“United States Assistant Secretary of State”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

United States Assistant Secretary of State

释义

Current Assistant Secretaries of State
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Management Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights Reporting directly to the Secretary of State
List of Assistant Secretaries of State, 1853–1937
Second Assistant Secretary of State
Third Assistant Secretary of State
Defunct offices including the designation of Assistant Secretary of State
See also
References
External links

Assistant Secretary of State (A/S) is a title used for many executive positions in the United States Department of State, ranking below the Under Secretaries.^[1] A set of six Assistant Secretaries reporting to the Under Secretary for Political Affairs manage diplomatic missions within their designated geographic regions, plus one Assistant Secretary dealing with international organizations. Assistant Secretaries usually manage individual bureaus of the Department of State. When the manager of a bureau or another agency holds a title other than Assistant Secretary, such as "Director," it can be said to be of "Assistant Secretary equivalent rank." Assistant Secretaries typically have a set of deputies, referred to as Deputy Assistant Secretaries (DAS).

From 1853 until 1913, the Assistant Secretary of State was the second-ranking official within the U.S. Department of State. Prior to 1853, the Chief Clerk was the second-ranking officer, and after 1913, the Counselor was the second-ranking position, though the Assistant Secretary continued to be a position until 1924. From 1867, the Assistant Secretary of State was assisted by a Second Assistant Secretary of State, and from 1875, by a Third Assistant Secretary of State. Specific duties of the incumbents varied over the years and included such responsibilities as supervising the Diplomatic and Consular Bureaus, general supervision of correspondence, consular appointments, administration of the Department, and supervision of economic matters and various geographic divisions.

Today, the title of the second-ranking position is the Deputy Secretary of State, with the next tier of State Department officials bearing the rank of Under Secretary of State.

The following is a list of current offices bearing the title of "Assistant Secretary of State":

Reporting directly to the United States Secretary of State:
- Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research
- Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs:
- Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Management:
- Assistant Secretary of State for Administration
- Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for Diplomatic Security
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment:
- Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for Energy Resources
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs:
- Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for International Information Programs
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs:
- Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation
- Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights:
- Assistant Secretary of State for Conflict and Stabilization Operations
- Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor
- Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs
- Assistant Secretary of State for Population, Refugees, and Migration

The following roles also possess a rank equivalent to Assistant Secretary:^[2]^[3]^[4]

Chief of Protocol of the United States
Coordinator for Counterterrorism
Executive Secretary of the Department of State
Inspector General of the Department of State
Legal Adviser of the Department of State
Director General of the Foreign Service
Director of Policy Planning
United States Ambassador-at-Large for Global Women's Issues
United States Ambassador-at-Large for War Crimes Issues
United States Ambassador-at-Large to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons
United States Global AIDS Coordinator

Current Assistant Secretaries of State

Office	Incumbent	Term began
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs
Assistant Secretary of State for African Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0120.html 1 FAM 121]}}	{{center\|Tibor P. Nagy}}	July 23, 2018
Assistant Secretary of State for East Asian and Pacific Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0120.html 1 FAM 131]}}	W. Patrick Murphy	{{small>Acting}}
Assistant Secretary of State for European and Eurasian Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0140.html 1 FAM 141]}}	{{center\|A. Wess Mitchell}}	October 12, 2017
Assistant Secretary of State for Near Eastern Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0160.html 1 FAM 161]}}	{{center\|David M. Satterfield}}	{{small>Acting}}
Assistant Secretary of State for South and Central Asian Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0170.html 1 FAM 171]}}	{{center\|Alice Wells}}	{{small>Acting}}
Assistant Secretary of State for Western Hemisphere Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0150.html 1 FAM 151]}}	{{center\|Francisco Palmieri}}	{{small>Acting}}
Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0330.html 1 FAM 331]}}	{{center\|Kevin Moley}}	March 26, 2018
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment
Assistant Secretary of State for Economic and Business Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0420.html 1 FAM 421]}}	{{center\|Manisha Singh}}	November 2017
Assistant Secretary of State for Oceans and International Environmental and Scientific Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0540.html 1 FAM 541]}}	{{center\|Judith G. Garber}}	{{small>Acting}}
Assistant Secretary of State for Energy Resources {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0460.html 1 FAM 461]}}	{{center\|Francis R. Fannon}}	May 29, 2018
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security
Assistant Secretary of State for Arms Control, Verification, and Compliance {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0440.html 1 FAM 441]}}	{{center\|Yleem Poblete}}	April 30, 2018
Assistant Secretary of State for International Security and Nonproliferation {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0450.html 1 FAM 451]}}	{{center\|Christopher Ashley Ford}}	January 9, 2018
Assistant Secretary of State for Political-Military Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0410.html 1 FAM 411]}}	{{center\|Tina Kaidanow}}	{{small>Acting}}
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs
Assistant Secretary of State for Public Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0320.html 1 FAM 321]}}	{{center\|Michelle Giuda}}	February 3, 2018
Assistant Secretary of State for Educational and Cultural Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0340.html 1 FAM 341]}}	{{center\|Marie Royce}}	March 30, 2018
Coordinator for International Information Programs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0350.html 1 FAM 353]}}	{{center\|Jonathan Henick}}	{{small>Acting}}
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Management
Assistant Secretary of State for Administration {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0210.html 1 FAM 211]}}	{{center\|Harry Mahar}}	{{small>Acting}}
Assistant Secretary of State for Consular Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0250.html 1 FAM 251]}}	{{center\|Carl Risch}}	August 11, 2017
Assistant Secretary of State for Diplomatic Security {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0260.html 1 FAM 261]}}	{{center\|Michael Evanoff}}	November 2017
Director General of the Foreign Service {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0230.html 1 FAM 231]}}	{{center\|William E. Todd}}	{{small>Acting}}
Director of the Foreign Service Institute {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0290.html 1 FAM 291]}}	{{center\|Marc Ostfield}}	{{small>Acting}}
Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights
Assistant Secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0510.html 1 FAM 511]}}	Vacant^[5]
Assistant Secretary of State for Population, Refugees, and Migration {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0520.html 1 FAM 521]}}	{{center\|Simon Henshaw}}	{{small>Acting}}
Assistant Secretary of State for International Narcotics and Law Enforcement Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0530.html 1 FAM 531]}}	{{center\|Kirsten D. Madison}}	May 11, 2018
Assistant Secretary of State for Conflict and Stabilization Operations {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0470.html 1 FAM 471]}}	{{center\|Thomas Hushek}}	{{small>Acting}}
Coordinator for Counterterrorism {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0480.html 1 FAM 481]}}	{{center\|Nathan Sales}}	August 10, 2017
Reporting directly to the Secretary of State
Assistant Secretary of State for Legislative Affairs {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0310.html 1 FAM 311]}}	{{center\|Mary Kirtley Waters}}	December 20, 2017
Assistant Secretary of State for Intelligence and Research {{small\|[https://fam.state.gov/FAM/01FAM/01FAM0430.html 1 FAM 431]}}	{{center\|Daniel B. Smith}}	February 14, 2014

List of Assistant Secretaries of State, 1853–1937

#	Picture	Name	State of residency	Term of office	President(s) served under
1	Ambrose Dudley Mann	Virginia	March 23, 1853 – May 8, 1855	Franklin Pierce	William L. Marcy
2	William Hunter^[6]	Rhode Island	May 9, 1855 – October 31, 1855	Franklin Pierce	William L. Marcy
3	John Addison Thomas	New York	November 1, 1855 – April 3, 1857	Franklin Pierce James Buchanan	William L. Marcy Lewis Cass
4	John Appleton	Maine	April 4, 1857 – June 10, 1860	James Buchanan	Lewis Cass
5	William H. Trescot	South Carolina	June 8, 1860 – December 20, 1860	James Buchanan	Lewis Cass Jeremiah S. Black
6	Frederick W. Seward	New York	March 6, 1861 – March 4, 1869	Abraham Lincoln Andrew Johnson	William H. Seward
7	J.C. Bancroft Davis	New York	March 25, 1869 – November 13, 1871	Ulysses S. Grant	Hamilton Fish
8	Charles Hale	Massachusetts	February 19, 1872 – January 24, 1873	Ulysses S. Grant	Hamilton Fish
9	J.C. Bancroft Davis	New York	January 24, 1873 – January 30, 1874	Ulysses S. Grant	Hamilton Fish
10	John Lambert Cadwalader	New York	June 17, 1874 – March 20, 1877	Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes	Hamilton Fish William M. Evarts
11	Frederick W. Seward	New York	March 16, 1877 – October 31, 1879	Rutherford B. Hayes	William M. Evarts
12	John Hay	Ohio	November 1, 1879 – May 3, 1881	Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield	William M. Evarts James G. Blaine
13	Robert R. Hitt	Illinois	May 4, 1881 – December 19, 1881	James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur	James G. Blaine
14	J.C. Bancroft Davis	New York	December 19, 1881 – July 7, 1882	Chester A. Arthur	Frederick T. Frelinghuysen
15	John Davis	Washington, D.C.	July 7, 1882 – February 23, 1885	Chester A. Arthur	Frederick T. Frelinghuysen
16	James D. Porter	Tennessee	March 20, 1885 – September 17, 1887	Grover Cleveland	Thomas F. Bayard
17	George L. Rives	New York	November 19, 1887 – March 5, 1889	Grover Cleveland	Thomas F. Bayard
18	William F. Wharton^[7]	Massachusetts	April 2, 1889 – March 20, 1893	Benjamin Harrison Grover Cleveland	James G. Blaine John W. Foster Walter Q. Gresham
19	Josiah Quincy	Massachusetts	March 20, 1893 – September 22, 1893	Grover Cleveland	Walter Q. Gresham
20	Edwin F. Uhl^[7]	Michigan	November 1, 1893 – February 11, 1896	Grover Cleveland	Walter Q. Gresham Richard Olney
21	William Woodville Rockhill	Maryland	February 11, 1896 – May 10, 1897	Grover Cleveland William McKinley	Richard Olney John Sherman
22	William R. Day	Ohio	May 3, 1897 – April 27, 1898	William McKinley	John Sherman
23	John B. Moore	New York	April 27, 1898 – September 16, 1898	William McKinley	William R. Day
24	David J. Hill	New York	October 25, 1898 – January 28, 1903	William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt	John Hay
25	Francis B. Loomis^[7]	Ohio	January 7, 1903 – October 10, 1905	Theodore Roosevelt	John Hay Elihu Root
26	Robert Bacon	New York	September 5, 1905 – January 27, 1909	Theodore Roosevelt	Elihu Root
27	John Callan O'Laughlin	Washington, D.C.	January 27, 1909 – March 5, 1909	Theodore Roosevelt	Robert Bacon
28	Huntington Wilson	Illinois	March 5, 1909 – March 19, 1913	William Howard Taft Woodrow Wilson	Philander C. Knox William Jennings Bryan
29	John E. Osborne	Wyoming	April 21, 1913 – December 14, 1916	Thomas Woodrow Wilson	William Jennings Bryan Robert Lansing
30	William Phillips	Massachusetts	January 24, 1917 – March 25, 1920	Thomas Woodrow Wilson	Robert Lansing Bainbridge Colby
31	Fred Morris Dearing	Missouri	March 11, 1921 – February 28, 1922	Warren G. Harding	Charles Evans Hughes
32	Leland B. Harrison	Illinois	March 31, 1922 – June 30, 1924	Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge	Charles Evans Hughes
32	Wilbur J. Carr	Ohio	July 1, 1924 – July 28, 1937	Calvin Coolidge Herbert Hoover Franklin Roosevelt	Charles Evans Hughes Frank B. Kellogg Henry L. Stimson Cordell Hull

Second Assistant Secretary of State

The Consular and Diplomatic Appropriations Act for the year ending June 30, 1867 authorized the President to appoint a Second Assistant Secretary of State. Duties of incumbents varied less over the years than did those of the other Assistant Secretary positions. Responsibilities included: supervision of correspondence with diplomatic officers; preparation of drafts of treaties, conventions, diplomatic notes, and instructions; detailed treatment of current diplomatic and political questions; approval of correspondence for the signature of the Secretary or Acting Secretary; and consultation on matters of diplomatic procedure, international law and policy, and traditional practices of the Department. The Foreign Service Act of 1924 abolished numerical titles for Assistant Secretaries of State. Only two people held the position from 1866 to 1924.

#	Picture	Name	State of Residency	Term of Office	President(s) served under	Secretary of State(s) served under
1	William Hunter	Rhode Island	July 27, 1866 - July 22, 1886	Andrew Johnson Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur Grover Cleveland	William H. Seward Elihu Benjamin Washburne Hamilton Fish William Maxwell Evarts James Gillespie Blaine Frederick Theodore Frelinghuysen Thomas F. Bayard, Sr.
2	Alvey A. Adee	District of Columbia	August 3, 1886 - June 30, 1924	Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison William McKinley Theodore Roosevelt William Howard Taft Thomas Woodrow Wilson Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge	Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. James Gillespie Blaine John Watson Foster Walter Quintin Gresham Richard Olney John Sherman William Rufus Day John Milton Hay Elihu Root Robert Bacon Philander Chase Knox William Jennings Bryan Robert Lansing Bainbridge Colby Charles Evans Hughes

Third Assistant Secretary of State

A Federal appropriations act for the year ending Jun 30, 1875 (Jun 20, 1874; 18 Stat. 90), authorized the President to appoint a Third Assistant Secretary of State. The Secretary of State was authorized to prescribe the duties of the Assistant Secretaries and other Department of State employees, "and may make changes and transfers therein when, in his judgment, it becomes necessary." The Third Assistant Secretary's duties varied over the years, including such diverse assignments as: supervision of several geographic divisions; oversight of the Bureaus of Accounts and Appointments; international conferences and commissions; and ceremonials and protocol, including presentation to the President of chiefs of foreign diplomatic missions. The Foreign Service Act of 1924 (May 24, 1924; 43 Stat 146) abolished numerical titles for Assistant Secretaries of State.

#	Picture	Name	State of Residency	Term of Office	President(s) served under
1	John Allen Campbell	Wyoming	February 24, 1875 - November 30, 1877	Ulysses S. Grant Rutherford B. Hayes	Hamilton Fish William M. Evarts
2	Charles Payson	Massachusetts, New York	June 22, 1878 - June 30, 1881	Rutherford B. Hayes James A. Garfield	William M. Evarts James G. Blaine
3	Walker Blaine	Maine	July 1, 1881 - June 30, 1882	James A. Garfield Chester A. Arthur	James G. Blaine Frederick T. Frelinghuysen
4	Alvey A. Adee	District of Columbia	July 18, 1882 - August 5, 1886	Chester A. Arthur Grover Cleveland	Frederick T. Frelinghuysen Thomas F. Bayard, Sr.
5	John Bassett Moore	Delaware, New York	August 6, 1886 - September 30, 1891	Grover Cleveland Benjamin Harrison	Thomas F. Bayard, Sr. James G. Blaine
6	William Morton Grinnell	New York	February 15, 1892 - April 16, 1893	Benjamin Harrison Grover Cleveland	James G. Blaine John W. Foster
7	Edward Henry Strobel	New York	April 17, 1893 - April 16, 1894	Grover Cleveland	Walter Q. Gresham
8	William Woodville Rockhill	District of Columbia, Maryland	April 17, 1894 - February 13, 1896	Grover Cleveland	Walter Q. Gresham Richard Olney
9	William Woodward Baldwin	New York	February 29, 1896 - April 1, 1897	Grover Cleveland, William McKinley	Richard Olney John Sherman
10	Thomas Wilbur Cridler	West Virginia	April 8, 1897 - November 15, 1901	William McKinley	John Sherman William R. Day John Hay
11	Herbert Henry Davis Peirce	Massachusetts	November 16, 1901 - June 22, 1906	Theodore Roosevelt	John Hay Elihu Root
12	Huntington Wilson	Illinois	July 2, 1906 - December 30, 1908	Theodore Roosevelt	Elihu Root
13	William Phillips	Massachusetts	January 11, 1909 - October 13, 1909	Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft	Elihu Root Robert Bacon Philander C. Knox
14	Chandler Hale	Maine	October 14, 1909 - April 21, 1913	William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson	Philander C. Knox William Jennings Bryan
15	Dudley Field Malone	New York	April 22, 1913 - November 22, 1913	Woodrow Wilson	William Jennings Bryan
16	William Phillips	Massachusetts	March 17, 1914 - January 24, 1917	Woodrow Wilson	William Jennings Bryan Robert Lansing
17	Breckinridge Long	Massachusetts	January 29, 1917 - June 8, 1920	Woodrow Wilson	Robert Lansing Bainbridge Colby
18	Van Santvoord Merle-Smith	New York	June 24, 1920 - March 4, 1921	Woodrow Wilson	Bainbridge Colby
19	Robert Woods Bliss	New York	March 16, 1921 - May 3, 1923	Warren G. Harding	Charles Evans Hughes
20	J. Butler Wright	Wyoming	June 11, 1923 - June 30, 1924	Warren G. Harding Calvin Coolidge	Charles Evans Hughes

Defunct offices including the designation of Assistant Secretary of State

Assistant Secretary of State for Occupied Areas

References

1. ^{{cite web|title=Assistant Secretaries and Other Senior Officials|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/title/as/|publisher=U.S. Department of State|date=January 26, 2017|accessdate=January 26, 2017}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Assistant Secretaries and Equivalent Rank|url=http://2001-2009.state.gov/r/pa/ei/biog/c7649.htm|date=January 20, 2009|accessdate=April 4, 2016|publisher=U.S. Department of State}}
3. ^{{cite web|title=Department Organization Chart|url=https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/dos/99494.htm|date=March 2014|accessdate=April 4, 2016|publisher=U.S. Department of State}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Career vs. Other Appointments: Assistant Secretary Equivalents|url=http://www.afsa.org/career-vs-other-appointments-assistant-secretary-equivalents|publisher=American Foreign Service Association|date=November 16, 2017|access-date=December 13, 2017}}
5. ^{{cite web|title=Leadership|url=https://www.state.gov/j/drl/about/index.htm|publisher=U.S. Department of State|access-date=March 16, 2018}}
6. ^Served as Acting Secretary of State, but not during term as Assistant Secretary of State.
7. ^¹²Served as Acting Secretary of State

External links

[https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ei/rls/dos/436.htm The Department of State's organization page].
[https://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/po/c1791.htm The Department of State's list of current or former positions and titles].
[https://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/officers/asec5324.html The Department of State's list of Assistant Secretaries of State during the time it was the second-ranking position].
[https://www.state.gov/www/about_state/history/officers/sasec.html The Department of State's list of Second Assistant Secretaries of State during the time it was the third-ranking position].
[https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/principalofficers/assistant-secretary2 Assistant Secretaries of State]

{{United States Department of State}}{{United States Assistant Secretaries of State}}{{DEFAULTSORT:United States Assistant Secretary Of State}}

4 : United States Assistant Secretaries of State|United States Department of State|1867 establishments in the United States|1924 disestablishments

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Current Assistant Secretaries of State

Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs

Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Economic Growth, Energy, and the Environment

Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security

Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Public Diplomacy and Public Affairs

Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Management

Reporting to the Under Secretary of State for Civilian Security, Democracy, and Human Rights