“Zinskauf”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

Zinskauf

释义

References

Zinskauf was a financial instrument, similar to an annuity, that rose to prominence in the Middle Ages.^[1]^[2]^[3] The decline of the Byzantine Empire led to a growth of capital in Europe, so the Catholic Church tolerated zinskauf as a way to get around prohibitions on usury. Since zinskauf was an exchange of a fixed amount of money for annual income it was considered a sale rather than a loan. Martin Luther made zinskauf a subject of his Treatise on Usury^[4] and his Sermon on Trade and Usury^[5] and criticized clerics of the Roman Catholic Church for violating usury laws in spirit if not in the letter of the law.

This financial transaction, for which no direct equivalent exists in modern finance, essentially was a contract in which the rights to use a piece of land or other property were sold in exchange for fixed payments over a specified period of time. To avoid the appearance of usury, the creditor in this transaction was regarded as the buyer who purchased a fixed income from the debtor, who then merely was considered to be the seller of a predetermined stipend." Luther viewed this practice to be usurious since at the expiration of the zinskauf the creditor had increased in net-worth without ever engaging in labor.^[1]

References

1. ^¹{{Cite book|title = Reforming the Morality of Usury: A Study of the Differences That Separated the Protestant Reformers|last = Jones|first = David|publisher = University Press of America|year = 2003|isbn = |location = |pages = 53}}
2. ^{{cite book|last1=Doherty|first1=Sean|title=Theology and Economic Ethics: Martin Luther and Arthur Rich in Dialogue|page=55|accessdate=2 December 2014}}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=O'Donovan|first1=Oliver|title=From Irenaeus to Grotius: A Sourcebook in Christian Political Thought, 100-1625|page=584}}
4. ^Treatise on Usury full text online
5. ^{{cite web|title=Martin Luther's Sermon On Trade and Usury|url=http://www.godrules.net/library/luther/NEW1luther_d2.htm}}

1 : Medieval economics

随便看

开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。