1. See also

2. Further reading

3. External links

The Zimmerwald Left was a revolutionary minority faction at the Zimmerwald Peace Conference of 1915, headed by Vladimir Lenin. The Left of the Zimmerwald Congress was made up of eight out of 38 people: Lenin, Zinoviev (Russia), Jānis Bērziņš (Latvia), Karl Radek (Poland), Julian Borchardt (Germany), Fritz Platten (Switzerland), Zeth Höglund and Ture Nerman (Sweden). It was the first step towards forming what later became the Comintern.

See also

• Neutral Socialist Conferences during the First World War

Further reading

• R. Craig Nation, War on War: Lenin, the Zimmerwald Left, and the Origins of Communist Internationalism. (1989) Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2009.

External links

• Zimmerwald Left, MIA
• [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1915/s+w/pref01.htm#v21fl70h-297 Socialism and War. The Attitude of the Russian Social-Democratic Labour Party Towards the War by Lenin]
• [https://www.marxists.org/archive/lenin/works/1915/s+w/ch01.htm#v21fl70h-299 The Principles of Socialism and the War of 1914–1915 by Lenin]

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