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词条 United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
释义

  1. Current composition of the court

  2. List of former judges

  3. Chief judges

  4. Succession of seats

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Infobox U.S. federal court
| court_type = circuit
| court_name = United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
| abbreviation = 7th Cir.
| seal = Seal of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.svg
| seal_size = 150
| map_image_name = File:7th Circuit map.svg
| map_image_width =
| map_image_caption =
| courthouse = Everett McKinley Dirksen U.S. Courthouse
| location = Chicago, Illinois
| appeals_from = Central District of Illinois
| appeals_from1 = Northern District of Illinois
| appeals_from2 = Southern District of Illinois
| appeals_from3 = Northern District of Indiana
| appeals_from4 = Southern District of Indiana
| appeals_from5 = Eastern District of Wisconsin
| appeals_from6 = Western District of Wisconsin
| established = June 16, 1891
| judges_assigned = 11
| circuit_justice = Brett Kavanaugh
| chief = Diane Wood
| official_site = {{URL|http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/}}
}}

The United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit (in case citations, 7th Cir.) is a federal court with appellate jurisdiction over the courts in the following districts:

  • Central District of Illinois
  • Northern District of Illinois
  • Southern District of Illinois
  • Northern District of Indiana
  • Southern District of Indiana
  • Eastern District of Wisconsin
  • Western District of Wisconsin

The court is based at the Dirksen Federal Building in Chicago, Illinois and is composed of eleven appellate judges. It is one of thirteen United States courts of appeals.

The court offers a relatively unique internet presence that includes wiki and RSS feeds of opinions and oral arguments.[1] It is also notable for having one of the most prominent law and economics scholars, Judge Frank H. Easterbrook, on its court.[2] Richard Posner, another prominent law and economics scholar, also served on this court until his retirement in 2017.[3]

{{Clear}}

Current composition of the court

As of May 23, 2018, the judges on the court are as follows:

{{start U.S. judgeship Current}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current|
 index=49| title=Chief Judge| name=Diane Pamela Wood| duty station=Chicago, IL| born=1950| term=1995–present| chief term=2013–present| senior term=—| appointer=Clinton|

}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current|
 index=43| title=Circuit Judge| name=Joel Martin Flaum| duty station=Chicago, IL| born=1936| term=1983–present| chief term=2000–2006| senior term=—| appointer=Reagan|

}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current|
 index=44| title=Circuit Judge| name=Frank H. Easterbrook| duty station=Chicago, IL| born=1948| term=1985–present| chief term=2006–2013| senior term=—| appointer=Reagan|

}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current|
 index=47| title=Circuit Judge| name=Michael Stephen Kanne| duty station=Lafayette, IN| born=1938| term=1987–present| chief term=—| senior term=—| appointer=Reagan|

}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current|
 index=48| title=Circuit Judge| name=Ilana Rovner| duty station=Chicago, IL| born=1938| term=1992–present| chief term=—| senior term=—| appointer=G.H.W. Bush|

}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current|
 index=52| title=Circuit Judge| name=Diane S. Sykes| duty station=Milwaukee, WI| born=1957| term=2004–present| chief term=—| senior term=—| appointer=G.W. Bush|

}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current|
 index=54| title=Circuit Judge| name=David F. Hamilton| duty station=Bloomington, IN| born=1957| term=2009–present| chief term=—| senior term=—| appointer=Obama|

}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current
| index = 55
| title = Circuit Judge
| name = Amy Coney Barrett
| duty station = South Bend, IN
| born = 1972
| term = 2017–present
| chief term = —
| senior term = —
| appointer = Trump
}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current
| index = 56
| title = Circuit Judge
| name = Michael B. Brennan
| duty station = Milwaukee, WI
| born = 1963
| term = 2018–present
| chief term = —
| senior term = —
| appointer = Trump
}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current
| index = 57
| title = Circuit Judge
| name = Michael Y. Scudder
| duty station = Chicago, IL
| born = 1971
| term = 2018–present
| chief term = —
| senior term = —
| appointer = Trump
}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current
| index = 58
| title = Circuit Judge
| name = Amy J. St. Eve
| duty station = Chicago, IL
| born = 1965
| term = 2018–present
| chief term = —
| senior term = —
| appointer = Trump
}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current|
 index=37| title=Senior Circuit Judge| name=William Joseph Bauer| duty station=Chicago, IL| born=1926| term=1974–1994| chief term=1986–1993| senior term=1994–present| appointer=Ford|

}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current|
 index=45| title=Senior Circuit Judge| name=Kenneth Francis Ripple| duty station=South Bend, IN| born=1943| term=1985–2008| chief term=—| senior term=2008–present| appointer=Reagan|

}}{{U.S. judgeship row Current|
 index=46| title=Senior Circuit Judge| name=Daniel Anthony Manion| duty station=South Bend, IN| born=1942| term=1986–2007| chief term=—| senior term=2007–present| appointer=Reagan|

}}{{end U.S. judgeship Current}}

List of former judges

#
 Judge
 State
 Born–died
 Active
 Chief
 Senior
 Appointed by
 Reason for
termination
1Walter Q.|Gresham}} IN 1832–1895 1891–1893—— [4] resignation
2William Allen|Woods}} IN 1837–1901 1892–1901——B.|Harrison|List of federal judges appointed by Benjamin Harrison}} death
3James Graham|Jenkins}} WI 1834–1921 1893–1905—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Grover Cleveland} retirement
4John William|Showalter}} IL 1844–1898 1895–1898—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Grover Cleveland} death
5Peter S.|Grosscup}} IL 1852–1921 1899–1911—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by William McKinley} resignation
6Francis Elisha|Baker}} IN 1860–1924 1902–1924——T.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt}} death
7William Henry|Seaman}} WI 1842–1915 1905–1915——T.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt}} death
8Christian Cecil|Kohlsaat}} IL 1844–1918 1905–1918——T.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt}} death
9Samuel|Alschuler}}[5] IL 1859–1939 1915–1936— 1936–1939 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson} death
10Evan Alfred|Evans}} WI 1876–1948 1916–1948—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson} death
11George True|Page}} IL 1859–1941 1919–1930— 1930–1941 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson} death
12Albert Barnes|Anderson}} IN 1857–1938 1925–1929— 1929–1938 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Calvin Coolidge} death
13William Morris|Sparks}} IN 1872–1950 1929–1948 1948 1948–1950 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Herbert Hoover} death
14Louis|Fitzhenry}} IL 1870–1935 1933–1935——F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} death
15James Earl|Major}} IL 1887–1972 1937–1956 1948–1954 1956–1972F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} death
16Walter Emanuel|Treanor}} IN 1883–1941 1937–1941——F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} death
17Otto|Kerner Sr.}}[5] IL 1884–1952 1938–1952——F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} death
18Sherman|Minton}} IN 1890–1965 1941–1949——F.|Roosevelt|List of federal judges appointed by Franklin D. Roosevelt}} elevated to Supreme Court
19F. Ryan|Duffy}} WI 1888–1979 1949–1966 1954–1959 1966–1979 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman} death
20Philip J.|Finnegan}} IL 1886–1959 1949–1959—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman} death
21Walter C.|Lindley}} IL 1880–1958 1949–1958—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman} death
22Hardress Nathaniel|Swaim}}[5] IN 1880–1957 1949–1957—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Harry S. Truman} death
23Elmer Jacob|Schnackenberg}}[5] IL 1889–1968 1953–1968—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower} death
24John Simpson|Hastings}} IN 1898–1977 1957–1969 1959–1968 1969–1977 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower} death
25William Lynn|Parkinson}} IN 1902–1959 1957–1959—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower} death
26Winfred George|Knoch}} IL 1895–1983 1958–1967— 1967–1983 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower} death
27Latham|Castle}} IL 1900–1986 1959–1970 1968–1970 1970–1986 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower} death
28Roger|Kiley}} IL 1900–1974 1961–1974— 1974–1974 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy} death
29Luther Merritt|Swygert}} IN 1905–1988 1961–1981 1970–1975 1981–1988 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by John F. Kennedy} death
30Thomas E.|Fairchild}} WI 1912–2007 1966–1981 1975–1981 1981–2007L.|Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}} death
31Walter J.|Cummings Jr.}} IL 1916–1999 1966–1999 1981–1986—L.|Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}} death
32Otto|Kerner Jr.}} IL 1908–1976 1968–1974——L.|Johnson|List of federal judges appointed by Lyndon B. Johnson}} resignation
33Wilbur Frank|Pell Jr.}} IN 1915–2000 1970–1984— 1984–2000 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon} death
34John Paul|Stevens}} IL 1920–present 1970–1975—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon} elevated to Supreme Court
35Robert Arthur|Sprecher}} IL 1917–1982 1971–1982—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon} death
36Philip Willis|Tone}} IL 1923–2001 1974–1980—— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon} resignation
38Harlington|Wood Jr.}} IL 1920–2008 1976–1992— 1992–2008 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Gerald Ford} death
39Richard Dickson|Cudahy}} WI 1926–2015 1979–1994— 1994–2015 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Jimmy Carter} death
40Jesse E.|Eschbach}} IN 1920–2005 1981–1985— 1985–2005 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan} death
41Richard|Posner}} IL 1939–present 1981–2017 1993–2000— {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan} retirement
42 John Louis Coffey WI 1922–2012 1982–2004— 2004–2012 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Ronald Reagan} death
50 Terence T. Evans WI 1940–2011 1995–2010— 2010–2011 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton} death
51 Ann Claire Williams IL 1949–present 1999–2017— 2017–2018 {{sortnameList of federal judges appointed by Bill Clinton} retirement
53 John Daniel Tinder IN 1950–present 2007–2015—2015G.W.|Bush|List of federal judges appointed by George W. Bush}}retirement

Chief judges

{{start U.S. judge succession
| float = right
| seat title = Chief Judge
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Sparks
| term = 1948
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Major
| term = 1948–1954
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Duffy
| term = 1954–1959
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Hastings
| term = 1959–1968
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Castle
| term = 1968–1970
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Swygert
| term = 1970–1975
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Fairchild
| term = 1975–1981
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Cummings, Jr.
| term = 1981–1986
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Bauer
| term = 1986–1993
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Posner
| term = 1993–2000
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Flaum
| term = 2000–2006
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Easterbrook
| term = 2006–2013
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Wood
| term = 2013–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{ChiefJudge}}

Succession of seats

{{seatTableIntro|eleven}}{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 1
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on December 10, 1869, by the Judiciary Act of 1869 as a circuit judgeship for the Seventh Circuit
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Reassigned to the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit by the Judiciary Act of 1891
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Gresham
| state = IN
| term = 1891–1893
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Jenkins
| state = WI
| term = 1893–1905
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Seaman
| state = WI
| term = 1905–1915
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = E. Evans
| state = WI
| term = 1916–1948
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Duffy
| state = WI
| term = 1949–1966
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Fairchild
| state = WI
| term = 1966–1981
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Coffey
| state = WI
| term = 1982–2004
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Sykes
| state = WI
| term = 2004–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 2
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on June 16, 1891, by the Judiciary Act of 1891
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Woods
| state = IN
| term = 1892–1901
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Baker
| state = IN
| term = 1902–1924
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Anderson
| state = IN
| term = 1925–1929
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Sparks
| state = IN
| term = 1929–1948
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Finnegan
| state = IL
| term = 1949–1959
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Castle
| state = IL
| term = 1959–1970
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Sprecher
| state = IL
| term = 1971–1982
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Flaum
| state = IL
| term = 1983–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 3
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on February 8, 1895, by 28 Stat. 643
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Showalter
| state = IL
| term = 1895–1898
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Grosscup
| state = IL
| term = 1899–1911
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Alschuler
| state = IL
| term = 1915–1936
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Treanor
| state = IN
| term = 1937–1941
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Minton
| state = IN
| term = 1941–1949
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Lindley
| state = IL
| term = 1949–1958
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Knoch
| state = IL
| term = 1958–1967
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Kerner, Jr.
| state = IL
| term = 1968–1974
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Bauer
| state = IL
| term = 1974–1994
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = D. Wood
| state = IL
| term = 1995–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 4
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on March 3, 1905, by 33 Stat. 992
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Kohlsaat
| state = IL
| term = 1905–1918
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Page
| state = IL
| term = 1919–1930
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = FitzHenry
| state = IL
| term = 1933–1935
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Major
| state = IL
| term = 1937–1956
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Hastings
| state = IN
| term = 1957–1969
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Pell, Jr.
| state = IN
| term = 1970–1984
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Manion
| state = IN
| term = 1986–2007
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Tinder
| state = IN
| term = 2007–2015
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Barrett
| state = IN
| term = 2017–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-end}}{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 5
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on May 31, 1938, by 52 Stat. 584
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Kerner, Sr.
| state = IL
| term = 1938–1952
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Schnackenberg
| state = IL
| term = 1954–1968
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Stevens
| state = IL
| term = 1970–1975
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = H. Wood, Jr.
| state = IL
| term = 1976–1992
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Rovner
| state = IL
| term = 1992–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 6
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on August 3, 1949, by 63 Stat. 493
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Swaim
| state = IN
| term = 1950–1957
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Parkinson
| state = IN
| term = 1957–1959
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Kiley
| state = IL
| term = 1961–1974
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Tone
| state = IL
| term = 1974–1980
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Posner
| state = IL
| term = 1981–2017
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Scudder, Jr.
| state = IL
| term = 2018–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 7
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on May 19, 1961 by 75 Stat. 80
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Swygert
| state = IN
| term = 1961–1981
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Eschbach
| state = IN
| term = 1981–1985
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Kanne
| state = IN
| term = 1987–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 8
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on March 18, 1966, by 80 Stat. 75
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Cummings, Jr.
| state = IL
| term = 1966–1999
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Williams
| state = IL
| term = 1999–2017
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = St. Eve
| state = IL
| term = 2018–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-end}}{{col-begin}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 9
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on October 20, 1978, by 92 Stat. 1629, 1632
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Cudahy
| state = WI
| term = 1979–1994
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = T. Evans
| state = WI
| term = 1995–2010
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Brennan
| state = WI
| term = 2018–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 10
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on July 10, 1984, by 98 Stat. 333
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Easterbrook
| state = IL
| term = 1985–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-break}}{{start U.S. judge succession
| seat title = Seat 11
}}{{U.S. judge succession note
| text = Established on July 10, 1984, by 98 Stat. 333
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Ripple
| state = IN
| term = 1985–2008
}}{{U.S. judge succession row
| name = Hamilton
| state = IN
| term = 2009–present
}}{{end U.S. judge succession}}{{col-end}}

See also

  • Federal judicial appointment history#Seventh Circuit
  • Same-sex marriage in the Seventh Circuit
  • Courts of Illinois

References

1. ^Seventh Circuit Opinions. The Seventh Circuit is now joined by the Courts of Appeals for the First, Second, Fourth, Ninth, DC, and Federal Circuits in having RSS feeds of their opinions.
2. ^{{cite news| url=https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/12/us/politics/12wood.html | work= New York Times | title=Potential Justice Offers a Counterpoint in Chicago | first=Neil A. | last=Lewis | date=May 11, 2009 | accessdate=May 26, 2010}}
3. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/news/local/breaking/ct-judge-richard-posner-retires-met-20170901-story.html|title=Richard Posner announces sudden retirement from federal appeals court in Chicago|last=O'Connell|first=Jason Meisner, Patrick M.|work=chicagotribune.com|access-date=2018-03-01|language=en-US}}
4. ^Gresham was appointed as a circuit judge for the Seventh Circuit in 1884 by Chester A. Arthur. The Judiciary Act of 1891 reassigned his seat to what is now the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit.
5. ^1 2 3 Recess appointment, later confirmed by the United States Senate.
  • {{cite web

|url = https://lawclerks.ao.uscourts.gov/web/jobSearch
|title = Standard Search
|work = Federal Law Clerk Information System
|accessdate = July 2, 2005
|archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20051021220038/https://lawclerks.ao.uscourts.gov/web/jobSearch
|archive-date = October 21, 2005
|dead-url = yes
|df = mdy-all
}}
  • primary but incomplete source for the duty stations
  • {{cite web|
        url=http://www.utexas.edu/law/depts/career/downloads/judicial_listing.html|    title=Instructions for Judicial Directory|    work= University of Texas Law School|    accessdate=July 2, 2005 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20051111193332/http://www.utexas.edu/law/depts/career/downloads/judicial_listing.html  |archivedate = November 11, 2005}}
    • secondary source for the duty stations
    • data is current to 2002
  • {{cite web|
        url=http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/usca_07_frm?OpenFrameSet|    title=U.S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit|    work=Official website of the Federal Judicial Center|    accessdate=July 2, 2005 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20050418043257/http://www.fjc.gov/history/home.nsf/usca_07_frm?OpenFrameSet  |archivedate = April 18, 2005}}
    • source for the state, lifetime, term of active judgeship, term of chief judgeship, term of senior judgeship, appointer, termination reason, and seat information

External links

{{wikisource index}}
  • United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
  • Recent opinions from FindLaw
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20090512025011/http://www.ca7.uscourts.gov/wiki/index.php?title=Main_Page Official wiki of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit] — Launched April 18, 2007
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509145619/http://www.kentlaw.edu/7cr/ The Seventh Circuit Review]
{{United States courts of appeals judges}}{{United States courts of appeals senior judges}}{{United States 7th Circuit district judges}}{{United States 7th Circuit senior district judges}}{{U.S. courts of appeals}}{{DEFAULTSORT:United States Court Of Appeals For The Seventh Circuit}}

3 : United States courts of appeals|Organizations based in Chicago|United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
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