite journal |title=Want peace? travel the roads not taken |url=http://archive.tehelka.com/story_main14.asp?filename=Ne100105Want_peace.asp |author=Nitin A. Gokhale |publisher=Tehelka |location=Hong Kong |date=1 October 2005 |accessdate=23 June 2014}} 5. ^{{cite newspaper|title=Sanayaima to be produced in court |url=http://www.samachar.com/Sanayaima-to-be-produced-in-court-mixsONbhhai.html |newspaper=Imphal Free Press |publisher=Sify |date=22 August 2012 |accessdate=22 June 2014}} 6. ^1 {{cite newspaper|title=India transforming conflict on ethnic lines |url=http://www.samachar.com/India-transforming-conflict-on-ethnic-lines-mloiMEifiei.html |newspaper=Imphal Free Press |publisher=Sify |date=8 November 2012 |accessdate=22 June 2014}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://barandbench.com/content/212/%E2%80%9Cif-you-go-hunting-be-ready-meet-tiger%E2%80%9D-%E2%80%93-human-rights-activist-and-scholar-babloo|publisher=BarandBench|title="If you go hunting, be ready to meet the tiger" — Human rights activist and scholar, BablooLoitongbam}} External links
12 : 1964 establishments in India|Organisations designated as terrorist by India|Guerrilla organizations|Insurgency in Northeast India|Left-wing militant groups in India|Military units and formations established in 1990|National liberation movements|Ongoing insurgencies|Organisations based in Manipur|Separatism in India|Secessionist organizations in Asia|Volunteer organisations in India |
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