| 释义 |
- Notes
- References
- Further reading
Aḥmad III Abū Jaʿfar ibn ʿAbd al-Malik al-Mustanṣir{{sfn|Maíllo Salgado|2008|p=140 n. 260}} (died 5 February 1146),{{sfn|Ubieto Arteta|1961|p=245}} called Sayf al-Dawla ("Sword of the Dynasty"), Latinised as Zafadola,{{efn|The author of the contemporary Chronica Adefonsi imperatoris refers to Sayf al-Dawla as rex Zafadola sarracenorum, "king of the Saracens".}} was the last ruler of the Hudid dynasty. He ruled the rump of the taifa kingdom of Zaragoza from his castle at Rueda de Jalón. He was the son of ʿAbd al-Malik. After the city of Zaragoza was conquered by the Almoravids in 1110, ʿAbd al-Malik and Sayf al-Dawla fled to Rueda to resist the invaders. There they received help from Alfonso the Battler, king of Aragon.{{sfn|Catlos|2004|p=75}}{{sfn|Canal Sánchez-Pagín|2003|p=47}} Their state was reduced to the towns of Rueda and Borja and their hinterland.{{sfn|Catlos|2004|p=75}} In 1130 ʿAbd al-Malik died. In 1131 Sayf al-Dawla sent messengers to the court of King Alfonso VII of León to propose his rendering homage to Alfonso. The latter sent an embassy led by Count Rodrigo Martínez and the king's counsellor Gutierre Fernández de Castro to Rueda to make final arrangements. The taifa king and his sons then went to Alfonso, surrendered Rueda to him and became his vassals.{{sfn|García-Osuna Rodríguez|2012|pp=143–44}} Alfonso in turn gave Sayf al-Dawla territory in the Kingdom of Toledo and the task of defending a sector of the southern frontier from the Almoravids.{{sfn|García Fitz|2004|pp=238–40}} Sayf al-Dawla took part in battles with the Almoravids in Jaén, Granada and Murcia, and also fought against Alfonso the Battler.{{sfn|García-Osuna Rodríguez|2012|pp=143–44}} In 1135 he attended Alfonso VII's imperial coronation in León. He was defending the southern border in 1146, when Alfonso VII sent some of his leading knights—Manrique de Lara, Ponce de Cabrera and Armengol de Urgel—to assist him. In a dispute with the Spaniards, Sayf al-Dawla was killed during the battle of Chinchilla, near Chinchilla de Montearagón.{{sfn|García Fitz|2004|pp=238–40}}{{sfn|Barton|1997|p=175}} Notes{{notelist}}References{{refbegin}}- {{cite book |ref=harv |last=Barton |first=Simon |title=The Aristocracy in Twelfth-Century León and Castile |location=Cambridge |publisher=Cambridge University Press |year=1997}}
- {{cite journal |ref=harv |first=José María |last=Canal Sánchez-Pagín |year=2003 |url=http://estudiosmedievales.revistas.csic.es/index.php/estudiosmedievales/article/viewArticle/197 |title=El conde Gómez González de Candespina: su historia y su familia |journal=Anuario de estudios medievales |volume=33 |issue=1 |pages=37–68}}
- {{cite book |ref=harv |title=The Victors and the Vanquished: Christians and Muslims of Catalonia and Aragon, 1050–1300 |first=Brian A. |last=Catlos |year=2004 |publisher=Cambridge University Press |location=Cambridge}}
- {{cite journal|ref=harv |last=García Fitz |first=Francisco |year=2004 |title=¿Una "España musulmana, sometida y tributaria"? la España que no fue |journal=Historia. Instituciones. Documentos |volume=31 |pages=227–48 |url=http://institucional.us.es/revistas/historia/31/13%20garcia%20fitz.pdf }}{{dead link|date=June 2016|bot=medic}}{{cbignore|bot=medic}}
- {{cite journal|ref=harv |last=García-Osuna Rodríguez |first=José María Manuel |year=2012 |title=El rey Alfonso VII "El emperador" de León |journal=Anuario Brigantino |volume=35 |pages=99–160 |url=http://anuariobrigantino.betanzos.net/Ab2012PDF/099_160_%20GARCIA_OSUNA_ALFONSO_VII_DE_LEON_anuario_brigantino_2012.pdf |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140829155836/http://anuariobrigantino.betanzos.net/Ab2012PDF/099_160_%20GARCIA_OSUNA_ALFONSO_VII_DE_LEON_anuario_brigantino_2012.pdf |archivedate=August 29, 2014 }}
- {{cite book |title=Historia de al-Ándalus |author2=Ibn al-Kardabūs |authorlink1=Felipe Maíllo Salgado |first1=Felipe |last1=Maíllo Salgado |publisher=Akal |year=2008 |edition=3rd |location=Madrid}}
- {{cite journal |ref=harv |first=Antonio |last=Ubieto Arteta |year=1961 |title=La Historia Roderici y su fecha de redacción |url=https://roderic.uv.es:8443/bitstream/handle/10550/32206/241.pdf?sequence=1 |journal=Saitabi: revista de la Facultat de Geografia i Història |volume=11 |pages=241–46 |access-date=2014-10-18 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140905044252/https://roderic.uv.es:8443/bitstream/handle/10550/32206/241.pdf?sequence=1 |archive-date=2014-09-05 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
{{refend}}Further reading- {{cite journal |ref=harv |first=Ambrosio |last=Huici Miranda |title=Los Banu Hud de Zaragoza, Alfonso el Batallador y los almoravides (Nuevas aportaciones) |journal=Estudios de Edad Media de la Corona de Aragon |volume=1 |year=1962 |pages=7–37}}
4 : 1146 deaths|Emirs of Zaragoza|12th-century rulers in Europe|Monarchs killed in action |