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词条 120 mm 50 caliber Pattern 1905
释义

  1. History

  2. Construction

  3. Naval Use

  4. Ammunition

  5. Photo Gallery

  6. References

  7. Notes

  8. External links

{{Infobox weapon
|name=120 mm 50 caliber Pattern 1905
|image=Tykki 120 50.JPG
|image_size=300
|caption=An open twin-mount Pattern 1905 in Finnish service.
|origin=Great Britain
|type=Naval gun
Coastal artillery
Railway artillery
|is_ranged=yes
|is_bladed=
|is_explosive=yes
|is_artillery=yes
|is_vehicle=
|is_UK=yes
|service=1905-1950's
|used_by=Russian Empire
Soviet Union
Finland
|wars=World War I
Russian Civil War
Winter War
World War II
|designer=Vickers
|design_date=1905
|manufacturer=Vickers
Obukhov State Plant
|production_date=1905
|number=210
|variants=
|weight={{convert|3.1|t|ST|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|length={{convert|6|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}} 50 caliber
|part_length={{convert|5.8|m|ftin|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|width=
|height=
|crew=
|cartridge=Fixed QF ammunition
|cartridge_weight={{convert|20.4-29|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|caliber={{convert|120|mm|in|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|action=
|rate=6-7 rpm
|velocity={{convert|792|m/s|ft/s|sp=us|abbr=on}}
|range=
|max_range={{convert|13.7|km|mi|sp=us|abbr=on}} at +20°[1]
|breech=
|recoil=
|carriage=
|elevation=Single mount: -10° to +20°
Twin mount: -3° to +27°[2]
|traverse=360°
}}

The 120 mm 50 caliber Pattern 1905 was a Russian naval gun developed by Vickers for export in the years before World War I that armed a variety of warships of the Imperial Russian Navy. Guns salvaged from scrapped ships found a second life as coastal artillery, railway artillery and aboard river monitors during the Russian Civil War.[1] It was estimated that there were 110 guns in the Soviet Navy's inventory in 1941. Of these, 39 were in the Baltic Fleet, 20 in the Black sea Fleet, 24 in the Amur Flotilla, 11 in the Pacific Fleet and 6 in the Pinsk flotilla in World War II.[2]

History

The Pattern 1905 began life as a Vickers design produced in Great Britain for export customers. The Pattern 1905 was also produced under license at the Obukhov State Plant in St. Petersburg, Russia.

Construction

The Pattern 1905 was a built-up gun which consisted of an A tube, three layers of reinforcing tubes, a jacket and a breech piece which screwed onto the jacket.[1] Once Obhukov started production the Vickers guns were referred to as model 1 guns, while those manufactured by Obukhov were referred to as model 2 guns.[2] By 1918 it was estimated that 180 guns had been completed with another 20 partially complete. A few more were finished between 1921-24 from existing stocks.[3]

Naval Use

The Pattern 1905 guns armed armored cruisers, dreadnought battleships, gunboats, icebreakers and river monitors of the Imperial Russian Navy and Soviet Navy built or refit between 1905-1924.

Armored cruisers:
  • Russian cruiser Rurik - The anti-torpedo boat armament of this ship consisted of twenty Pattern 1905 guns in casemates amidships.[4]
Dreadnought battleships:
  • Gangut-class battleships - The four ships of this class had an anti-torpedo boat armament of sixteen Pattern 1905 guns in casemates amidships.[4]
Gunboats:
  • Kars-class gunboats - The two ships of this class were built with a primary armament of two Pattern 1905 guns on open mounts.[5]
  • Gilyak-class gunboats - The four ships of this class were built with a primary armament of two Pattern 1905 guns on open mounts.[6]
Icebreakers:
  • Three Finnish Icebreakers the Sampo, Tarmo and Voima were briefly armed with Pattern 1905 guns in open twin-mounts. The guns were found to be too heavy and their recoil forces were too strong for the ships and were removed.[2]
River monitors:
  • Tayfun-class river monitors - The eight ships of this class were built with a secondary armament of four Pattern 1905 guns in two twin-turrets amidships.[7]

Ammunition

Ammunition was of Fixed QF type and weighed between {{convert|20.4-29|kg|lb|sp=us|abbr=on}}.

The gun was able to fire:

  • Common
  • High Explosive
  • Illumination
  • Incendiary
  • SAP
  • Shrapnel[1]

Photo Gallery

References

  • {{cite book|title=Naval Weapons of World War One|last=Friedman|first=Norman|publisher=Seaforth|year=2011|isbn=978-1-84832-100-7|location=Barnsley, South Yorkshire, UK}}

Notes

1. ^1 2 3 {{Cite book|url=https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/751804655|title=Naval weapons of World War One|last=Friedman|first=Norman|date=2011|publisher=Seaforth Pub|year=|isbn=9781848321007|location=S. Yorkshire|pages=|oclc=751804655}}
2. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.jaegerplatoon.net/COASTAL_ARTILLERY2.htm|title=FINNISH ARMY 1918 - 1945: HEAVY COASTAL GUNS|website=www.jaegerplatoon.net|access-date=2017-07-29}}
3. ^1 2 {{Cite web|url=http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_47-50_m1905.php|title=Russia / USSR 120 mm/50 (4.7") Pattern 1905 - NavWeaps|last=DiGiulian|first=Tony|website=www.navweaps.com|language=en|access-date=2017-07-29}}
4. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_sevastopol.htm|title=Севастополь battleships (1914 - 1915) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-07-30}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_kars.htm|title=Карс gunboats (1910) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-07-30}}
6. ^{{Cite web|url=http://wunderwafe.ru/Magazine/MK/1997_02/12.htm|title=120/50-мм пушка Виккерса|website=wunderwafe.ru|access-date=2017-07-30}}
7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_tayfun.htm|title=Тайфун river gunboats (monitors) (1910) - Imperial Russian Navy / Soviet Navy (Russia / USSR)|last=|first=|date=|website=www.navypedia.org|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2017-07-30}}

External links

  • http://www.navweaps.com/Weapons/WNRussian_47-50_m1905.php
  • http://www.jaegerplatoon.net/COASTAL_ARTILLERY2.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_kars.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_of_tayfun.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_cr_ryurik.htm
  • http://www.navypedia.org/ships/russia/ru_bb_sevastopol.htm
  • http://wunderwafe.ru/Magazine/MK/1997_02/12.htm
{{DEFAULTSORT:120 mm 50 caliber Pattern 1905}}

6 : Naval guns of Russia|Artillery of the Soviet Union|Coastal artillery|Railway guns|120 mm artillery|Obukhov State Plant products
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