“USCG seagoing buoy tender”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

词条

USCG seagoing buoy tender

释义

Ex U.S. Army mine planters
Ex U.S. Army Chimo-class 188' mine planters 1942 - 1943
180' - class ships
Class A (Cactus) Class B (Mesquite) Class C (Iris)
225' - Juniper-class ships
See also
References
Bibliography

The USCG seagoing buoy tender is a type of United States Coast Guard cutter originally designed to service aids to navigation throughout the waters of the United States, and wherever American shipping interests require. The U.S. Coast Guard has maintained a fleet of seagoing buoy tenders dating back to its origins in the U.S. Light House Service (USLHS). These ships originally were designated with the hull classification symbol WAGL, but in 1965 the designation was changed to WLB, which is still used today.

Two classes of the WLB cutters have been produced. The older class, the 180 ft-class cutters, were {{convert|180|ft}} long. Thirty-nine of these vessels were built from 1942–1944. All but one were constructed in the shipyards of Duluth, Minnesota. The 180 fleet, many of which served for more than 50 years, all went through different mid-life modifications that essentially resulted in three different classes of ship. All of the 180s are now retired and have been replaced with the new {{convert|225|ft|adj=on}} Juniper-class cutters. The last 180-foot cutter, {{USCGC|Acacia|WLB-406|6}}, was decommissioned on 7 June 2006.

The Jonquil class of {{convert|189|ft|adj=on}} buoy tenders were U.S Army built mine planters acquired by the Coast Guard after World War II. Built around 1942, these vessels were designed for diesel engines but low pressure steam plants were installed instead.

The new Juniper buoy tenders are designed and operated as multi-mission platforms. While the 180s also performed other Coast Guard missions, they lacked the speed, communications, navigation and maneuverability of the new Junipers. Today, the Junipers conduct almost as much law enforcement as aid to navigation work; they are also outfitted to handle oil spill recovery, search and rescue, homeland security, and some ice breaking operations.

Ex U.S. Army mine planters

Six U.S. Army Mine Planters built 1917—1919 were transferred to the U.S. Light House Service during a reduction in the Army in the early 1920s. These, after absorption into the U.S. Coast Guard, became that service's "Speedwell class":{{sfn|Grover|1987|p=122}}

Acacia (WAGL-200), ex USAMP Gen. John P. Story (shelled & sunk 15 March 1942)
Ilex, (WAGL-222), ex USAMP Brig. Gen. Edmund Kirby
Lotus (WAGL-229), ex USAMP Col. Albert Todd
Lupine (WAGL-230), ex USAMP Gen. Wallace F. Randolph
Speedwell (WAGL-245), ex USAMP Col. John V. White
Spruce (WAGL-246), ex USAMP Col. Garland N. Whistler

The ships were {{convert|172|ft|m|1}} in length, {{convert|32|ft|m|1}} beam with {{convert|11|ft|6|in|m|1}} draft displacing 1,130 tons.{{sfn|USCG Historian's Office: Spruce, 1923}} Early mine planters, at first termed "torpedo planters," had been modeled after USLHS vessels which had similar requirements for handling heavy loads alongside the vessels so that mine planters were easily converted to buoy work.{{sfn|Jackson|2013}}

Ex U.S. Army Chimo-class 188' mine planters 1942 - 1943

Six U.S. Army-built mine planters were transferred to the U.S. Navy as the Chimo class. These vessels were further transferred to the U.S. Coast Guard and refitted as buoy tenders. All of these vessels were built 1942 to 1943 by Marietta Manufacturing Company, Point Pleasant, West Virginia.

USAMP General Henry Knox (MP-1) (USS Picket (ACM-8) then USCGC Willow (WAGL / WLB-332))
USAMP Colonel Henry J. Hunt (MP-2) (USS Bastion (ACM 6) then USCGC Jonquil (WAGL / WLB-330))
USAMP Colonel George Armistead (MP-3) (USS Barbican (ACM-5) then USCGC Ivy (WLB-329/WAGL-329))
USAMP 1st Lt. William G. Sylvester (MP-5) (USS Obstructor (ACM 7) then USCGC Heather (WABL / WLB-331))
USAMP Colonel John Storey (MP-8) (USS Barricade (ACM 3) then USCGC Magnolia (WAGL / WLB-328))
USAMP Maj. Gen. Arthur P.Murray (MP-9) (USS Trapper (ACM 9) then USS [https://web.archive.org/web/20080509091732/http://patriot.net/~eastlnd2/o_arc.htm Yamacraw (ARC 5)])USCGC Yamacraw (WARC-333)

180' - class ships

Class A (Cactus)

{{USCGC|Balsam|WLB-62|3}}
{{USCGC|Cactus|WLB-270|3}}
{{USCGC|Cowslip|WLB-277|3}}
{{USCGC|Woodbine|WLB-289|3}}
{{USCGC|Gentian|WLB-290|3}}
{{USCGC|Laurel|WLB-291|3}}
{{USCGC|Clover|WLB-292|3}}
{{USCGC|Evergreen|WLB-295|3}}
{{USCGC|Sorrel|WLB-296|3}}
{{USCGC|Citrus|WLB-300|3}}
{{USCGC|Conifer|WLB-301|3}}
{{USCGC|Madrona|WLB-302|3}}
{{USCGC|Tupelo|WLB-303|3}}

Class B (Mesquite)

{{USCGC|Ironwood|WLB-297|3}}
{{USCGC|Mesquite|WLB-305|3}}
{{USCGC|Buttonwood|WLB-306|3}}
{{USCGC|Planetree|WLB-307|3}}
{{USCGC|Papaw|WLB-308|3}}
{{USCGC|Sweetgum|WLB-309|3}}

Class C (Iris)

{{USCGC|Basswood|WLB-388|3}}
{{USCGC|Bittersweet|WLB-389|3}}
{{USCGC|Blackhaw|WLB-390|3}}
{{USCGC|Blackthorn|WLB-391|3}}
{{USCGC|Bramble|WLB-392|3}}
{{USCGC|Firebush|WLB-393|3}}
{{USCGC|Hornbeam|WLB-394|3}}
{{USCGC|Iris|WLB-395|3}}
{{USCGC|Mallow|WLB-396|3}}
{{USCGC|Mariposa|WLB-397|3}}
{{USCGC|Redbud|WLB-398|3}}
{{USCGC|Sagebrush|WLB-399|3}}
{{USCGC|Salvia|WLB-400|3}}
{{USCGC|Sassafras|WLB-401|3}}
{{USCGC|Sedge|WLB-402|3}}
{{USCGC|Spar|WLB-403|3}}
{{USCGC|Sundew|WLB-404|3}}
{{USCGC|Sweetbrier|WLB-405|3}}
{{USCGC|Acacia|WLB-406|3}}
{{USCGC|Woodrush|WLB-407|3}}

225' - Juniper-class ships

The Juniper class uses Dynamic Positioning which allows maintenance of the vessel's position within a {{convert|10|m}} circle in winds of up to {{convert|30|kn}} and waves of up to {{convert|8|ft}}.

{{USCGC|Juniper|WLB-201|3}}
{{USCGC|Willow|WLB-202|3}}
{{USCGC|Kukui|WLB-203|3}}
{{USCGC|Elm|WLB-204|3}}
{{USCGC|Walnut|WLB-205|3}}
{{USCGC|Spar|WLB-206|3}}
{{USCGC|Maple|WLB-207|3}}
{{USCGC|Aspen|WLB-208|3}}
{{USCGC|Sycamore|WLB-209|3}}
{{USCGC|Cypress|WLB-210|3}}
{{USCGC|Oak|WLB-211|3}}
{{USCGC|Hickory|WLB-212|3}}
{{USCGC|Fir|WLB-213|3}}
{{USCGC|Hollyhock|WLB-214|3}}
{{USCGC|Sequoia|WLB-215|3}}
{{USCGC|Alder|WLB-216|3}}

References

Bibliography

{{cite book |last=Grover |first=David |title=U.S. Army Ships and Watercraft of World War II |publisher=Naval Institute Press |year=1987 |isbn=0-87021-766-6 |lccn=87015514 |ref=harv}}
{{cite web |last=Jackson |first=Ramon |title=Army Ships -- The Ghost Fleet - Coast Artillery Corps - Army Mine Planter Service |publisher= |date=20 November 2013 |url=http://patriot.net/~eastlnd2/army-amps.htm |accessdate=30 October 2014 |ref=harv |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110927100156/http://patriot.net/~eastlnd2/army-amps.htm |archivedate=27 September 2011 |df= }}
{{cite web |url=http://www.uscg.mil/datasheet/225wlb.asp |title=225-foot Seagoing Buoy Tender (WLB) |work=Aircraft, Boats, and Cutters: Cutters |publisher=United States Coast Guard}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.uscg.mil/History/webcutters/NPS_180_HAER_Report.pdf |title=US Coast Guard 180-Foot Buoy Tenders |work=Historic American Engineering Record |publisher=National Park Service |year=2003}}
{{cite web |url=http://www.uscg.mil/History/webcutters/Spruce_1923.asp |title=Spruce, 1923 |author=USCG Historian's Office |date= |work= |publisher=United States Coast Guard |accessdate=January 14, 2015 |ref={{sfnref|USCG Historian's Office: Spruce, 1923}}}}

3 : Ships of the United States Coast Guard|Ship types|Auxiliary tender classes

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