| 词条 | Ur-Nammu |
| 释义 |
| name = Ur-Nammu 𒌨𒀭𒇉 | title = {{unbulleted list | King of Ur | King of Sumer and Akkad | image =King Ur-Nammu.jpg |image_size=300 | caption =Enthroned King Ur-Nammu, founder of the Third Dynasty of Ur, on a cylinder seal. Inscription of the upper segment: "Ur-Nammu, the Great King, King of Ur". The name of King Ur-Nammu (𒌨𒀭𒇉) appears vertically in the upper right corner.[1] | queen = Daughter of Utu-hengal | successor= Shulgi | issue =Shulgi | religion =Sumerian religion |succession=King of the Neo-Sumerian Empire|reign=c. 2112 BC – 2095 BC}} Ur-Nammu (or Ur-Namma, Ur-Engur, Ur-Gur, Sumerian: {{cuneiform|𒌨𒀭𒇉}}, ca. 2047-2030 BC short chronology) founded the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur, in southern Mesopotamia, following several centuries of Akkadian and Gutian rule. His main achievement was state-building, and Ur-Nammu is chiefly remembered today for his legal code, the Code of Ur-Nammu, the oldest known surviving example in the world. ReignYear-names are known for 17 of Ur-Nammu's 18 years, but their order is uncertain. One year-name of his reign records the devastation of Gutium, while two years seem to commemorate his legal reforms: "Year in which Ur-Nammu the king put in order the ways (of the people in the country) from below to above", and "Year Ur-Nammu made justice in the land".[2] Among his military exploits were the conquest of Lagash and the defeat of his former masters at Uruk. He was eventually recognized as a significant regional ruler (of Ur, Eridu, and Uruk) at a coronation in Nippur, and is believed to have constructed buildings at Nippur, Larsa, Kish, Adab, and Umma. He was known for restoring the roads and general order after the Gutian period.[4] Ur Nammu was also responsible for ordering the construction of a number of stepped temples, called ziggurats, including the Great Ziggurat of Ur.[4] He was succeeded by his son Shulgi, after an 18-year reign. His death on the battle-field against the Gutians (after he had been abandoned by his army) was commemorated in a long Sumerian poetic composition.[5] SteleIn 1925, a shattered nine-foot tall limestone pillar was discovered in Mesopotamia. Under the remote supervision of Leonard Woolley, it was reconstructed by the Penn Museum. In 1985, Jeanny Canby determined that it had been pieced back incorrectly. She removed the plaster filler of the stele, and added the rearranged pieces she found in the museum's storeroom, and discovered the figure of a courtesan embracing a deity. "It's an amazingly intimate scene for a royal monument," she said.[6] See also{{Portal|Ancient Near East}}
Notes1. ^{{cite web |title=Hash-hamer Cylinder seal of Ur-Nammu |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=368841&partId=1 |website=British Museum}} 2. ^Year-names for Ur-Nammu 3. ^{{cite web |title=Hash-hamer Cylinder seal of Ur-Nammu |url=https://www.britishmuseum.org/research/collection_online/collection_object_details.aspx?objectId=368841&partId=1 |website=British Museum}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://lib.haifa.ac.il/www/art/ur.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2007-07-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070708050958/http://lib.haifa.ac.il/www/art/ur.html |archivedate=2007-07-08 |df= }} 5. ^1 Hamblin, William J. Warfare in the Ancient Near East to 1600 BC. New York: Routledge, 2006. 6. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/11/27/AR2007112702491.html|newspaper=The Washington Post|title=Archaeologist Jeanny 'Jes' Canby|last=Sullivan|first=Patricia|date=November 28, 2007}} External links
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