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词条 1943–1944 Iranian legislative election
释义

  1. Timeline

     Tehran 

  2. Results

  3. References

     Footnotes  Sources 
{{Infobox Election
| election_name = Iranian legislative election, 1943–1944
| country = Iran
| flag_image = State flag of Iran (1933–1964).svg
| type = parliamentary
| ongoing = no
| previous_election = Iranian legislative election, 1941
| previous_year = 1941
| next_election = Iranian legislative election, 1947
| next_year = 1947
| seats_for_election = All 136 seats to the National Consultative Assembly
| election_date = November 1943/February 1944
| image1 =
| leader1 = Sadegh Tabatabai
| party1 = National Union Party
| leaders_seat1 = Tehran
| seats1 = 30
| image2 =
| leader2 = Ziaeddin Tabatabai
| party2 = Fatherland Party
| leaders_seat2 = Yazd
| seats2 = 26
| image3 =
| leader3 = Ali Dashti
| party3 = Justice Party
| leaders_seat3 = Tehran
| seats3 = 15
| image4 =
| leader4 = Soleiman Eskandari
| party4 = Tudeh Party
| leaders_seat4 = Did not stand
| seats4 = 9
| image5 =
| leader5 = Mohammad Mosaddegh{{efn|Mosaddegh took pride of being an Independent politician at the time and was not a member of Iran Party. However his views often coincided with the party which campaigned on his behalf.}}
| party5 = Iran Party
| leaders_seat5 = Tehran
| seats5 = 6
| image6 =
| leader6 = Mostafa Fateh
| party6 = Comrades Party
| leaders_seat6 = Did not stand
| seats6 = 2
| title= Prime Minister
| before_election= Ali Soheili
| after_election= Mohammad Sa'ed
}}

The elections for the 14th Parliament of Iran was held in November 1943–February 1944 and more than 800 candidates ran for 136 seats.

Ervand Abrahamian wrote in 1982 that the elections were "the most prolonged, most competitive and most meaningful of all elections in modern Iran".[1]

Timeline

Tehran

  • 24 November 1943: Start of the election[2]{{rp|263}}
  • 27 November 1943: End of the election[2]{{rp|270}}
  • 30 December 1943: Beginning of reading of votes[2]{{rp|271}}
  • 10 February 1944: Declaration of 11 Members-elect of parliament from Tehran. The twelfth was postponed.[2]{{rp|275}}

Results

Tudeh Party put forward fifteen candidates, nine of whom won seats. The number of the total votes cast for the candidates of the party is estimated at 1.5 million, one-eight of the total votes cast.[6]

Out of the 41,000 total votes cast in Tehran, Mohammad Mossadegh finished first with some 15,000 votes.[3] All Tudeh Party candidates were defeated in the constituency.[4]

In Isfahan, official results showed that Taghi Fadakar became the first deputy with 30,499 votes, and Hessameddin Dowlatabadi and Heidar-Ali Emami were elected for the second and third seats with 29,740 and 28,730 votes respectively.[3]

The top two seats for Tabriz went to Kho'i and Pishevari (Soviet-supported) with 15,883 and 15,780 votes out of 47,780 respectively, but credentials of both were rejected later. The rest of the seven seats in the constituency went to Eskandari, Sadeqi, Seqat ol-Eslam, Ipakchiyan (Soviet-supported), Panahi, Mojtahedi and Sartippur.[5]

The parties that won seats were:

PartySeatsRef
National Union Party30[6]
Fatherland Party26[7]
Justice Party15[8]
Tudeh PartyIncluding Jafar Pishevari, who was not a member but was closely associated with the party endorsed him. Pishevari did not take seat since his credentials were rejected.}}[4]
Iran PartyIncluding Mohammad Mossadegh, who was not a member but was closely associated with the party endorsed him.}}[9]
Comrades Party2

In the final composition of the parliament, deputies scattered into seven fractions:

FractionLeaderLineSeats
National UnionistsS. TabatabaeiRoyalist[10]30[6]
PatriotsZ. TabatabaeiAnti-royalist,[10] Pro-British[19]26[7]
LiberalsFarmanfarmaAnti-royalist,[10] Pro-Soviet[19]20[11]
IndividualsMossadeghAnti-royalist,[10] Neutralist16[9]
IndependentsDashtiPro-American[19]15[8]
DemocratsFarrokhAnti-royalist,[10] Pro-British[19]11[12]
TudehRadmaneshPro-Soviet[13]8[14]
Vacant seats10[15]
Total136

References

Footnotes

{{notelist}}
1. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1982|p=186}}
2. ^{{cite book|script-title=fa:گاهنامه پنجاه سال شاهنشاهی پهلوی|trans-title=Chronology of the fifty-year Pahlavi Kingship|url=http://fis-iran.org/en/content/chronology-fifty-year-pahlavi-kingship-0|date=1986|publisher=Soheil Press|location=Paris|volume=1|language=Persian}}
3. ^{{harvnb|Ladjevardi|1985|p=159}}: The "official" slate was, in fact, elected: Taghi Fadakar finished first with 30,499 votes (twice the number of votes cast for Dr. Mohammad Mossadegh, the top candidate in the Tehran elections), Hesameddin Dowlatabadi was second with 29,740 votes and Heidar-Ali Emami third with 28,730.
4. ^{{harvnb|Ladjevardi|1985|p=45}}: The total number of the votes cast for Tudeh candidates was estimated to be one-eight of the total votes cast, estimated at 1,500,000... In all, nine of the party's fifteen candidates were elected, although none were elected for the twelve seats for Tehran. Of the Central Council and Tudeh Party leaders who stood for election in Tehran, Dr. Morteza Yazdi received 4,719 votes, Ebrahim Mahzari 2,831, and Hossein Jahani 2,796 out of the 41,000 total votes cast.
5. ^{{harvnb|Atabaki|2000|p=73}}
6. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1982|p=200}}: The National Union Caucus mustered at most thirty deputies.
7. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1982|p=202}}: The Patriotic Caucus, on the other hand, included twenty-six deputies, many of whom represented constituencies in the British zone... The views of the fraksiun were publicized outside the Majles not only by the Fatherland party and its successor, the National Will party, but also by a number of newspapers...
8. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1982|p=202}}: Heirs to the Justice fraksiun of the Thirteenth Majles, the fifteen members of the Independent Caucus changed their parliamentary label for two major reasons. Headed by Dashti... Outside the Majles, the Independent Caucus was helped by the Justice party and its impressive array of well-financed newspapers.
9. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1982|p=202}}: Finally, the Individuals' Caucus was a loose coalition of some sixteen deputies who usually followed the lead of Mossadeq, especially on foreign and constitutional issues. Closest to Mossadeq were the five representatives of the Iran party and the two leaders of the Comrades party. The others were nonporty deputies elected mainly from the northern constituencies.
10. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1978|p=37}}: ...four main anti-royalist groups - Liberals, Patriots, Democrats, and Individuals - allying to initiate a collective offensive against the royalists in the National Union Faction
11. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1982|p=202}}: During the Fourteenth Majles, Umid functioned as the unofficial organ of the Liberal Caucus. Of the twenty deputies in the Caucus...
12. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1982|p=202}}: The Patriots worked closely with the eleven deputies of the Democratic Caucus. Known by their opponents as the "tribal group" (fraksiun-i 'ashayir), the Democrats were led by the two Bakhtiyari deputies...
13. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1978|pp=37, 43}}: The Tudeh and the Liberals, seeing Britain as the main enemy, intended to ally with the Soviet Union. The Patriots and the Democrats, fearing Russia as the chief threat, hoped to work closely with Britain. The Independents, distrusting both, planned to rely on the United States. The Individuals, on the other hand, proposed to save the country's independence through a policy of 'negative equilibrium'... Bayat took office in November with a slim majority formed of National Unionists and pro-British Democrats-Patriots. But he left office six months later having lost the votes of all Democrats-Patriots and of some dissident National Unionists, and instead having gained a significant minority composed of loyal National Unionists, neutralist Individuals, and pro-Soviet Tudeh-Liberal
14. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1982|p=201}}: Of the eight representatives in the Tudeh Caucus, all came from the ranks of the young intelligentsia, although two were from aristocratic families.
15. ^{{harvnb|Abrahamian|1978|p=36}}: ...ten were inactive - five had their credentials rejected, two died early in the session, another two resigned, and the last was in a British prison for his German connections.

Sources

{{Refbegin|30em|indent=yes}}
  • {{cite journal|last1=Abrahamian|first1=Ervand|title=Factionalism in Iran: political groups in the 14th Parliament (1944–46)|journal=Middle Eastern Studies|date=1978|volume=14|issue=1|pages=22–55|doi=10.1080/00263207808700364|jstor=4282680|publisher=Taylor & Francis|ref={{harvid|Abrahamian|1978}}}}
  • {{cite book|last=Abrahamian|first=Ervand|year=1982|title=Iran Between Two Revolutions|isbn=0-691-10134-5|publisher=Princeton University Press|ref={{harvid|Abrahamian|1982}}}}
  • {{cite book|title=Labor Unions and Autocracy in Iran|last=Ladjevardi|first=Habib|year=1985|publisher=Syracuse University Press|isbn=978-0-8156-2343-4|ref={{harvid|Ladjevardi|1985}}}}
  • {{cite book|last1=Atabaki|first1=Touraj|title=Azerbaijan: Ethnicity and the Struggle for Power in Iran|date=2000|publisher=I.B.Tauris|isbn=9781860645549|ref={{harvid|Atabaki|2000}}}}
{{Refend}}{{Iranian elections}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Iranian legislative election, 1943-1944}}

5 : Elections in Iran|1944 elections in Asia|1944 in Iran|National Consultative Majlis elections|14th term of the Iranian Majlis

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