“United States congressional delegations from Montana”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Since Montana became a U.S. state in 1889, it has sent congressional delegations to the United States Senate and the United States House of Representatives. Each state elects two senators to serve for six years. Before the Seventeenth Amendment took effect in 1913, senators were elected by the Montana State Legislature. Members of the House of Representatives are elected to two-year terms, one from Montana's at-large congressional district. Before becoming a state, the Territory of Montana elected a non-voting delegate at-large to Congress from 1864 to 1889.

A total of 54 people have served either the Territory or State of Montana: 17 in the Senate, 32 in the House, and five in both houses. The longest-serving senator is Max Baucus, in office from 1978 to 2014. The longest-serving representative is Pat Williams, in office for 18 years from 1979 to 1997. One woman has been a member of Montana's congressional delegation, Jeannette Rankin, as a representative. She was the first woman in the United States Congress.

United States Senate

Each state elects two senators by statewide popular vote every six years. The terms of the two senators are staggered so that they are not elected in the same year. Montana's senators are elected in the years from classes I and II. Senators were originally chosen by the Montana House of Representatives until the Seventeenth Amendment came into force in 1913.^[1]^[2]

There have been twenty-two senators elected from Montana, of whom fourteen have been Democrats and eight have been Republicans. Montana's current senators are Democratic Jon Tester, in office since 2007, and Steve Daines, in office since 2015. Tester was re-elected in 2012 with 48.58% of the vote,^[3] and Daines was elected in 2014 with 57.9% of the vote.^[4]

Class I Senators

Congress

Class II Senators

Wilbur F. Sanders (R)

51st (1889–1891)

Thomas Charles Power (R)

52nd (1891–1893)

Vacant ^[5]

53rd (1893–1895)

Lee Mantle^[6](R)

54th (1895–1897)

Thomas H. Carter (R)

55th (1897–1899)

William A. Clark^[7]

56th (1899–1901)

Paris Gibson^[8] (D)

57th (1901–1903)

William A. Clark (D)

58th (1903–1905)

Thomas H. Carter (R)

59th (1905–1907)

60th (1907–1909)

Joseph M. Dixon (R)

61st (1909–1911)

Henry L. Myers (D)

62nd (1911–1913)

63rd (1913–1915)

Thomas J. Walsh^[9] (D)

64th (1915–1917)

65th (1917–1919)

66th (1919–1921)

67th (1921–1923)

Burton K. Wheeler (D)

68th (1923–1925)

69th (1925–1927)

70th (1927–1929)

71st (1929–1931)

72nd (1931–1933)

73rd (1933–1935)

John E. Erickson^[10] (D)

James E. Murray (D)

74th (1935–1937)

75th (1937–1939)

76th (1939–1941)

77th (1941–1943)

78th (1943–1945)

79th (1945–1947)

Zales N. Ecton (R)

80th (1947–1949)

81st (1949–1951)

82nd (1951–1953)

Michael J. Mansfield (D)

83rd (1953–1955)

84th (1955–1957)

85th (1957–1959)

86th (1959–1961)

87th (1961–1963)

Lee Metcalf^[9] (D)

88th (1963–1965)

89th (1965–1967)

90th (1967–1969)

91st (1969–1971)

92nd (1971–1973)

93rd (1973–1975)

94th (1975–1977)

John Melcher (D)

95th (1977–1979)

Paul G. Hatfield^[10] (D)

Max Baucus (D)^[11]

96th (1979–1981)

97th (1981–1983)

98th (1983–1985)

99th (1985–1987)

100th (1987–1989)

Conrad Burns (R)

101st (1989–1991)

102nd (1991–1993)

103rd (1993–1995)

104th (1995–1997)

105th (1997–1999)

106th (1999–2001)

107th (2001–2003)

108th (2003–2005)

109th (2005–2007)

Jon Tester (D)

110th (2007–2009)

111th (2009–2011)

112th (2011–2013)

113th (2013–2015)

John Walsh (D)^[10]

114th (2015–2017)

Steve Daines (R)

115th (2017–2019)

116th (2019–2021)

House of Representatives

Delegates from Montana Territory

The Territory of Montana was an organized incorporated territory of the United States formed on May 26, 1864. The territory initially consisted of present-day Montana. The boundaries of the territory did not change during its existence.

The territorial delegates were elected to two-year terms. Delegates were allowed to serve on committees, debate, and submit legislation, but were not permitted to vote on bills.^[12] Delegates only served in the House of Representatives as there was no representation in the Senate until Montana became a state.

Congress

Delegate

38th (1863–1865)

Samuel McLean (D)

39th (1865–1867)

40th (1867–1869)

James M. Cavanaugh (D)

41st (1869–1871)

42nd (1871–1873)

William H. Clagett

43rd (1873–1875)

Martin Maginnis (D)

44th (1875–1877)

45th (1877–1879)

46th (1879–1881)

47th (1881–1883)

48th (1883–1885)

49th (1885–1887)

Joseph Toole (D)

50th (1887–1889)

51st (1889–1891)

Thomas H. Carter (R)

Members of the United States House of Representatives

Members of the House of Representatives are elected every two years by popular vote within a congressional district.^[13] Montana currently has an at-large congressional district that represent the entire state. Every ten years, the number of congressional districts is reapportioned based on the state's population as determined by the United States Census;^[14] Montana had had two districts from 1913 to 1993.

There have been 34 people, including just one woman, who have served as representatives from Montana: 15 Democrats, 18 Republicans and 1 Populist. Greg Gianforte is the current officeholder.

Congress

At-large seats

Montana|AL|1st seat

Montana|AL|2nd seat

51st
(1889–1891)

Thomas H. Carter (R)

52nd
(1891–1893)

William W. Dixon (D)

53rd
(1893–1895)

Charles S. Hartman (R)

54th
(1895–1897)

55th
(1897–1899)

56th
(1899–1901)

Albert J. Campbell (D)

57th
(1901–1903)

Caldwell Edwards (Pop)

58th
(1903–1905)

Joseph M. Dixon (R)

59th
(1905–1907)

60th
(1907–1909)

Charles N. Pray (R)

61st
(1909–1911)

62nd
(1911–1913)

63rd
(1913–1915)

John M. Evans (D)

Tom Stout (D)

64th
(1915–1917)

65th
(1917–1919)

Jeannette Rankin (R)

District

Montana|1|1st

Montana|2|2nd

66th
(1919–1921)

John M. Evans (D)

Carl W. Riddick (R)

67th
(1921–1923)

Washington J. McCormick (R)

68th
(1923–1925)

John M. Evans (D)

Scott Leavitt (R)

69th
(1925–1927)

70th
(1927–1929)

71st
(1929–1931)

72nd
(1931–1933)

73rd
(1933–1935)

Joseph P. Monaghan (D)

Roy E. Ayers (D)

74th
(1935–1937)

75th
(1937–1939)

Jerry J. O'Connell (D)

James F. O'Connor (D)

76th
(1939–1941)

Jacob Thorkelson (R)

77th
(1941–1943)

Jeannette Rankin (R)

78th
(1943–1945)

Mike Mansfield (D)

79th
(1945–1947)

Wesley A. D'Ewart (R)

80th
(1947–1949)

81st
(1949–1951)

82nd
(1951–1953)

83rd
(1953–1955)

Lee Metcalf (D)

84th
(1955–1957)

Orvin B. Fjare (R)

85th
(1957–1959)

LeRoy H. Anderson (D)

86th
(1959–1961)

87th
(1961–1963)

Arnold Olsen (D)

James Franklin Battin (R)

88th
(1963–1965)

89th
(1965–1967)

90th
(1967–1969)

91st
(1969–1971)

John Melcher (D)

92nd
(1971–1973)

Richard G. Shoup (R)

93rd
(1973–1975)

94th
(1975–1977)

Max Baucus (D)

95th
(1977–1979)

Ron Marlenee (R)

96th
(1979–1981)

Pat Williams (D)

97th
(1981–1983)

98th
(1983–1985)

99th
(1985–1987)

100th
(1987–1989)

101st
(1989–1991)

102nd
(1991–1993)

Montana|1|At-large seat

103rd
(1993–1995)

Pat Williams (D)

104th
(1995–1997)

105th
(1997–1999)

Rick Hill (R)

106th
(1999–2001)

107th
(2001–2003)

Dennis Rehberg (R)

108th
(2003–2005)

109th
(2005–2007)

110th
(2007–2009)

111th
(2009–2011)

112th
(2011–2013)

113th
(2013–2015)

Steve Daines (R)

114th
(2015–2017)

Ryan Zinke (R)

115th
(2017–2019)

Greg Gianforte (R)

116th
(2019–2021)

Footnotes

1. ^U.S. Const. Art. I, § 3
2. ^U.S. Const. Amendment XVII
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2012/2012_General_Canvass.pdf | title=2012 Statewide General Election Canvass, United States Senator | publisher=State of Montana | format=PDF | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160705235441/http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2012/2012_General_Canvass.pdf | archivedate=2016-07-05 | df= }}
4. ^{{cite web | url=http://sos.mt.gov/elections/2014/2014-General-Official-Statewide-Canvass.pdf | title=2014 Statewide General Election Canvass, United States Senator | publisher=State of Montana | format=PDF }}
5. ^Seat was vacant due to failure of legislature to elect a senator by the beginning of the congress.
6. ^Lee Mantle was appointed to fill the vacancy, but was not seated; he was later elected to the term.
7. ^The Senate refused to seat Clark after it was revealed that he had gained the seat through bribery
8. ^Elected to fill the vacancy caused by the previous representative being elected to the next term, but vacating the seat before the term began.
9. ^¹Died in office.
10. ^¹²Was appointed to the office, and was later replaced by an elected successor.
11. ^Resigned
12. ^{{cite web | url=https://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/155017.pdf | title=Delegates to the U.S. Congress: History and Current Status | publisher=Congressional Research Service | format=PDF | accessdate=January 17, 2011}}
13. ^U.S. Const. Art. I, § 2
14. ^{{cite web | url=http://factfinder.census.gov/jsp/saff/SAFFInfo.jsp?_pageId=sp4_decennial&_submenuId= | title=Decennial Census | publisher=American FactFinder | accessdate=May 13, 2010 | deadurl=yes | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100611154656/http://factfinder.census.gov/jsp/saff/SAFFInfo.jsp?_pageId=sp4_decennial&_submenuId= | archivedate=June 11, 2010 | df= }}

Living former Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Montana

Representative

Term of office

District

Date of birth (and age)

Max Baucus

1975–1978

1st

mf=yes|1941|12|11}}

Ron Marlenee

1977–1993

2nd

mf=yes|1935|8|8}}

Pat Williams

1979–1997

1st (1979–1993)
At-large (1993–1997)

mf=yes|1937|10|30}}

Rick Hill

1997–2001

At-large

mf=yes|1946|12|30}}

Denny Rehberg

2001–2013

At-large

mf=yes|1955|10|5}}

Steve Daines

2013–2015

At-large

mf=yes|1962|8|20}}

Ryan Zinke

2015–2017

At-large

mf=yes|1961|11|1}}

Senator

Term of office

Class

Date of birth (and age)

Max Baucus

1978–2014

mf=yes|1941|12|11}}

John Walsh

2014–2015

mf=yes|1960|11|3}}

United States Senate

House of Representatives

Delegates from Montana Territory

Members of the United States House of Representatives

Footnotes

Living former Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Montana

Living former U.S. Senators from Montana

References