词条 | University of Chile |
释义 |
name = University of Chile | native_name = Universidad de Chile | image = Coat of arms of the University of Chile.svg | image_upright = 0.45 | established = November 19, 1842 | type = Public | president = Ennio Vivaldi Véjar| city = Santiago | state = RM | country = Chile | undergrad = 31,457 | postgrad = 9,037 | faculty = 3,675 | campus = Campus Andrés Bello }} The University of Chile ({{lang-es|link=no|Universidad de Chile}}) is a public university in Santiago, Chile. It was founded on November 19, 1842 and inaugurated on September 17, 1843.[1] It is the oldest and the most prestigious in the country {{Citation needed|date=July 2016}}. It was established as the continuation of the former colonial Royal University of San Felipe (1738)[2] (Spanish: Real Universidad de San Felipe), and has a rich history in academic, scientific and social outreach. The university seeks to solve national and regional issues and to contribute to the development of Chile. It is recognized as one of the best universities Latin America for its leadership and innovation in science, technology, social sciences, and arts through the functions of creation, extension, teaching, and research. Its five campuses comprise more than {{convert|3.1|km2}} of research buildings, health care centers, museums, theaters, observatories, and sports infrastructure.[3] The institution has more than 40,000 undergraduate and graduate students, offering more than 60 different bachelor and professional degrees, 38 doctoral programs and 116 master programs.[4] Notable alumni include Nobel laureates Pablo Neruda and Gabriela Mistral, and twenty Chilean presidents.[5] Rankings and quality accreditation{{Infobox world university ranking| ARWU_W = 301–400 | ARWU_W_ref =[6] | THE_W = | THE_W_ref = | QS_W = | QS_W_ref = }} The QS University Ranking ranks the University of Chile as the sixth in Latin America and 208 in the world. The school boasts an outstanding 100 points in both Academic and Employer Reputation categories.[7] The world ranking of universities, elaborated by Shanghai JiaoTong University (China) and the European Union based on research sciences indicators, places it among the 400 best universities in the world.[8] SCImago Institutions Rankings (SIR) makes a characterization of institutions based on research, innovation and visibility on the web, and in 2017 report on investigation, which included more than 4,500 institutions of higher education and other centers in the world, the University of Chile ranked first in Chile, 10 in Latin America and 424 in the world.[9] Another study which highlights the performance of this institution is the Ranking Web of Universities (Webometrics), which measures the presence and impact on the web of over 11,000 universities and qualifies this college as leader of the country, six in Latin America and 371 worldwide.[10] In the 2016 version of the ranking made by AméricaEconomía, University of Chile was ranked first in Chile with the top rating in quality indicators of research, accreditation, infrastructure and inclusion.[11] AccreditationIn December 21, 2011 the University of Chile was notified by the National Accreditation Commission (CNA) of the positive evaluation in all obligatory areas (institutional management and undergraduate teaching) and electives (research, teaching graduate and linkage with medium). Thus the University is accredited by seven years, the maximum awarded by the agency, for the period between 2011 and 2018.[12] The University of Chile, the Catholic University and the University of Concepción are the only institutions in this country that have the highest accreditation. HistoryIn 1841 the minister of public education, Manuel Montt, conceived the idea of funding a corporation for the "advancement and development of sciences and humanities". Andrés Bello a Venezuelan poet and humanist, formulated the project which with small modifications became a law on November 19, 1842, creating the Universidad de Chile.[1] The foundation answered the need to modernize the country which a little more than two decades before had become independent from Spain. It replaced the Real Universidad de San Felipe, which was established in 1738.[2] The University was formally opened on September 17, 1843. During this period, the university consisted of five faculties (facultades): Humanities & Philosophy, Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Law & Political Sciences, Medicine, and Theology. During its first years the University gave considerable support to education, institutional organization (such as the "Civil Code", a model for America), the building of the road network to join together the territory, and the energy and production infrastructure. By 1931, the number of colleges had increased to six: Philosophy & Education Sciences, Legal & Social Sciences, Biology & Medical Sciences, Physical & Mathematical Sciences, Agronomy & Veterinary, and Fine Arts. The institution has also contributed to the formation of the intellectual elites and leaders of the country. Most of the Chilean presidents have studied in its lecture halls, as well as people with prominent roles in politics, business and culture. Major reforms during the military regime of 1973–1989During Augusto Pinochet's military regime from 1973 to 1989, the University experienced many profound changes. On October 2, 1973, Decree number 50 of 1973 stated that the University's presidents would be designated by the military regime.[13] The second major change came on January 3, 1981, when another decree completely restructured the University. All of its provincial campuses were separated,[14] cojoined with provincial campuses of the Universidad Técnica del Estado (now Universidad de Santiago de Chile and Universidad de Atacama) and designated as separate universities, such as the Universidad de Talca, Universidad de Valparaiso, the Instituto Pedagógico (Pedagogical Institute, now the Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación), the Universidad de Antofagasta, the Universidad de Tarapacá, Instituto Professional de Osorno (now Universidad de los Lagos), Instituto Professional de Chillán (now Universidad del Bío-Bío), Universidad de la Frontera, and Universidad de la Serena. Some faculties, such as the one located in avenida Portugal and which now belongs to the Universidad Mayor, were privatized and sold at bargain prices to Pinochet cronies. These changes were orchestrated by influential advisors to the dictatorship as a way to moderate the University's influence on the nation's politics, economics, public policies and intellectual movements, considered leftist by Augusto Pinochet and other right-wing government officials. In spite of the complete restructuring of the University of Chile, it still remains Chile's most prestigious university in terms of research, applicant preferences and social impact.{{Citation needed|date=April 2014}} OrganizationThe university's community involves the collaboration of academics, students and staff, who perform the tasks that establish its mission and functions. Government
Vice PresidenciesThe University of Chile is organized into five Vice Presidencies:[15]
Faculty and institutesCurrently there are 14 faculties and four interdisciplinary institutes which perform academic tasks undergraduate, graduate, research and extension.
Academic informationThe University of Chile offers undergraduate and graduate programs in all areas of knowledge, whose quality has been recognized by the National Accreditation Commission with the maximum score in both areas (2011–2018).[16] UndergraduateThe University has a total of 69 study programs, 55 of which are conducive to professional degrees and 14 degrees terminales. Alongside this imparts the Academic Bachelor's Program, which reports directly to the Vice Presidencies of Academic Affairs.[17] The admission to the programs is through a selection test (Prueba de Selección Universitaria) or the Academic Bachelor's Program. The University also offers special admission to outstanding athletes, blind students, people with media studies in other countries, ethnic agreements, internal career changes and people with studies in other schools.[18] Alongside this the institution implemented in 2012 an exclusive way of admission called the Sistema de Ingreso Prioritario de Equidad (SIPEE) for students of public system with special vacancies in all careers. Also, in 2014 the Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences initiated the Programa de Equidad de Género (PEG)[19] with special vacancies for the first 40 women applicants who remain on the waiting list. GraduateThe University of Chile has the largest and most complex postgraduate system in the country, formed with 36 doctoral programs, 116 master's programs, 38 graduate programs and 69 specialized courses.[20] ResearchBasic research projectsThe University of Chile is the main Chilean institution in scientific and technological research. It is responsible for a third of the scientific publications and also for the implementation of a high percentage of competitive research projects in most academic fields, including basic sciences, technologies, humanities, social sciences and arts.[21]
Applied research projectsProjects funded by the Fund for Scientific and Technological Development (FONDEF): 30 projects currently ongoing, in the areas of Education, Health, Engineering and Agriculture, Forestry and Animal Sciences. Financed by CORFO (Corporation for Fostering Production):[22]
Campuses and infrastructureThe University has 3,168,373 m2 of urban land, 648,502 m2 of built land in use and 103,884,600 hectares of agricultural land.[23] CampusesThe institution has five campuses, all distributed within the metropolitan area.
Main HouseIn 1872 this emblematic building was opened, with neoclassical frontage that spans in the Alameda Bernardo O'Higgins in Santiago's downtown. The design is the work of Lucien Ambroise Henault, and Fermín Vivaceta was in charge of the construction. Libraries and digital resourcesThe catalog has more than 3 million books, journals, theses and other bibliographic records available to 48 libraries of the University. The libraries are distributed in 27,536 square meters, where there are 5.278 reading places and 1.082 computers for use of the University community.[23] The Digital Library[24] provides access to over 50,000,000 documents: books, theses, journals and articles, and digitized historical value as maps, manuscripts, sheet music, crafts, photographs, audio and movies objects The electronic publications of the University of Chile are available freely accessible through the following resources: Institutional Repository,[25] Academic journals[26] and Portal of books.[27] CultureThrough the stable artistic sets of Extension Center Arts and Culture "Domingo Santa Cruz" (CEAC), museums, exhibition halls and theaters University performs dissemination and extension work.[28] Performing arts
Museums and galleries
Theaters
Significant facts
Related institutions and servicesThe University of Chile is in charge of a variety of nationwide services and institutions, including:
There are more than twenty other centres of national and international importance. Anthem{{Empty section|date=December 2015}}Notable alumniFrom this university have graduated, or done academic work, many intellectuals and prominent Chilean leaders. Among them are 20 presidents of the Republic, 172 National Award recipients and two Nobel laureates.[42] Nobel laureates
See also
References1. ^1 Fuentes documentales y bibliográficas para el estudio de la historia de Chile. Capítulo III: "La Universidad de Chile 1842 – 1879". 1. La ley orgánica de 1842 www.uchile.cl 2. ^1 Reseña histórica de la Universidad de Chile, "Pilar Republicano". www.uchile.cl 3. ^Hechos y cifras de la Universidad de Chile: "Infraestructura y tecnología". www.uchile.cl 4. ^Hechos y cifras de la Universidad de Chile: "Pregrado y postgrado". www.uchile.cl 5. ^Hechos y cifras de la Universidad de Chile: "Grandes figuras y egresados". www.uchile.cl 6. ^Academic Ranking of World Universities 2017 7. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.topuniversities.com/universities/universidad-de-chile#wurs|title=Universidad de Chile|work=Top Universities|accessdate=August 9, 2017}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shanghairanking.com/World-University-Rankings|title=2016 World University Rankings – Academic Ranking of World Universities|accessdate=August 9, 2017}} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.scimagoir.com/rankings.php?country=Latin%20America|title=Scimago Research Rankings}} 10. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.webometrics.info/en/Latin_America/Chile|title=Chile|accessdate=August 9, 2017}} 11. ^{{cite web|url=https://rankings.americaeconomia.com/2016/universidades-chile/ranking|title=Mejores Universidades de Chile 2016|accessdate=August 9, 2017}} 12. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.uchile.cl/reacreditacion|title=Reacreditación institucional – Universidad de Chile|accessdate=June 3, 2015}} 13. ^Jorge Baeza Correa, Referencias para un análisis del discurso del gobierno militar chileno sobre el movimiento estudiantil universitario: 1973–1980. Santiago, 2014 www.scielo.cl 14. ^Francisco Javier Pinedo Castro. "El nacimiento de una Universidad en el valle central y la amputación de las sedes regionales de la U. de Chile: El caso de la U. de Talca". Revista Anales, Séptima serie n°4, noviembre 2012. Pág 73 y 63 www.anales.uchile.cl 15. ^1 Government and authorities www.uchile.cl 16. ^1 General information www.uchile.cl 17. ^Undergraduate programs www.uchile.cl 18. ^Requisitos generales de postulación www.uchile.cl 19. ^{{cite web|url=http://impresa.elmercurio.com/Pages/NewsDetail.aspx?dt=2013-08-30&PaginaId=1&SupplementId=19&BodyId=17|title=El Mercurio Revista Seguridad y Control|accessdate=June 3, 2015}} 20. ^Graduate programs www.uchile.cl 21. ^Basic research projects www.uchile.cl 22. ^Applied research projects www.uchile.cl 23. ^1 Infrastructure, equipment and services www.uchile.cl 24. ^{{cite web|url=http://bibliotecadigital.uchile.cl|title=Biblioteca digital de la Universidad de Chile|accessdate=August 9, 2017}} 25. ^{{cite web|url=http://repositorio.uchile.cl/|title=Repositorio Académico – Universidad de Chile|accessdate=June 3, 2015}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.revistas.uchile.cl/|title=Portal de Revistas Académicas de la Universidad de Chile|accessdate=June 3, 2015}} 27. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.libros.uchile.cl/index.php/sisib|title=Portal de Libros Electrónicos – Universidad de Chile|accessdate=June 3, 2015}} 28. ^Arte y cultura www.uchile.cl 29. ^Memoria chilena, Eloísa Díaz y Amanda Labarca www.memoriachilena.cl 30. ^170 aniversario, Primeras mujeres universitarias. www.uchile.cl 31. ^Educarchile, Amanda Labarca. www.educarchile.cl 32. ^Presentación de la Universidad de Chile, grandes figuras, premios nacionales "Gabriela Mistral" www.uchile.cl 33. ^Grandes figuras, Premio Nobel “Gabriela Mistral y la Universidad de Chile” www.uchile.cl 34. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20141209125904/http://www.caminoagabrielamistral.cl/book-page/vida-1945-1957 Camino a Gabriela Mistral, "Vida 1945–1957] www.caminoagabrielamistral.cl 35. ^"Oración del Rector de la Universidad de Chile, don Juan Gómez Millas" 21 de enero de 1957 www.uchile.cl 36. ^Grandes figuras, Premio Nobel “Pablo Neruda como estudiante” www.uchile.cl 37. ^Donación de los libros y caracolas del poeta, a la Universidad de Chile www.neruda.uchile.cl 38. ^La historia del primer e-mail chileno www.latercera.com 39. ^[https://www.fayerwayer.com/2007/10/eolian-primer-auto-solar-chileno-parte-a-la-world-solar-challenge/ Eolian: Primer auto solar chileno parte a la World Solar Challenge] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150402114221/https://www.fayerwayer.com/2007/10/eolian-primer-auto-solar-chileno-parte-a-la-world-solar-challenge/ |date=April 2, 2015 }} www.fayerwayer.com 40. ^Ganadores del Premio Nobel de Física reconocen aporte investigadores CATA en la astronomía www.cata.cl 41. ^Investigación en cifras www.uchile.cl 42. ^{{cite web|url=http://uchile.cl/u49740|title=General information|accessdate=June 3, 2015}}
External links{{commons category|Universidad de Chile}}
7 : Andrés Bello|University of Chile|Universities in Chile|Educational institutions established in 1842|Forestry education|Universities in Santiago Metropolitan Region|1842 establishments in Chile |
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