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词条 1.1.1.1
释义

  1. Service

  2. Exposure of abuse

  3. Cleanup of {{IPaddr|1.1.1.1}} and {{IPaddr|1.0.0.1}}

  4. Warp

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Use mdy dates|date=April 2019}}1.1.1.1 is a free Domain Name System (DNS) service. The public DNS service and servers are maintained and owned by Cloudflare in partnership with APNIC.[1] The service functions as a recursive name server providing domain name resolution for any host on the Internet. The service was announced on April 1, 2018,[2] and is claimed by Cloudflare to be "the Internet's fastest, privacy-first consumer DNS service".[3] On November 11, 2018, Cloudflare announced a mobile version of their 1.1.1.1 service for iOS and Android.[4]

Service

The 1.1.1.1 DNS service operates recursive name servers for public use at the four following IP addresses:[5]

IPv41.1.1.1

1.0.0.1

IPv62606:4700:4700::1111

2606:4700:4700::1001

The addresses are mapped to the nearest operational server by anycast routing.[6] The DNS service is also available for Tor clients.[7]

Exposure of abuse

Technology websites noted that by using {{IPaddr|1.1.1.1}} as the IP address for its service, Cloudflare exposed misconfigurations in existing setups that violated internet standards (such as RFC1918). {{IPaddr|1.1.1.1}} was not a reserved IP address, and was abused by many existing routers (mostly those sold by Cisco Systems) and companies for hosting login pages to private networks, exit pages or other purposes, rendering the proper routing of {{IPaddr|1.1.1.1}} impossible on those systems.[8][9] Additionally, {{IPaddr|1.1.1.1}} is blocked on many networks and by multiple ISPs because the simplicity of the address means that it was previously often used inappropriately for testing purposes and not legitimate use.[8] These previous uses have led to a huge influx of garbage data to Cloudflare's servers.[9]

Cleanup of {{IPaddr|1.1.1.1}} and {{IPaddr|1.0.0.1}}

The {{IPaddr|1.0.0.0|8}} IP block was assigned in 2010 to APNIC;[10] before this time it was unassigned space.[11] An unassigned IP space, however is not the same as a reserved IP space for private use (called a reserved IP address).[12] For example, AT&T has said it is working on fixing this issue[13] within its CPE hardware.

Warp

On April 1, 2019, Cloudflare announced they were planning to launch a VPN service called Warp which would be built into the 1.1.1.1 mobile app. The standard service would be provided for free, with a paid tier which includes additional features.[14]

See also

  • Public recursive name server
  • DNS over HTTPS
  • DNS over TLS
  • Open Root Server Network

References

1. ^[https://blog.apnic.net/2018/04/02/apnic-labs-enters-into-a-research-agreement-with-cloudflare/ APNIC Labs enters into a research agreement with Cloudflare], Geoff Huston, APNIC Blog, April 2, 2018
2. ^[https://www.theverge.com/2018/4/1/17185732/cloudflare-dns-service-1-1-1-1 Cloudflare launches 1.1.1.1 DNS service that will speed up your internet] The Verge, April 1, 2018
3. ^[https://blog.cloudflare.com/announcing-1111/ Announcing 1.1.1.1: the fastest, privacy-first consumer DNS service], Official Cloudflare Blog
4. ^{{cite web |last1=Cimpanu |first1=Catalin |title=Cloudflare launches Android and iOS apps for its 1.1.1.1 service {{!}} ZDNet |url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/cloudflare-launches-android-and-ios-apps-for-its-1-1-1-1-service/ |website=ZDNet |language=en}}
5. ^[https://developers.cloudflare.com/1.1.1.1/setting-up-1.1.1.1/ Setting Up 1.1.1.1] Speed
6. ^[https://blog.cloudflare.com/dns-resolver-1-1-1-1/ Introducing DNS Resolver, 1.1.1.1 (not a joke)] DNS resolver, {{IPaddr|1.1.1.1}}, is served by Cloudflare’s Global Anycast Network.
7. ^{{cite web|title=Introducing DNS Resolver for Tor|url=https://blog.cloudflare.com/welcome-hidden-resolver/|publisher=Cloudflare|date=June 5, 2018|accessdate=October 1, 2018}}
8. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://itknowledgeexchange.techtarget.com/sql-server/5-reasons-cloudflare-putting-1-1-1-1-horrible/|title=5 reasons Cloudflare's roll-out of 1.1.1.1 has been a disaster|last=Cherry|first=Denny|date=April 5, 2018|work=Tech Target|access-date=April 26, 2018|language=en-US}}
9. ^1 {{Cite news|url=https://www.zdnet.com/article/1-1-1-1-cloudflares-new-dns-attracting-gigabits-per-second-of-rubbish/|title=1.1.1.1: Cloudflare's new DNS attracting 'gigabits per second' of rubbish|last=|first=|date=April 4, 2018|work=ZDNet|access-date=April 26, 2018|language=en}}
10. ^{{Cite news|url=http://seclists.org/nanog/2010/Jan/776|title=1/8 and 27/8 allocated to APNIC|last=|first=|date=January 21, 2010|work=NANOG|access-date=May 3, 2018|language=en}}
11. ^List of assigned /8 IPv4 address blocks
12. ^[https://blog.cloudflare.com/fixing-reachability-to-1-1-1-1-globally/ Fixing reachability to 1.1.1.1, GLOBALLY!], by Marty Strong, April 10, 2018
13. ^[https://twitter.com/billplein/status/981333404397588480 Tweet by @billplein, 3 April 2018]
14. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.engadget.com/2019/04/01/cloudflares-privacy-focused-dns-app-adds-a-free-vpn/|title=Cloudflare's privacy-focused DNS app adds a free VPN|last=Khalid|first=Amrita|date=April 2, 2019|website=Engadget|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190402052051/https://www.engadget.com/2019/04/01/cloudflares-privacy-focused-dns-app-adds-a-free-vpn/|archive-date=April 2, 2019|dead-url=no|access-date=April 2, 2019}}

External links

  • {{Official website|https://1.1.1.1/}}
  • [https://www.dnsperf.com/#!dns-resolvers DNS Performance Analytics and Comparison]

3 : Alternative Internet DNS services|Internet properties established in 2018|IP addresses
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