| 词条 | United Nations Medal | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = United Nations Medal | image = UNMEE medal.jpg | caption = United Nations Medal awarded for service with UNMEE | awarded_by = the United Nations | country = | type = Service medal | eligibility = | for = Service with a designated United Nations peacekeeping mission | campaign = | status = Currently awarded | description = | motto = | clasps = | post-nominals = | established = | first_award = | last_award = | total = | posthumous = | recipients = | precedence_label = | individual = | higher = | same = | lower = | related = | image2 = | caption2 = }}{{about|awards for participation in UN operations|the diplomatic and souvenir medal|United Nations Peace Medal}} A United Nations Medal is an international decoration awarded by the United Nations (UN) to the various world countries militaries for participation in joint international military and police operations such as peacekeeping, humanitarian efforts, and disaster relief.[1] The medal is ranked in militaries and police forces as a service medal. The United Nations awarded its first medal during the Korean War (1950-53). Since 1955, many additional United Nations medals have been created and awarded for participation in various United Nations missions and actions around the world. United Nations MedalThe most common United Nations medal is the standard UN decoration known simply as the United Nations Medal. Most countries bestow this award for any action in which a member of the military participated in a joint UN activity. In situations where a service member participated in multiple UN operations, service stars,[2] campaign clasps,[3] or award numbers are authorized as attachments to the United Nations Medal. These devices vary depending on the regulations of the various armed forces.[4] The UN has authorised the award of numerals to be attached to the medal ribbon. The qualification for these numerals is not to indicate the number of campaigns served in, but rather the number of qualifying periods of service, which are counted as 180 consecutive days after the initial qualifying period of ninety days. [5] United Nations Korea Medal{{main|United Nations Korea Medal}}The first United Nations medal to be created was the United Nations Service Medal, also known as the United Nations Service Medal Korea, was awarded to any military service member, of an Armed Force allied with South Korea, who participated in the defense of South Korea from North Korea between the dates of 27 June 1950 and 27 July 1953. The military forces of the Netherlands are awarded the medal for service to January 1, 1955, while the armed forces of Thailand and Sweden grant the award to July 27, 1955.[6] United Nations Emergency Force Medal{{main|United Nations Emergency Force Medal}}In 1956, to maintain the peace which brought the end of the Suez Crisis the United Nations Emergency Force was established. This was the first Peacekeeping operation of the United Nations.[7] To reward the service of troops from Brazil, Canada, Colombia, Denmark, India, Norway, Sweden and Yugoslavia those troops who completed ninety days of service with the UNEF were awarded the United Nations Emergency Force Medal. The mission lasted from November 1956 until June 1967.[8] It is unique from other United Nations Medals in that instead of saying UN on the obverse, it says UNEF. Subsequent missions did not use the missions abbreviation on its medals. United Nations Medal ribbonsIn most nations, the standard United Nations Medal is awarded in lieu of a campaign specific medal. Most operations utilize a different ribbon for each mission, though there have been some notable exceptions. In some countries where the UN Security Council determines a mission in the same geographic region, but changes the mission mandate by way of Security Council Resolution, there may be a number of missions which have identical campaign ribbons and then later will change the ribbon to reflect the changing environment. The United Nations Mission in Haiti (UNMIH) was originally established by United Nations Security Council Resolution 867 on 23 September 1993 and lasted until in June 1996. This mission was an effort to end the conflict and instability caused by the 1991 Haitian coup d'état. Subsequent missions to maintain stability and train the Haitian National Police were undertaken under UNSMIH, UNTMIH, MIPONUH, and MICAH. These subsequent missions all used the same medal as UNMIH.[9] In East Timor, the medals awarded for UNAMET, UNTAET and UNMISET all have the same ribbon.[10]
United Nations Special Service Medal{{main|United Nations Special Service Medal}}For 90 days of service with a United Nations mission or organization where there is no specific approved United Nations medal, personnel may be eligible for the United Nations Special Service Medal (UNSSM). Some examples of qualifying service are the United Nations Assistance Mission in Iraq, or the United Nations Department of Humanitarian Affairs Accelerated De-Mining Programme (MADP) in Mozambique. Receipt and wear of UN MedalsFrance, Australia, Canada and New ZealandSome nations, such as France, the Commonwealth of Australia, Canada and New Zealand permit members of the military and police to receive and display multiple United Nations Medals as separate decorations. United KingdomOther countries, in particular the United Kingdom, permit a service member to receive the relevant United Nations medal and authorization for it to be worn is given by the FCO (Foreign and Commonwealth Office), Numerals may be added to denote multiple tours to one mission, the medals are worn in order of award and take precedence alongside British campaign medals. United StatesIn the United States Armed Forces, prior to 13 October 1995, all US military personnel wore the blue and white United Nations Ribbon regardless of the ribbon awarded. On 13 October 1995, the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness) approved a change to the wear policy of the United Nations Medal. Effective on that date, personnel who are awarded the United Nations Medal may wear the first medal and ribbon for which they qualify, adding a bronze service star for subsequent awards of the United Nations Medal for service in a different mission. No more than one UN medal or ribbon may be worn at a time.[11][12] On US uniforms, the UN Medal is worn before the NATO Medal, except for the United Nations Korea Medal, which is worn as a campaign medal just before the Vietnam Campaign Medal. US military personnel are eligible to wear the medal from one of the following United Nations operations as their one approved medal:[13] {{columns-list|colwidth=30em|
ArgentinaMembers of the Argentinian Armed Forces are allowed to wear the different UN medals as separate decorations. However, authorization for use must be formally requested for every single medal, and is granted on an individual basis. Regulations for the use of either medals or ribbons apply for each uniform. In the Argentinian Army, a national-issued, maroon-and-white bar showing the number of tours of duty may be worn in lieu of (but not together with) the UN-issued ribbons. See also
References1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/sites/medals/index.html |title=UN peacekeeping - Medals: background |publisher=United Nations |date= |accessdate=7 May 2012}} 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Awards/un_peacekeeping.aspx |title=United Nations Medals |publisher=The Institute of Heraldry |date= |accessdate=24 June 2013 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130730235711/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Awards/un_peacekeeping.aspx |archive-date=30 July 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhr-ddhr/chc-tdh/chart-tableau-eng.asp?ref=UNMIH |title=DH&R - Canadian Honours Chart |publisher=Cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca |date= |accessdate=24 June 2013 |archive-url=https://www.webcitation.org/6HszfC1nJ?url=http://www.cmp-cpm.forces.gc.ca/dhr-ddhr/chc-tdh/chart-tableau-eng.asp?ref=UNMIH |archive-date=5 July 2013 |dead-url=yes |df=dmy-all }} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Retrospective Awards of the United Nations Medal and Ribbon Numerals|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/medals/Content/+030%20Current%20Issues%20and%20News/+030%20Newsletter/Newsletter%20Archive/Edition%20002%20DH&A_Newsletter.pdf|work=Defence Honours and Awards|publisher=Government of Australia Department of Defence|accessdate=24 June 2013|page=2}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=UN MEDAL RIBBON NUMERALS |url=http://www.peacekeepers.asn.au/newsitems/archive2010/news_126.htm|publisher=Australian Peacekeeper and Peacemaker Veteran's Association|accessdate=17 September 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Regulations United Nations Service Medal Korea|url=http://www.defence.gov.au/medals/Content/+040%20Campaign%20Medals/+050%201945-1975/+060%20UN%20Medal%20for%20Korea/UN%20Korea%201955%20rescan.pdf|publisher=Australian Government, Department of Defence|accessdate=24 June 2013}} 7. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.veterans.gc.ca/eng/collections/cmdp/mainmenu/group05/unef |title=United Nations Emergency Force (Egypt)-UNEF |publisher=Veterans Affairs Canada |date= |accessdate=21 September 2012 }}{{Dead link|date=July 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/sites/medals/unef.htm |title=UN Medals - UNEF |publisher=United Nations |date=16 June 1997 |accessdate=21 September 2012}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/sites/medals/unmih.htm |title=UN Medals - UNMIH |publisher=United Nations |date= |accessdate=24 June 2013}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/sites/medals/untaet.htm |title=UN Medals - UNAMET/UNTAET |publisher=United Nations |date= |accessdate=24 June 2013}} 11. ^{{cite web|title=United Nations Medals|url=http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15319&CategoryId=9399&grp=12&menu=Decorations%20and%20Medals&ps=24&p=0|website=The Institute of Heraldry|publisher=Department of the Army|accessdate=17 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160617045717/http://www.tioh.hqda.pentagon.mil/Catalog/Heraldry.aspx?HeraldryId=15319&CategoryId=9399&grp=12&menu=Decorations%20and%20Medals&ps=24&p=0|archive-date=2016-06-17|dead-url=yes|df=}} 12. ^{{cite web|title=United Nations Medal|url=http://www.afpc.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7840|publisher=Air Force Personnel Center|accessdate=17 May 2016|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160331222949/http://www.afpc.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet.asp?id=7840|archive-date=31 March 2016|dead-url=yes|df=dmy-all}} 13. ^{{cite web|title=DoD Approved UN Missions and Actions for Acceptance of the UN Medal|url=http://www.people.mil/Portals/56/Documents/oepm/DoD%20Approved%20UN%20Medals%20-%20Sep%202015.pdf|website=Manpower and Reserve Affairs The Office of the Assistant Secretary Defense|publisher=Department of Defense|accessdate=17 May 2016}} External links
2 : Medals of the United Nations|Orders, decorations, and medals related to service in East Timor |
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