“1987 Portuguese legislative election”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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1987 Portuguese legislative election

释义

Electoral system
Parties
Opinion Polling
National summary of votes and seats
Distribution by constituency Maps
References
External links
See also

{{Infobox election
| election_name = 1987 Portuguese legislative election
| country = Portugal
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = 1985 Portuguese legislative election
| previous_year = 1985
| next_election = 1991 Portuguese legislative election
| next_year = 1991
| seats_for_election = 250 seats to the Portuguese Assembly
| majority_seats = 125
| registered = 7,930,668 {{increase}}1.4%
| turnout = 5,676,358 (71.6%)
{{decrease}}2.6 pp
| election_date = 19 July 1987
| image1 =
| leader1 = Aníbal Cavaco Silva
| party1 = Social Democratic Party (Portugal)
| leader_since1 = 2 June 1985
| leaders_seat1 = Lisbon^[1]
| last_election1 = 88 seats, 29.9%
| seats1 = 148
| seat_change1 = {{Increase}} 60
| popular_vote1 = 2,850,784
| percentage1 = 50.2%
| swing1 = {{Increase}} 20.3 pp
| image2 =
| leader2 = Vítor Constâncio
| party2 = Socialist Party (Portugal)
| leader_since2 = 29 June 1986
| leaders_seat2 = Lisbon^[2]
| last_election2 = 57 seats, 20.8%
| seats2 = 60
| seat_change2 = {{Increase}} 3
| popular_vote2 = 1,262,506
| percentage2 = 22.2%
| swing2 = {{Increase}} 1.4 pp
| image3 =
| colour3 = FF0000
| leader3 = Álvaro Cunhal
| party3 = PCP
| alliance3 = CDU
| leader_since3 = 30 September 1987
| leaders_seat3 = Lisbon
| last_election3 = 38 seats, 15.5%
| seats3 = 31
| seat_change3 = {{Decrease}} 7
| popular_vote3 = 689,137
| percentage3 = 12.1%
| swing3 = {{decrease}} 3.4 pp
| image4 =
| leader4 = Ramalho Eanes
| party4 = PRD
| colour4 = 00B233
| leader_since4 = 1986
| leaders_seat4 = Lisbon
| last_election4 = 45 seats, 17.9%
| seats4 = 7
| seat_change4 = {{decrease}} 38
| popular_vote4 = 278,561
| percentage4 = 4.9%
| swing4 = {{decrease}} 13.0 pp
| image5 =
| leader5 = Adriano Moreira
| party5 = CDS
| colour5 = 0093DD
| leader_since5 = 24 February 1985
| leaders_seat5 = Lisbon
| last_election5 = 22 seats, 10.0%
| seats5 = 4
| seat_change5 = {{decrease}} 18
| popular_vote5 = 251,987
| percentage5 = 4.4%
| swing5 = {{decrease}} 5.6 pp
| title = Prime Minister
| posttitle =
| before_election = Aníbal Cavaco Silva
| before_party = Social Democratic Party (Portugal)
| after_election = Aníbal Cavaco Silva
| after_party = Social Democratic Party (Portugal)
}}{{Politics of Portugal small}}

The Portuguese legislative election of 1987 took place on 19 July. In the previous election, in 1985, the Social Democratic Party had won a minority government managing to survive in coalition with the Democratic and Social Center and the Democratic Renewal Party, and after the approval of a no-confidence motion from the left-wing parties, with the aid of the Democratic Renewal Party, the government fell and Mário Soares, the President at the time, called for a new election.

The PSD was elected to a landslide majority government—the biggest that a Portuguese party had ever won in a free election. Although the PSD was very popular going into the election, the size of its victory far exceeded the party's most optimistic expectations. The left-wing Democratic Unity Coalition lost some of its MPs to the Socialist Party and the Democratic Renovator Party lost almost all of its influence, mainly due to its responsibility in the fall of the former government. The right-wing Democratic and Social Center lost almost half of its vote share, due to the effect of tactical voting for the also right-wing, Social Democratic Party.

European elections were held on the same day.

Electoral system

The Parliament of the Portuguese Republic consists of a single chamber, the Assembly of the Republic, composed of 250 members directly elected by universal adult suffrage for a maximum term of four years. Assembly members represent the entire country, rather than the constituencies in which they were elected. Governments require majority support in the Assembly in order to remain in office.

Each one of Portugal's eighteen administrative districts, as well as each one of the country's two autonomous regions - the Azores and Madeira - is an electoral constituency. Portuguese voters residing outside the national territory are grouped into two electoral constituencies - Europe and the rest of the world - each one of which elects two Assembly members. The remaining 246 seats are allocated among the national territory constituencies in proportion to their number of registered electors.

Political parties and party coalitions may present lists of candidates. The lists are closed, so electors may not choose individual candidates in or alter the order of such lists. Electors cast a ballot for a single list. The seats in each constituency are divided among parties according to the largest average method of proportional representation (PR), conceived by the Belgian mathematician Victor d'Hondt in 1899. Although there is no statutory threshold for participation in the allocation of Assembly seats, there is an effective threshold at the constituency level that depends on the district magnitude.^[3] The use of the d'Hondt method makes for a higher effective threshold than certain other allocation method such as the Hare quota or Sainte-Laguë method, which are more generous to small parties.^[4]

Parties

The major parties involved and the respective leaders:

Democratic Unity Coalition (CDU), Álvaro Cunhal
Socialist Party (PS), Vítor Constâncio
Democratic Renewal Party (PRD), Ramalho Eanes
Social Democratic Party (PSD), Cavaco Silva
Democratic and Social Center (CDS), Adriano Moreira

Aníbal Cavaco Silva, leader of the Social Democratic Party, was nominated Prime Minister.

Opinion Polling

The following table shows the opinion polls of voting intention of the Portuguese voters before the election. Those parties that are listed are currently represented in parliament. Included is also the result of the Portuguese general elections in 1985 and 1987 for reference.

Date Released	Polling Firm	PSD	PS	CDU	PRD	CDS	Others	Lead
Date Released	Polling Firm						Others	Lead
19 Jul 1987	Leg. Election	50.2 148 seats	22.2 60 seats	12.1 31 seats	4.9 7 seats	4.4 4 seats	6.2 0 seats	28.0
19 Jul	RTP1	48.0–50.0	21.0–23.0	12.5–14.5	5.0–7.0	3.0–5.0	–	27.0
19 Jul	Antena1	45.0–47.0	24.0–25.0	–	–	–	–	21.0–22.0
Exit polls
17 Jul	Euroexpansão/Expresso	41.0–44.0	22.0–25.0	13.0–15.0	11.0–14.0	4.0–6.0	–	19.0
1987
6 Oct 1985	Leg. Election	29.9 88 seats	20.8 57 seats	15.5 38 seats	17.9 45 seats	10.0 22 seats	5.9 0 seats	9.1

National summary of votes and seats

{{electiontable|Portuguese parliamentary election, 1987|Summary of the 19 July 1987 Assembly of the Republic elections results|editlink=yes}}
|-
| colspan=11|
|-

Parties

Votes

MPs

MPs %/
votes %
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9"

1987

±
|-{{Party name with colour|Social Democratic Party (Portugal)|shortname=Social Democratic}}
|2,850,784||50.22||{{Increase}}20.3||88||148||{{Increase}}60||59.20||{{Increase}}24.0||1.18
|-{{Party name with colour|Socialist Party (Portugal)|shortname=Socialist}}
|1,262,506||22.24||{{Increase}}1.4||57||60||{{Increase}}3||24.00||{{Increase}}1.2||1.08
|-{{Party name with colour|Democratic Unity Coalition|shortname=Democratic Unity Coalition}}{{ref label|CDU|A|A}}{{ref label|CDU|B|B}}
|689,137||12.14||{{Decrease}}3.4||38||31||{{Decrease}}7||12.40||{{Decrease}}2.8||1.02
|-{{Party name with colour|Democratic Renewal Party (Portugal)|colour=#00B233|shortname=Democratic Renewal}}
|278,561||4.91||{{Decrease}}13.0||45||7||{{Decrease}}38||2.80||{{Decrease}}15.2||0.57
|-{{Party name with colour|Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party|shortname=Democratic and Social Centre}}
|251,987||4.44||{{Decrease}}5.6||22||4||{{Decrease}}18||1.60||{{Decrease}}7.2||0.36
|-
|style="width: 10px" bgcolor={{Left Bloc/meta/color}} align="center" |
|align=left|People's Democratic Union
|50,717||0.89||{{Decrease}}0.4||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Revolutionary Socialist Party (Portugal)|colour=red|shortname=Revolutionary Socialist}}
|32,977||0.58||{{Decrease}}0.0||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Portuguese Democratic Movement|colour=darkred|shortname=Portuguese Democratic Movement}}
|32,607||0.57||{{N/A}}||{{N/A}}||0||{{N/A}}||0.00||{{N/A}}||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Christian Democratic Party (Portugal)|colour=yellow|shortname=Christian Democratic}}
|31,667||0.56||{{Decrease}}0.1||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|People's Monarchist Party (Portugal)|shortname=People's Monarchist}}
|23,218||0.41||{{N/A}}||{{N/A}}||0||{{N/A}}||0.00||{{N/A}}||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Communist Party of the Portuguese Workers / Reorganizative Movement of the Party of the Proletariat}}
|20,800||0.37||{{Increase}}0.1||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Communist Party (Reconstructed)|colour=red|shortname=Communist Party (Reconstructed)}}
|18,544||0.33||{{Increase}}0.1||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-{{Party name with colour|Workers Party of Socialist Unity}}
|9,185||0.16||{{Decrease}}0.6||0||0||{{steady}}0||0.00||{{steady}}0.0||0.0
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total valid
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|5,552,690
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|97.82
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|{{Increase}}0.3
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|250
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|250
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|{{steady}}0
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|{{steady}}0.0
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|—
|-
|colspan=2|Blank ballots
|50,135||0.88||{{Increase}}0.1||colspan=6 rowspan=3|
|-
|colspan=2|Invalid ballots
|73,533||1.30||{{Decrease}}0.4
|-
|colspan=2 align=left style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|Total (turnout 71.57%)
|width="65" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|5,676,358
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|100.00
|width="40" align="right" style="background-color:#E9E9E9"|{{Decrease}}2.6
|-
| colspan=11 align=left|{{note label|CDU|A|A}}In 1985, as United People Alliance.
{{note label|CDU|B|B}}Portuguese Communist Party (29 MPs) and "The Greens" (2 MPs) ran in coalition.^[5]
|-
| colspan=11 align=left | Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
|}{{bar box
|title=Vote share
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars={{bar percent|PSD|{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}|50.22}}{{bar percent|PS|{{Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}|22.24}}{{bar percent|CDU|{{Portuguese Communist Party/meta/color}}|12.14}}{{bar percent|PRD|#00B233|4.91}}{{bar percent|CDS|{{Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party/meta/color}}|4.44}}{{bar percent|UDP|{{Left Bloc/meta/color}}|0.89}}{{bar percent|PSR|red|0.58}}{{bar percent|MDP|darkred|0.57}}{{bar percent|PDC|#778833|0.56}}{{bar percent|Others|#777777|1.27}}{{bar percent|Blank/Invalid|#DDDDDD|2.18}}
}}{{bar box
|title=Parliamentary seats
|titlebar=#ddd
|width=600px
|barwidth=410px
|bars={{bar percent|PSD|{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}|59.20}}{{bar percent|PS|{{Socialist Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}|24.00}}{{bar percent|CDU|{{Portuguese Communist Party/meta/color}}|12.40}}{{bar percent|PRD|#00B233|2.80}}{{bar percent|CDS|{{Democratic and Social Centre – People's Party/meta/color}}|1.60}}
}}{{clear}}

Distribution by constituency

{{electiontable|Portuguese legislative election, 1987 by constituency|Results of the 1987 election of the Portuguese Assembly of the Republic
by constituency|sortable=yes}}
|- class="unsortable"

Constituency

Total
S
|- class="unsortable" style="text-align:center;"

PSD

CDU

PRD

CDS
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Azores
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|66.7
| 4
| 20.0
| 1
| 2.3
| -
| 3.0
| -
| 3.3
| -
| 5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Aveiro
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|60.4
| 11
| 22.9
| 4
| 4.4
| -
| 2.7
| -
| 5.3
| -
| 15
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Beja
| 24.5
| 1
| 20.3
| 1
| style="background:red; color:white;"|38.7
| 3
| 5.7
| -
| 2.0
| -
| 5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Braga
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|53.4
| 10
| 25.9
| 5
| 6.1
| 1
| 3.3
| -
| 5.9
| 1
| 17
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Bragança
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|60.8
| 3
| 19.2
| 1
| 3.2
| -
| 1.3
| -
| 7.6
| -
| 4
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Castelo Branco
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|52.1
| 4
| 22.4
| 2
| 7.1
| -
| 6.0
| -
| 4.7
| -
| 6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Coimbra
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|50.0
| 6
| 28.7
| 4
| 7.2
| 1
| 3.5
| -
| 4.5
| -
| 11
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Évora
| 32.1
| 2
| 15.4
| -
| style="background:red; color:white;"|36.2
| 2
| 7.7
| -
| 2.1
| -
| 4
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Faro
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|46.7
| 5
| 24.9
| 3
| 10.9
| 1
| 6.3
| -
| 3.1
| -
| 9
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Guarda
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|60.0
| 4
| 21.8
| 1
| 3.3
| -
| 2.0
| -
| 6.6
| -
| 5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Leiria
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|60.8
| 9
| 18.7
| 2
| 5.9
| -
| 3.0
| -
| 6.0
| -
| 11
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Lisbon
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|45.8
| 28
| 21.2
| 12
| 16.5
| 10
| 6.9
| 4
| 3.7
| 2
| 56
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Madeira
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|65.5
| 4
| 16.2
| 1
| 1.9
| -
| 3.3
| -
| 5.2
| -
| 5
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Portalegre
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|37.4
| 1
| 25.1
| 1
| 20.9
| 1
| 6.3
| -
| 3.1
| -
| 3
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Porto
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|50.9
| 22
| 26.7
| 11
| 9.4
| 4
| 4.0
| 1
| 4.0
| 1
| 39
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Santarém
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|47.9
| 7
| 21.7
| 3
| 12.6
| 1
| 7.3
| 1
| 3.6
| -
| 12
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Setúbal
| 32.6
| 6
| 17.6
| 3
| style="background:red; color:white;"|32.7
| 7
| 8.7
| 1
| 1.9
| -
| 17
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Viana do Castelo
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|54.5
| 5
| 20.3
| 1
| 6.3
| -
| 4.8
| -
| 7.7
| -
| 6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Vila Real
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|62.5
| 5
| 20.3
| 1
| 4.1
| -
| 1.4
| -
| 5.0
| -
| 6
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Viseu
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|64.1
| 8
| 17.9
| 2
| 2.9
| -
| 1.7
| -
| 7.0
| -
| 10
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Europe
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|37.0
| 1
| 28.4
| 1
| 15.9
| -
| 4.9
| -
| 6.6
| -
| 2
|-
| style="text-align:left;" | Rest of the World
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|63.2
| 2
| 7.3
| -
| 1.4
| -
| 1.7
| -
| 19.9
| -
| 2
|-
|- class="unsortable" style="background:#E9E9E9"
| style="text-align:left;" | Total
| style="background:{{Social Democratic Party (Portugal)/meta/color}}; color:white;"|50.2
| 148
| 22.2
| 60
| 12.1
| 31
| 4.9
| 7
| 4.4
| 4
| 250
|-
| colspan=12 style="text-align:left;" | Source: Comissão Nacional de Eleições
|}

Maps

References

1. ^Assembleia da República - Deputados e Grupos Parlamentares
2. ^Assembleia da República - Deputados e Grupos Parlamentares
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/ElSystems/Docts/effthresh.php |title=Effective threshold in electoral systems |publisher=Trinity College, Dublin |date= |accessdate=2015-10-21}}
4. ^Gallaher, Michael (1992). "[https://www.tcd.ie/Political_Science/staff/michael_gallagher/BJPS1992.pdf Comparing Proportional Representation Electoral Systems: Quotas, Thresholds, Paradoxes and Majorities]"
5. ^{{Cite web |url=http://www.parlamento.pt/DeputadoGP/Paginas/resultadoseleitorais.aspx |title=Electoral results - Assembly of the Republic |access-date=2012-09-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716124949/http://www.parlamento.pt/DeputadoGP/Paginas/resultadoseleitorais.aspx |archive-date=2012-07-16 |dead-url=yes |df= }}

External links

Comissão Nacional de Eleições
[https://web.archive.org/web/20060818153627/http://www.iscsp.utl.pt/~cepp/abertura.php Centro de Estudos do Pensamento Político]

Electoral system

Parties

Opinion Polling

National summary of votes and seats

Distribution by constituency

Maps

References

External links

See also