| 词条 | Barbican tube station |
| 释义 |
| symbol = underground | name = Barbican | alt_name = | manager = London Underground | owner = | locale = Barbican | borough = City of London | platforms = 4 (2 in use) | fare_zone = 1 | railcode = ZBB | image_name = File:Barbican tube station platform view with estate tower.jpg | imagesize = x265px | image_alt = A picture of a railway station in a city taken from an elevated concrete platform, sheltered in the background, with two sets of two tracks each and sheltered platforms on either side. A man and a woman are sitting on a wooden bench in the foreground facing left. In the background the tracks disappear into two tunnel portals. Brick buildings rise on all three sides of the cutting; two large concrete towers rise behind them in the centre and on the right. | caption = View of Barbican station platforms, with the Barbican Estate towers in the background, 2014 | coordinates = {{coord|51.5202|-0.0977|type:railwaystation_region:GB|display=inline,title}} | map_type = Central London | years1 = {{start date|23 December 1865}} | years2 = 1 November 1910 | years3 = 24 October 1924 | years4 = 1 December 1968 | years5 = 1976 | years6 = 1982 | years7 = 2009 | years8 = | events1 = Opened as Aldersgate Street[1][2] | events2 = Renamed Aldersgate[1][2] | events3 = Renamed Aldersgate & Barbican[1][2] | events4 = Renamed Barbican[1][2][3] | events5 = Services from Great Northern line via Widened Lines ceased | events6 = Electrified services from Bedford commenced | events7 = Thameslink services ceased | events8 = | railexits0607 = {{pad|1em}}0.045 | railexits0708 = {{increase}} 0.052 | railexits0809 = {{decrease}} 0 (closed)
Barbican is a London Underground station situated near the Barbican Estate, on the edge of the ward of Farringdon Within, in the City of London in Central London. It has been known by various names since its opening in 1865, mostly in reference to the neighbouring ward of Aldersgate. The station is served by the Circle, Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan lines, and is situated between {{LUL stations|station=Farringdon}} and Moorgate stations, in Travelcard Zone 1.[4] Until 2009, Barbican was additionally served by Thameslink services to and from Moorgate. LocationBarbican station lies in an east-west-aligned cutting with cut-and-cover tunnels at either end.[5] The modern entrance gives access from Aldersgate Street, through a 1990s building,[12] to a much older footbridge leading to the eastern end of the platforms.{{#tag:ref|Aldersgate Street is where the station has always stood. The street itself took its name from Aldersgate, a gate in the old London Wall.[6]|group=note}} To the north of the station are the rears of buildings that face onto Charterhouse Street, Charterhouse Square and Carthusian Street.[5] To the south are the rears of buildings that face onto Long Lane, and to the west is Hayne Street.[5] The station is close to the Barbican Estate, Barbican Centre, City of London School for Girls, St Bartholomew-the-Great, and Smithfield.[5] HistoryThe station was opened with the name Aldersgate Street[1] on 23 December 1865[2] on the Moorgate extension from Farringdon.[7] The station's name was shortened to Aldersgate on 1 November 1910[1][2] and it was renamed again on 24 October 1924 as Aldersgate & Barbican.[1][2] On 1 December 1968 the station's name was simplified to Barbican.[1][2][3] Train services were disrupted during the Second World War when the station suffered severe bomb damage in the Blitz, particularly in December 1940.[8] This led to the removal of the upper floors,[6] and in 1955 the remainder of the street-level building was also demolished and the glass roof was replaced with awnings.[9][10] This urged John Betjeman to write his poem Monody on the Death of Aldersgate Station.[10][11] Increasing traffic by other companies, including goods traffic, led to the track between King's Cross and Moorgate being widened to four tracks in 1868; the route was called the 'City Widened Lines'. Suburban services from the Midland Railway ran via Kentish Town and the Great Northern Railway ran via Kings Cross. British Rail services to Moorgate were initially steam operated before being converted to Cravens-built diesel multiple units and British Rail Class 31 locomotives class hauling non-corridor stock which remained in operation until the mid-1970s. Passenger trains from the Great Northern line, via the York Road and Hotel curves at King's Cross to the Widened Lines, ran until the Great Northern's electrification on 1976. The City Widened Lines were renamed the Moorgate line[12] when overhead electrification was installed in 1982, allowing the Midland City Line service to run from Bedford via the Midland Main Line to Moorgate on the Thameslink service. The Thameslink platforms at Barbican were closed again in March 2009 as part of the Thameslink Programme to allow {{LUL stations|station=Farringdon}} to have its main line platforms extended across Thameslink's Moorgate branch.[7][13] As a result, Barbican now serves Underground lines only. Incidents and accidentsOn 16 December 1866 three passengers were killed, a guard was seriously injured and one other person suffered shock when a girder collapsed onto a passenger train in the station.[14] The accident was the first to include multiple passengers on the underground network. Four people died during the accident, and a fifth (a workman involved in the accident) died while awaiting trial. Service on the line was running again only 30 minutes after the accident.[15] Station buildingThe station replaced an earlier building at 134 Aldersgate Street, which for many years had a sign claiming "This was Shakespeare's House".[16] Although the building was very close to the nearby Fortune Playhouse, there is no documentary evidence that Shakespeare lived there; a subsidy roll from 1598 shows a "William Shakespeare" as the owner of the property, but there is nothing to indicate that it is the playwright.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} The station has no surface building.[17] The station todayThe station is mostly open to the elements,[6] though there are some short canopies. The remains of the supporting structure for a glass canopy over all four platforms (removed in the 1950s)[6] may still clearly be seen. At the west end of the platforms may be seen the beginnings of the complex of tunnels leading under Smithfield meat market.[18] Livestock for the market was at one time delivered by rail and there was a substantial goods yard under the site of the market.[19][20] Platform 1 is the most northerly, serving eastbound London Underground services.[21][22] Platforms 2 and 3 form an island platform, with platform 2 serving westbound services.[21][22] Platforms 3 and 4 are out of use.[6] A display on the history of the station, including text and photographs, is just inside the barriers, on the southern side of the main entrance corridor.{{citation needed|date=May 2015}} Services and ConnectionsThe station is served by the Metropolitan, Hammersmith & City and Circle lines. All three lines share the same pair of tracks from Baker Street Junction to Aldgate Junction making this section of track one of the most intensely used on the London Underground network. Circle lineThe typical service in trains per hour (tph) is:[23]
Hammersmith & City lineThe typical service in trains per hour (tph) is:[23]
Metropolitan lineThe Metropolitan Line is the only line to operate express services, though currently this is only during peak times (Westbound 06:30-09:30 / Eastbound 16:00-19:00). Fast services run non-stop between Wembley Park, Harrow-On-The-Hill and Moor Park, Semi-fast services run non-stop between Wembley Park and Harrow-On-The-Hill.[24] The typical off-peak service in trains per hour (tph) is:[25]
Off-peak services to/from Watford terminate at Baker Street The typical peak time service in trains per hour (tph) is:[25]
ConnectionsLondon Buses routes 4, 56 and 153 serve the station.[26]Future developmentWhen Crossrail is completed, {{LUL stations|station=Farringdon}}'s eastern ticket hall will be just to the west of Barbican station, and an interchange is being built here.[27] This has involved significant changes at the western end of the station, including the demolition of the former signal box[6] and the provision of a new footbridge spanning the tracks.[28] Work is anticipated to be completed in 2018.[29] Notes and referencesNotes1. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Butt (1995), page 14 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite web |url=http://underground-history.co.uk/renames.php |title=Renamed Stations |work=Underground History |last=Hywel |first=Williams |date=2004 |accessdate=1 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501104137/http://underground-history.co.uk/renames.php |archivedate=1 May 2015 |deadurl=no}} 3. ^1 Butt (1995), page 26 4. ^{{cite map/Standard Tube Map}} 5. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=https://www.google.com/maps/place/Barbican/@51.52028,-0.09797,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x48761b569de38cd5:0xc891c38c7372282b |title=Barbican Tube Station |website=Google Maps |accessdate=1 May 2015}} 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web |url=http://diamondgeezer.blogspot.com/2013/06/metropolitan-aldersgate.html |title=Barbican |work=Metropolitan |accessdate=1 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501104841/http://diamondgeezer.blogspot.com/2013/06/metropolitan-aldersgate.html |archivedate=1 May 2015 |deadurl=no}} 7. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/hammersmith.html |work=Clive's Underground Line Guides |title=Hammersmith & City line |last=Feather |first=Clive |accessdate=28 April 2015 |deadurl=no |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150408175541/http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/hammersmith.html |archivedate=8 April 2015}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ltmcollection.org/photos/photo/photo.html?_IXSR_=75aNuBeaa6q&_IXMAXHITS_=1&IXinv=1998/35702&IXsummary=results/results&IXsearch=aldersgate%20street&_IXFIRST_=23 |title=Air raid damage on Aldersgate Street |publisher=London Transport Museum |date=1 January 1941 |accessdate=28 April 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428160302/http://www.ltmcollection.org/photos/photo/photo.html?_IXSR_=75aNuBeaa6q&_IXMAXHITS_=1&IXinv=1998%2F35702&IXsummary=results%2Fresults&IXsearch=aldersgate%20street&_IXFIRST_=23 |archivedate=28 April 2015 |deadurl=no }} 9. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.nickcooper.org.uk/subterra/lu/tuaw.htm | title=The Underground at War | publisher=Nick Cooper | year=2010 | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428160524/http://www.nickcooper.org.uk/subterra/lu/tuaw.htm | archivedate=28 April 2015 | deadurl=no}} 10. ^1 {{cite book |last=Martin |first=Andrew |year=2013 |title=Underground Overground: A Passenger's History of the Tube |location=London |publisher=Profile Books |page=33 |ISBN=978-1846684784 }} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=http://itallstartedwithaghost.blogspot.com/2008/05/monody.html|title=It all started with a ghost: A Monody|last=Rhys|date=2008-05-25|website=It all started with a ghost|access-date=2018-10-12}} 12. ^{{cite book |author=Network Rail |authorlink=Network Rail |title=South Zone Sectional Appendix |volume=Module SO |date=April 2001 |id=SO/SA/001A |page=SO280 1/119 }} (Retrieved 2011-12-10) 13. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.thameslinkprogramme.co.uk/faqs/faqs_categories/public_index#question_43 | title=Thameslink Programme - FAQ | publisher=First Capital Connect | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090206014150/http://thameslinkprogramme.co.uk/faqs/faqs_categories/public_index#question_22 |archivedate=6 February 2009 |deadurl=yes}} 14. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.railwaysarchive.co.uk/docsummary.php?docID=1960 |title=Accident Returns: Extract for the Accident at Aldersgate Street on 19th December 1866 |date=11 January 1867 |accessdate=28 April 2015 }} 15. ^{{cite web | url=http://londonist.com/2014/11/disaster-at-barbican-the-tubes-first-tragedy | title=Disaster At Barbican: The Tube's First Tragedy | publisher=Londonist | date=12 November 2014}} 16. ^{{cite book | last=Winter | first=William | title=Seeing Europe with Famous Authors: Literary Shrines of London | publisher=Moffat, Yard & Co | year=1910 | location=London | url=http://www.publishingcentral.com/library/europe-with-authors-1_16.html |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150428155828/http://publishingcentral.com/library/europe-with-authors-1_16.html |archivedate=28 April 2015 |deadurl=no}} 17. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.geofftech.co.uk/tube/facts.html |title=Tube Stations that have no surface buildings |work=Tube Facts and Figures |publisher=Geofftech |accessdate=1 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501090649/http://www.geofftech.co.uk/tube/facts.html |archivedate=1 May 2015 |deadurl=no}} 18. ^{{cite web |url=https://www.flickr.com/photos/dgeezer/9037855254/ |title=Barbican |work= flickr |date=8 June 2013 |accessdate=1 May 2015 |last=diamond |first=geezer |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501110130/https://www.flickr.com/photos/dgeezer/9037855254/in/photostream/ |archivedate=1 May 2015 |deadurl=no}} "The disused signal box, the tunnels beneath Smithfield, and the future Crossrail entrance." 19. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.ianvisits.co.uk/blog/2012/05/25/photos-the-railway-tunnels-underneath-smithfield-meat-market/ |title=Photos – The railway tunnels underneath Smithfield Meat Market |work= Subterranean Stuff, Transport Issues |last=Ian |first=Mansfield |publisher=IanVisits |date=25 May 2012 |accessdate=1 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501130738/http://www.ianvisits.co.uk/blog/2012/05/25/photos-the-railway-tunnels-underneath-smithfield-meat-market/ |archivedate=1 May 2015 |deadurl=no}} 20. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.londonreconnections.com/2012/london-terminals-fullsome-farringdon-part-1/ |work=London Terminals |title=Fulsome Farringdon: Part 1 |publisher=London Reconnections |last=Lemmo |date=25 June 2012 |accessdate=1 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150317181749/http://www.londonreconnections.com/2012/london-terminals-fullsome-farringdon-part-1/ |archivedate=17 March 2015 |deadurl=no}} 21. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/circle.html |last=Feather |first=Clive |title=Circle line |work=Clive's Underground Line Guides |accessdate=1 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501103502/http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/circle.html |archivedate=1 May 2015 |deadurl=no}} 22. ^1 {{cite web |url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/metropolitan.html |last=Feather |first=Clive |title=Metropolitan line |work=Clive's Underground Line Guides |accessdate=1 May 2015 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501115024/http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/metropolitan.html |archivedate=1 May 2015 |deadurl=no}} 23. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/wtt-34-circle-and-hammersmith-and-city.pdf|title=Circle and Hammersmith & City line WTT|last=|first=|date=|website=Transport for London|access-date=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161111061516/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/wtt-34-circle-and-hammersmith-and-city.pdf|archivedate=11 November 2016|df=dmy-all}} 24. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.davros.org/rail/culg/metropolitan.html#services|title=CULG - Metropolitan Line|website=www.davros.org|access-date=2017-03-19}} 25. ^1 {{Cite web|url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/wtt-339-metropolitan.pdf|title=Metropolitan line WTT|last=|first=|date=|website=Transport for London|access-date=|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160701094033/http://content.tfl.gov.uk/wtt-339-metropolitan.pdf|archivedate=1 July 2016|df=dmy-all}} 26. ^{{cite web |url=http://content.tfl.gov.uk/bus-route-maps/barbican-a4-0417.pdf |title=Buses from Barbican |publisher= Transport for London |date=April 2017 |access-date=9 September 2017 |format=PDF }} 27. ^{{cite web |title=Crossrail - Farringdon (1) |publisher=Crossrail |date=February 2005 |url=http://www.crossrail.co.uk/get_asset/2496/0/0/0/0/0/1 |format=PDF |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/5m3PNN89S?url=http://www.crossrail.co.uk/get_asset/2496/0/0/0/0/0/1 |archivedate=16 December 2009 |deadurl=yes |df=dmy }} 28. ^{{cite web |title=Crossrail Context Report: City of London |url=http://www.crossrail.co.uk/assets/library/document/c/original/context_report_cityoflondon.pdf |format=PDF |publisher=Crossrail}}{{dead link|date=May 2015}} 29. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.crossrail.co.uk/construction/crossrail-construction-programme |work=Crossrail Construction Programme |title=Stations — Farringdon |publisher=Crossrail |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20150501162244/http://www.crossrail.co.uk/construction/crossrail-construction-programme |archivedate=1 May 2015 |deadurl=yes |accessdate=1 May 2015 |df=dmy-all }} References{{reflist|2}}Further reading
External links{{Commons category|Barbican tube station}}
City Widened Lines Peak hours only|col={{FCC colour}}}}{{rail line|previous={{LUL stations|station=Farringdon}}|next={{LUL stations|station=Moorgate}}|route=Great Northern Railway Widened Lines|col={{GNR colour}}}}{{s-end}}{{UK railway stations}}{{Transport in London}}{{Circle line navbox}}{{Hammersmith & City line navbox}}{{Metropolitan line navbox}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Barbican Tube Station}} 8 : Circle line stations|Hammersmith & City line stations|Metropolitan line stations|Tube stations in the City of London|Former Metropolitan Railway stations|Railway stations opened in 1865|Railway stations served by Crossrail|Barbican Estate |
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