词条 | United States Postal Inspection Service |
释义 |
| agencyname = United States Postal Inspection Service | nativename = | nativenamea = | nativenamer = | commonname = Postal Inspection Service | abbreviation = USPIS | patch = USPIS Patch.jpg | patchcaption = Patch of the U.S. Postal Inspection Service - Postal Police Uniformed Division | logo =File:United States Postal Inspection Service logo.svg | logocaption = | badge = ISbadge6.jpg | badgecaption = Badge of a Postal Inspector | flagcaption = Flag of the U.S. Postal Inspection Service | imagesize = | motto = | mottotranslated = | mission = | formedyear = 1772 (surveyors) 1802 (special agents) 1830 (agency) | formedmonthday = | preceding1 = | dissolved = | superseding = | employees = 3,500 (approx) | volunteers = | budget = | nongovernment = | country = United States | countryabbr = | federal = Yes | map = | mapcaption = | sizearea = | sizepopulation = | legaljuris = | governingbody = | governingbodyscnd = | constitution1 = | speciality = postal | overviewtype = | overviewbody = | headquarters = 475 L'Enfant Plaza SW, Washington, D.C. | hqlocmap = | hqlocleft = | hqloctop = | hqlocmappoptitle = | sworntype = Postal Inspector | sworn = 1,200 (approx) | unsworntype = | unsworn = | electeetype = | minister1name = | minister1pfo = | chief1name = Gary Barksdale | chief1position = Chief Postal Inspector | parentagency = United States Postal Service | child1agency = | unittype = | unitname = | officetype = | officename = | provideragency = | uniformedas = | stationtype = | stations = | airbases = | lockuptype = | lockups = | vehicle1type = | vehicles1 = | boat1type = | boats1 = | aircraft1type = | aircraft1 = | animal1type = | animals1 = | person1name = | person1reason = | person1type = | programme1 = | activity1name = | activitytype = | anniversary1 = | award1 = | website = [https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/ Official Website] }} The United States Postal Inspection Service (USPIS) is the law enforcement arm of the United States Postal Service. Its jurisdiction is defined as "crimes that may adversely affect or fraudulently use the U.S. Mail, the postal system or postal employees." The mission of the U.S. Postal Inspection Service is to support and protect the U.S. Postal Service, its employees, infrastructure, and customers by enforcing the laws that defend the nation's mail system from illegal or dangerous use. In fiscal year 2014, USPIS had 2,376 field employees, a decline of 44.7% from fiscal year 1995. (This figure excludes headquarters staff.[1]) In 2008, the U.S. Postal Inspection Service had 2,288 full-time personnel with the authority to make arrests and carry firearms on duty. This represented a 23.1% drop over the previous five years.[2] HistoryThe Postal Inspection Service has the oldest origins of any federal law enforcement agency in the United States. It traces its roots back to 1772[3] when colonial Postmaster General Benjamin Franklin first appointed a "surveyor" to regulate and audit the mails. Thus, the Service's origins—in part—predate the Declaration of Independence, and therefore the United States itself. As Franklin was appointed Postmaster General under the Second Continental Congress, his system continued. One of Franklin's first acts as Postmaster General was to appoint William Goddard as the first Postal Surveyor of the newly founded American postal system, in charge of inspecting the integrity and security of postal routes, regulating post offices, and auditing their accounts. A letter from Franklin to Goddard, dated August 7, 1775, authorized a total of $170.00 for Goddard to carry out these duties,[4] and so August 7 is recognized as the "birthday" of the U.S. Postal Inspection Service. In 1801, the title of "surveyor" was changed to Special Agent. In 1830, the Special Agents were organized into the Office of Instructions and Mail Depredations. The Postal Inspection Service was the first federal law enforcement agency to use the title Special Agent for its officers. Congress changed this title to Inspector in 1880. For some time, one of their primary duties was the enforcement of obscenity prohibitions under the Comstock Act. Jurisdiction and activitiesAs fact-finding and investigative agents, Postal Inspectors are sworn federal law enforcement officers who carry firearms, make arrests and serve federal search warrants and subpoenas. Inspectors work closely with U.S. Attorneys, other law enforcement agencies, and local prosecutors to investigate postal cases and prepare them for court. For example, on all international mail Postal Inspectors work closely with U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) or U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) while on domestic mail Postal Inspectors work closely with state and local law enforcement agencies. There are approximately 1,200 Postal Inspectors stationed throughout the United States and abroad who enforce more than 200 federal laws covering investigations of crimes that adversely affect or fraudulently use the U.S. Mail and postal system. The USPIS has responsibility to safeguard over 600,000[5] Postal Service employees and billions of pieces of mail transported worldwide yearly by air, land, rail, and sea. USPIS was at one time the only investigative agency of the Postal Service; however, with the creation of the USPS Office of Inspector General in 1996, they assumed many duties previously carried out by the USPIS. The USPS OIG conducts independent audits and investigations. Audits of postal programs and operations help to determine whether the programs and operations are efficient and cost-effective. Investigations help prevent and detect fraud, waste, and misconduct and have a deterrent effect on postal crimes. The OIG primarily took over the Postal Inspection Service's audit function, as well as fraud (against the USPS) waste and abuse. Since the September 11, 2001, attacks, the USPIS has also investigated several cases where ricin, anthrax, and other toxic substances were sent through the mail. Although the USPIS has a wide jurisdiction, USPIS investigations can be categorized into these seven types of investigative teams and functions:
The Postal Inspection Service's Technical Services Unit (TSU) provides investigative support through the use of new technology and the operations of two national communication centers known as the National Law Enforcement Control Centers (NLECC). In 2003 U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement renamed their national communication center, previously known as "Sector" to the "National Law Enforcement COMMUNICATIONS Center" (also known as NLECC), USPIS NLECC and ICE NLECC are two independent federal law enforcement radio communications centers but coincidentally share the same acronym and an almost identical name. USPS Forensic LaboratoryThe U.S. Postal Inspection Service first established a crime lab in 1940.[11] Today, the main USPS Forensic Laboratory is located in Dulles, Virginia,[12] in a two-story, 44,000-square-foot facility.[13] The lab is staffed by forensic scientists and technical experts and consists of four units: the Questioned Documents Unit, the Fingerprint Unit, the Physical Sciences Unit, and the Digital Evidence Unit.[12] The laboratory is overseen by a laboratory director and each of the four units is overseen by an assistant laboratory director.[13] There are also four satellite offices, located in New York, Chicago, Memphis, and San Francisco.[14] In 2012, the entire U.S. Postal Inspection Service laboratory system had 65 employees (58 scientific staff and seven administrative staff), mostly based in the main Dulles lab.[13] Police ForceIn addition to maintaining a staff of postal inspectors and others, the Postal Inspection Service has a uniformed force of Postal Police Officers who are assigned to major postal facilities throughout the United States; these officers "provide perimeter security, escort high-value mail shipments, and perform other essential protective functions, up to and including assisting Postal Inspectors in the execution of search and seizure and arrest warrants on and off government property."[15] In the year 2000, the service had about 1,400 uniformed postal police officers.[16] As of 2018 there are approximately 500 postal police officers nationwide. USPIS AcademyThe Postal Inspection Service maintains a law enforcement academy (the Career Development Unit) based in Potomac, Maryland. It is a federally accredited law enforcement academy by the Federal Law Enforcement Training Accreditation.[17] Fallen officersFourteen US Postal Inspectors and Postal Police Officers have died in the line of duty.[18] Their names have been etched on the National Law Enforcement Officers Memorial wall and to a Postal Inspection Service plaque at the agency's national headquarters, both located in Washington, D.C. 2 SMRT 4UIn 2006 the Postal Inspection Service created the "2 SMRT 4U" campaign aimed at teenage girls, the group most targeted by online sexual predators. It established the website to educate teens about how to chat and post wisely online.[19] The website has been rebranded NSTeens.org, but still provides educational information for teens. For its dedication to protecting children and fighting child exploitation, the United States Department of Justice honored the Postal Inspection Service with its Internet Safety Award.[20] See also{{Portal|Criminal justice|United States}}
References1. ^Kathryn A. Francis, U.S. Postal Service Workforce Size and Employment Categories, FY1995-FY2014, p. 6, table 2 (October 21, 2015). 2. ^Brian A. Reaves, [https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/fleo08.pdf Federal Law Enforcement Officers, 2008], Bureau of Justice Statistics, United States Department of Justice (June 2012). 3. ^{{cite web|title=A Chronology of the United States Postal Inspection Service|url=https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/aboutus/History.aspx|accessdate=27 August 2013}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=ibid.|url=https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/aboutus/History.aspx|accessdate=30 March 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web|title=Size and Scope – Postal Facts|url=https://about.usps.com/who-we-are/postal-facts/size-scope.htm|accessdate=21 April 2014}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.scribd.com/doc/26863551/MARTIN-J-MCGEE-PIONEER-IN-MAIL-FRAUD-INVESTIGATION |title=Martin J. Mcgee, Pioneer In Mail Fraud Investigation |publisher=Scribd.com |date= |accessdate=2015-05-21}} 7. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/?id=G0SmzIHuffUC&pg=PA194&lpg=PA194&dq=%22martin+Mcgee%22+postal#v=onepage&q=%22martin%20Mcgee%22%20postal&f=false|title=Grafters and Goo Goos|isbn=9780809325719|author1=Merriner|first1=James L|date=2004-03-11}} 8. ^https://nypost.com/2018/05/16/i-tried-to-warn-usps-about-this-counterfeit-operation/ 9. ^{{cite news |url=https://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D02E1DA1139F934A25752C0A960958260 |title=Businessman Is Sentenced For Bilking Space Agency |work=The New York Times |date=January 17, 1996 | first=Allen R. | last=Myerson}} 10. ^Omniplan Owners Plead Guilty. The Bay Area Citizen, February 3, 1995. 11. ^Suzanne Bell, Crime and Circumstance: Investigating the History of Forensic Science (Praeger, 2008), p. 107. 12. ^1 [https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/aboutus/lab.aspx Forensic Laboratory Services], U.S. Postal Inspection Service (accessed November 23, 2016. 13. ^1 2 Sara Goudarzi, Perspective On: A Forensics Lab, Lab Manager (January 20, 2012). 14. ^Dorothy Moses Schultz, "U.S. Postal Inspection Service" in Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement, Vol. 1 (eds. Larry E. Sullivan & Marie Simonetti Rosen: SAGE Publications, 2005), p. 884. 15. ^[https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/radDocs/pubs/Annual%20Report%202014_Text%20Only.pdf U.S. Postal Inspection Service Annual Report: FY 2014], U.S. Postal Inspection Service. 16. ^Dorothy Moses Schultz, "U.S. Postal Inspection Service" in Encyclopedia of Law Enforcement, Vol. 1 (eds. Larry E. Sullivan & Marie Simonetti Rosen: SAGE Publications, 2005), p. 882. 17. ^{{cite web|title=Accredited Academies|url=https://www.fleta.gov/accredited-academies|accessdate=1 March 2012|publisher=Federal Law Enforcement Training Accredition}} 18. ^{{cite web|url=https://postalinspectors.uspis.gov/aboutus/fallenofficers.aspx|title=Fallen Officers|publisher=USPIS|accessdate=20 May 2015}} 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.2smrt4u.com/|title=NSTeens.org - Making Safer Choices Online|work=2smrt4u.com}} 20. ^{{cite web|title=The National Strategy for Child Exploitation Prevention and Interdiction: A Report to Congress (page 88)|url=http://www.justice.gov/psc/docs/natstrategyreport.pdf|accessdate=1 March 2012}} External links{{commons category}}
6 : Agency-specific police departments of the United States|Organizations based in Washington, D.C.|Organizations established in 1772|United States Postal Service|1772 establishments in the Thirteen Colonies|Specialist law enforcement agencies of the United States |
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