词条 | 120-gon | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
释义 |
In geometry, a 120-gon is a polygon with 120 sides. The sum of any 120-gon's interior angles is 21240 degrees. Alternative names include dodecacontagon and hecatonicosagon.[1] Regular 120-gon propertiesA regular 120-gon is represented by Schläfli symbol {120} and also can be constructed as a truncated hexacontagon, t{60}, or a twice-truncated triacontagon, tt{30}, or a thrice-truncated pentadecagon, ttt{15}. One interior angle in a regular 120-gon is 177°, meaning that one exterior angle would be 3°. The area of a regular 120-gon is (with {{nowrap|t {{=}} edge length}}) and its inradius is The circumradius of a regular 120-gon is This means that the trigonometric functions of π/120 can be expressed in radicals. {{See|Trigonometric_constants_expressed_in_real_radicals#1.5°: regular hecatonicosagon (120-sided polygon)}}ConstructibleSince 120 = 23 × 3 × 5, a regular 120-gon is constructible using a compass and straightedge.[2] As a truncated hexacontagon, it can be constructed by an edge-bisection of a regular hexacontagon. SymmetryThe regular 120-gon has Dih120 dihedral symmetry, order 240, represented by 120 lines of reflection. Dih120 has 15 dihedral subgroups: (Dih60, Dih30, Dih15), (Dih40, Dih20, Dih10, Dih5), (Dih24, Dih12, Dih6, Dih3), and (Dih8, Dih4, Dih2, Dih1). And 16 more cyclic symmetries: (Z120, Z60, Z30, Z15), (Z40, Z20, Z10, Z5), (Z24, Z12, Z6, Z3), and (Z8, Z4, Z2,Z1), with Zn representing π/n radian rotational symmetry. These 32 symmetries are related to 44 distinct symmetries on the 120-gon. John Conway labels these lower symmetries with a letter and order of the symmetry follows the letter.[3] He gives d (diagonal) with mirror lines through vertices, p with mirror lines through edges (perpendicular), i with mirror lines through both vertices and edges, and g for rotational symmetry. a1 labels no symmetry. These lower symmetries allows degrees of freedom in defining irregular 120-gons. Only the g120 symmetry has no degrees of freedom but can seen as directed edges. DissectionCoxeter states that every zonogon (a 2m-gon whose opposite sides are parallel and of equal length) can be dissected into m(m-1)/2 parallelograms.[4]In particular this is true for regular polygons with evenly many sides, in which case the parallelograms are all rhombi. For the regular 120-gon, m=60, and it can be divided into 1770: 30 squares and 29 sets of 60 rhombs. This decomposition is based on a Petrie polygon projection of a 60-cube. 120-gramA 120-gram is a 120-sided star polygon. There are 15 regular forms given by Schläfli symbols {120/7}, {120/11}, {120/13}, {120/17}, {120/19}, {120/23}, {120/29}, {120/31}, {120/37}, {120/41}, {120/43}, {120/47}, {120/49}, {120/53}, and {120/59}, as well as 44 compound star figures with the same vertex configuration.
References1. ^Norman Johnson, Geometries and Transformations (2018), Chapter 11, section 11.5 Spherical Coxeter groups, 11.5 full polychoric groups {{Polygons}}2. ^Constructible Polygon 3. ^John H. Conway, Heidi Burgiel, Chaim Goodman-Strauss, (2008) The Symmetries of Things, {{ISBN|978-1-56881-220-5}} (Chapter 20, Generalized Schaefli symbols, Types of symmetry of a polygon pp. 275-278) 4. ^Coxeter, Mathematical recreations and Essays, Thirteenth edition, p.141 2 : Polygons|Constructible polygons |
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