| 词条 | Bannerghatta National Park | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
| name = Bannerghatta Biological Park | iucn_category = II | photo = Lurking tiger.jpg | photo_width = | photo_alt = | photo_caption = | map = India Karnataka | map_width = 225 | location = Karnataka, India | nearest_city = Bangalore | coordinates = {{coords|12|48|03|N|77|34|32|E|display=inline, title}} | established = 1974 | visitation_num = | visitation_year = | governing_body = Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India | url = http://bannerghattabiologicalpark.org | label = Bannerghatta Biological Park | label_position = right | area_km2 = 260.51 | administrator=The Executive Director, Bannerghatta Biological Park }} Bannerghatta National Park, near Bangalore, Karnataka, was founded in 1970 and declared as a national park in 1974.[1] In 2002 a portion of the park, became a biological reserve, the Bannerghatta Biological Park. It is a popular tourist destination with a zoo, a pet corner, an animal rescue centre, a butterfly enclosure, an aquarium, a snake house and a safari park.[2] There are ancient temples in the park for worship and it is a destination for trekking and hiking. The Zoo Authority of Karnataka, the University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, and the Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment (ATREE), Bangalore, are collaborating agencies. Within the national park area are six rural villages enclosed within three large enclosures for sheep and cattle farming.[3] This park offers a wide range of diverse wildlife to the exploradoras. Coming from the finest of Bengaluru, Karnataka, this park offers a guided bus tour all along the 6 km safari roads, which is specially made for safarists and foreign tourist gatherers. GeographyThe 65,127.5 acre (260.51 km2[3]) national park is located about 22 km south of Bangalore in the hills of the Anekal range with an elevation of 1245 - 1634m.[4] The park has a hilly terrain of granite sheets under moist deciduous forest valleys and scrubland on higher areas.[5] Sixteen villages border the park.[7] The park is part of a wildlife corridor for elephants which connects the BR Hills and the Sathyamangalam forest. The park is contiguous with Talli reserve forest in the southeast and Bilikal forest in the south.[6] Water sourcesThe park's rainfall is 700 mm per year. The Suvarnamukhi stream runs through the national park. On 15 May 2014, four bore wells were opened to provide water in dry times.[7] FloraFlora in the park include:[4] {{Div col|colwidth=18em}}
FaunaFauna in the park include:[4] {{div col|colwidth=18em}}
One hundred and one species of birds have been recorded in the park.[8] The fauna pose some risk to humans. In August 2012, a man was trampled to death by an elephant.[9] Occasionally, animals leave the reserve, coming into contact with humans. For example, elephants have been sighted on the Bantamweight-Anekal road which passes close to the park. In 2007, a leopard and her cubs entered a local school.[10] Illegal mining around Bannerghatta national parkThe park is threatened by multiple granite quarries operating around the national park.[11] These quarries are located alarmingly close to critical elephant corridors inside the national park such as Kardikal - Madeswara corridor.[12] While there is ban on mining and granite quarrying around the national park within a radius of One km from the boundary demarcated as “Safe Zone”, quarries operate unabatedly. Vehicular movement is also uncontrolled. Tremors from the explosives used in the quarry operations are felt across a radius of at least five km adversely affecting elephants and other wild animals.[13] Biological parkThe biological park is a zoological reserve named for Y. M. L Sharma, a Conservator of Forests of Karnataka, who petitioned for the creation of the park. It shelters mammals such as Indian tigers (including white tigers) and lions. SafariThe park offers safari excursions managed and supported by the Karnataka State Tourist Development Corporation (KSTDC). In late September 2013, the safari was closed for weeks due to an outbreak of foot and mouth disease among the herbivorous animals.[14] The safari separate sections for herbivores e.g. spotted dear and carnivores as bears, lions, white tigers and Bengal tigers. Elephant sanctuaryBannerghatta is the first biological park in India to have a fenced forested elephant sanctuary. A newly captured elephant was bought here. It was a herculean task to get such a huge animal to the national park. During offloading, it got stuck in the truck, cranes were called to ensure safety of this animal. Presence of elephant expert Carol Buckley made sure that chirag suffered no further troubles. His eating habits were also taken care of, which primarily includes grass. It is designed by elephant expert Carol Buckley and covers an area of 122 acres.[15] The fence is sponsored by animal rights organization People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) India, which raised funds of Rs. 1 crore for its installation. “The elephants are absolutely free to roam without human interference, and will be free of tussles with other wild elephants,” Manilal Valliyate, PETA India's Director of Veterinary Affairs was quoted saying in an interview to The Hindu.[16] According to a report published in Times of India, US elephant expert Margaret Whittaker came up with the innovative idea after visiting BBP last year. She gave the local mahouts training on 'protected contact' with the jumbos. This leads to safe interaction between human beings and elephants by keeping them separated while at the same time using positive techniques to manage the animals.[17] ZooThe biological park zoo has a small auditorium for showcasing special exhibits, a reptile park and a small theatre. In 1992, a fifteen-year-old tiger killed a five-year-old girl who was on safari with her family.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} The animal was relocated to the zoo.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} In 2003, authorities found evidence of embezzlement and animal neglect.{{Citation needed|date=June 2014}} Butterfly parkOn 25 November 2006, Kapil Sibal, the Union Minister of Science and Technology opened India's first butterfly enclosure at the park. It occupies {{convert|7.5|acre|m2}} and houses a butterfly conservatory, a museum, and an audiovisual room. The butterfly conservatory, a circular enclosure with a poly-carbonate roof, is 10,000 sq ft (1,000 m2). Within the conservatory, the environment has been designed to support over twenty species of butterfly. It is a humid tropical climate, with an artificial waterfall and appropriate flora to attract butterflies. The conservatory leads to a second and third dome, which house a museum containing dioramas and exhibits of carefully preserved butterflies. GalleryFile:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8528.JPG File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8522.JPG File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8422.JPG File:Saffari at Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8418.JPG File:Hippopotamus at Bannerghatta Park, Bangalore.JPG File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8556.JPG File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8712.JPG File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8546.JPG File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8532.JPG File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8526.JPG File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8524.JPG File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8550.JPG File:Snap from Bannerghatta National Park Bangalore 8527.JPG File:Leopard .jpg|Leopards File:Tiger - Bannerghatta National Park.jpg|Tiger y> See also
References1. ^"Bannerghatta National Park" Karnataka.com Accessed 23 May 2014. 2. ^"Bannerghatta Biological Park" Park website Accessed 23 May 2014. 3. ^Karnataka Government Gazette Notification vide No:FEE302 FWL2011-(11), Bangalore, dated:27-12-2011 [https://www.scribd.com/doc/82246216/Karnataka-Government-Efforts-to-Preserve-Wildlife-and-Forests-Near-National-Park-by-Fixing-Boundaries-2011] 4. ^1 2 "Bannerghatta National Park" Bengaloorutourism.com Accessed 24 May 2014. 5. ^"Bannerghatti national park" Arocha organisation website. Accessed 23 May 2014. 6. ^1 Brondizio E. and Moran E. [https://books.google.com/books?id=Iim0baRlWzcC&pg=PA131&dq=bannerghatta+national+park&hl=en&sa=X&ei=xVmAU8aoB8OKlQW2wYHYDA&ved=0CDQQ6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=bannerghatta%20national%20park&f=false "Human-Environment Interactions."] Springer, 2012 p131 {{ISBN|9400747802}}, 9789400747807. 7. ^"Bannerghatta National Park gets four bore wells to quench thirst of animals." The Hindu 15 May 2014. Accessed 24 May 2014. 8. ^Lepage D. "Bannerghatta National Park bird checklist" Avibase website. Accessed 24 May 2014. 9. ^Vattam S. "Bannerghatta National Park now open for trekking" newindianexpress.com 21 November 2012. Accessed 24 May 2014. 10. ^"Sights, sounds and smells from Bangalore: Leopards on prowl on Bannerghatta main road". Bangalorebuzz.blogspot.com 26 September 2007. Accessed 8 May 2014. 11. ^https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/save-bannerghatta-national-park-bengaluru-activists-approach-centre-78147 12. ^https://www.deccanchronicle.com/nation/current-affairs/210318/the-curious-case-of-the-disappearing-forest.html 13. ^http://www.newindianexpress.com/states/karnataka/2018/mar/18/protect-bannerghatta-buffer-zone-from-quarrying-activists-1788826.html 14. ^1 Khanna B. "Safari closed in Bannerghatta zoo due to foot and mouth disease." Bangalore Citizen Accessed 24 May 2014. 15. ^{{cite web |title=PETA, BPA to Create Fenced Forested Sanctuary Together|url=http://www.newindianexpress.com/cities/bengaluru/PETA-BPA-to-Create-Fenced-Forested-Sanctuary-Together/2015/01/30/article2644019.ece|publisher=The New Indian Express|date=30 January 2015}} 16. ^{{cite web|title=PETA builds electric fence for elephants|url=http://www.thehindu.com/news/cities/bangalore/elephants-get-a-larger-expanse-to-roam/article6836688.ece|publisher=The Hindu|date=29 January 2015}} 17. ^{{cite web |title=Bengaluru to house first fenced elephant sanctuary|url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/home/environment/flora-fauna/Bengaluru-to-house-first-fenced-elephant-sanctuary/articleshow/46059586.cms?|publisher=Times of India|date=30 January 2015}} External links{{Commons category|Bannerghatta National Park}}
7 : National parks in Karnataka|Protected areas established in 1974|Important Bird Areas of India|South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests|1974 establishments in India|Tourist attractions in Bangalore|Elephant reserves of India |
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