| 词条 | Zilpha Elaw |
| 释义 |
BiographyElaw was born in Pennsylvania, a free woman.[3] Brought up in Philadelphia, by a black and deeply religious family, after the death of her mother in 1802, she was sent to live with a Quaker family, Pierson and Rebecca Mitchell; her father died just two years later.[4] After seeing a vision of Jesus,[5] she joined a Methodist society in 1808, marrying Joseph Elaw and moving to Burlington, New Jersey, in 1811.[6] The couple had a daughter, Rebecca,[8] in 1812.[7] In 1817, Elaw attended a revival camp for a week, and after falling into a trance, she gave her first ever public speech.[5] She fell ill in 1819, and while remaining sick for two years, experienced an angelic visitation.[3] After Joseph's death from consumption in 1823, Elaw opened a school for African-American children in Burlington, but increasingly believing she had been called upon as a minister, she departed in 1825 and went on a preaching mission among slaves in Maryland and Virginia.[7] She became a traveling preacher, carrying her message and that of her Lord.[8] During the period of 1827 to 1840, she ministered as an itinerant preacher in the United States,[3] and was known to be in Nantucket in 1832.[9] Elaw moved to England, preaching in the summer of 1840. She lived there and preached at least into the 1860s,[1] penning Memoirs of the Life, Religious Experience, and Ministerial Travels and Labours of Mrs. Zilpha Elaw, an American Female of Colour in 1846.[7] According to her memoirs, she preached more than 1,000 sermons in Great Britain over these years, but often faced hostility and heavy criticism from the Victorian British clergy, who believed that it was inappropriate for a woman to preach.[5] It is unclear if she returned to the US before her death.[3] References1. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Blockett|first=Kimberly|date=September 1, 2015|title=Disrupting Print: Emigration, the Press, and Narrative Subjectivity in the British Preaching and Writing of Zilpha Elaw, 1840-1860s|url=https://academic.oup.com/melus/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/melus/mlv027|journal=MELUS: Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States|language=en|volume=40|issue=3|pages=94–109|doi=10.1093/melus/mlv027|issn=0163-755X}} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Elaw, Zilpha}}2. ^{{cite journal|last=Smith|first=Mitzi J. |year=2011|title="Unbossed and Unbought": Zilpha Elaw and Old Elizabeth and a Political Discourse of Origins |journal=Black Theology: An International Journal|publisher=Equinox Publishing Ltd|location=Sheffield|volume=9|issue=3|url=http://www.blacktheologyjournal.com/bt/article/view/9002}} 3. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=http://www.charismamag.com/site-archives/24-uncategorised/9614-zilpha-elaw|title=Zilpha Elaw|last=Miller|first=Jonette O'Kelley |date=November 30, 2001|work=Charisma Magazine|accessdate=August 29, 2012}} 4. ^{{cite book|last=Alexander|first=Leslie|title=Encyclopedia of African American History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=uivtCqOlpTsC&pg=PA397|accessdate=August 28, 2012|date=February 28, 2010|publisher=ABC-CLIO|isbn=978-1-85109-774-6|page=397}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|url=http://pabook.libraries.psu.edu/palitmap/bios/Elaw_Zilpha.html|title=Elaw, Zilpha|publisher=Pennsylvania Centre for the Book|accessdate=August 28, 2012}} 6. ^Busby, Margaret (ed.), "Zilpha Elaw", in Daughters of Africa, 1992, p. 31. 7. ^1 2 {{cite book|last1=Andrews|first1=William L.|last2=Foster|first2=Frances Smith|last3=Harris|first3=Trudier|title=The Concise Oxford Companion to African American Literature|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yz2Ayryf5cAC|accessdate=August 28, 2012|date=February 15, 2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|isbn=978-0-19-983956-8}} 8. ^Hine, Darlene Clark, and Kathleen Thompson. A Shining Thread of Hope: The History of Black Women in America. New York: Broadway, 1998. Print. 9. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.nha.org/history/hn/HNgoode-african.htm|title=African-American Women in Nineteenth-Century Nantucket: Wives, Mothers, Modistes, and Visionaries|last=Goode|first=Gloria Davis |date=Winter 1992|publisher=Nantucket Historical Association|accessdate=August 29, 2012}} 15 : African-American Christians|19th-century American people|Writers from Philadelphia|American Methodist missionaries|American spiritual mediums|Year of birth uncertain|Year of death unknown|American memoirists|African-American non-fiction writers|American non-fiction writers|Angelic visionaries|Methodist missionaries in the United States|African-American women writers|African-American writers|American women non-fiction writers |
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