| 词条 | Urdu poetry |
| 释义 |
Urdu poetry ({{lang-ur|{{Nastaliq|اُردُو شاعرى}}}} {{transl|ur|ALA-LC|Urdū S̱ẖāʿirī}}) is a rich tradition of poetry and has many different forms. Today, it is an important part of the cultures of South Asia. Meer, Dard, Ghalib, Anees, Daag Dehlvi, Dabeer, Iqbal, Zauq, Josh, Akbar, Premchand, Jigar, Faiz, Firaq, Shakeb Jalali, Ahmad Nadeem Qasmi, Shair, Mohsin, Faraz, Faizi, Firaq and Allama Muhammad Iqbal are among the greatest poets of Urdu. The language of Urdu got its pinnacle under the British Raj, and it received official status. All famous writers of Urdu language including Ghalib and Iqbal were given British scholarships.[1] Following the Partition of India in 1947, it found major poets and scholars were divided along the nationalistic lines. However, Urdu poetry is cherished in both the nations. Both the Muslims and Hindus from across the border continue the tradition. It is fundamentally performative poetry and its recital, sometimes impromptu, is held in Mushairas (poetic expositions). Although its tarannum saaz (singing aspect) has undergone major changes in recent decades, its popularity among the masses remains unaltered. Mushairas are today held in metropolitan areas worldwide because of the cultural influence of South Asian diaspora. Ghazal singing and Qawwali are also important expository forms of Urdu poetry. Bollywood movies have a major part in popularising Urdu poetry with younger generations. FormsThe principal forms of Urdu poetry are:[2]
Collection formsThe principal collection forms of Urdu poetry are:[2]
FormationUrdu poetry forms itself with following basic ingredients:
GenresThe major genres of poetry found in Urdu are:
Pen Names{{further|Takhallus}}In the Urdu poetic tradition, most poets use a pen name called the Takhallus (تخلص). This can be either a part of a poet's given name or something else adopted as an identity. The traditional convention in identifying Urdu poets is to mention the takhallus at the end of the name. The word takhallus[6] is derived from Arabic, meaning "ending". This is because in the ghazal form, the poet would usually incorporate his or her pen name into the final couplet (شعر) (maqta) of each poem. Scripts used in poetryIn Pakistan and Deccan region of India, Urdu poetry is written in the standard Nasta'liq calligraphy style of the Perso-Arabic script. However, in north India, where Urdu poetry is very popular, the Perso-Arabic is often found transliterated into the Devanāgarī script, as an aid for those Hindī-speakers, who can comprehend Urdu, but cannot read the Perso-Arabic script. With the dawn of the internet and globalization, this poetry is often found written in Roman Urdu as well as in Hindi script. In India mostly it is known as [https://www.hindiwisdom.in/ Shayari].[7] Example of Urdu ghazalThe following is a verse from a 2 Lines Urdu ghazal[8] by Arif Farhad: Urdu: میں تومچھلی کی طرح الجھا ہوا ہوں جال میں}}}} Roman Urdu: Tum na aana waqt k darya main beh kar is taraf. Main to machli ki tarah uljha huwa hun jaal main shayarionly.com English translation: Don't come towards this side in the river of time! I am captured in the net like a fish. See also{{Portal|Poetry}}
References1. ^{{cite book|author=Paul R. Brass,|title=Language, religion and politics in North India|date=2005|publisher=IUniverse|location=Lincoln, Neb. |isbn=978-0-595-34394-2}} 2. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book|title=A History of Urdu Literature |url=http://www.columbia.edu/itc/mealac/pritchett/00urduhindilinks/bailey/000introduction.pdf |first=Thomas Grahame |last=Bailey |orig-year=1932 |year=2008 |isbn=978-0-19-547518-0 |publisher=Association Press (Y.M.C.A.) |accessdate=15 July 2012 |format=PDF}} 3. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.yoalfaaz.com/blog/what-is-a-ghazal/|title=What is a Ghazal {{!}} Everything Explained|last=|first=|date=|website=www.YoAlfaaz.com|publisher=Priya Batra|access-date=}} 4. ^Encyclopedic dictionary of Urdu literature [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8182201918 p. 565] 5. ^The Encyclopaedia of Indian Literature (Volume Five) [https://books.google.com/books?isbn=8126012218 p. 4146] 6. ^A Brief History of Persian Literature, by the Iran Chamber Society. 7. ^Urdu Poetry, November 16, 2016 8. ^2 Lines Urdu Ghazal of Arif Farhad from [https://www.urdupoetryloves.com/tum-na-aana-waqt-ke-darya-ma-arif-farhad/ Sad Urdu Poetry]. External links
6 : Pakistani literature|Indian poetics|Poetry by nation or language|Pakistani poetics|Indian literature|Urdu poetry |
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